高二英语-知识讲解 Unit 2 A Job Worth Doing语言点.doc

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1、Unit 2 A Job Worth Doing 语言点编稿：王春霞 审稿：陈玉莲 学习目标重点词汇expect, worth, respect, suffer, marry, rise, offer, apply, available, require, demand.重点短语take up, in particular, pass by, live on, takefor granted, call out.重点句型 “名词to do”，不定式作后置定语修饰名词知识讲解重点词汇expect【原句回放】The number of speech pathologists(who help pe

2、ople who have problems speaking) is expected to double by the year 2012语言病理学家(帮助语言有障碍的人)的数量到2012年有望翻一番。【点拨】 expect vt. 希望；期待，期望；料想expect + that从句I expect that hell pass the mid-term exam我希望他通过这次期中考试。expect sth. / sb.We were expecting a letter from her我们在盼着她的来信。expect sb+宾补Weve been anxious about you

3、We were expecting you back much earlier我们一直在担心你，我们盼着你早点回来。expect的简略回答Will he be late? 他会迟到吗?I expect so. / I expect not. /I dont expect so.我想会的。/我想不会。/我不这样想。worth【原句回放】A Job Worth Doing一份值得做的工作【点拨】worth adj. “值得的”“值”。如果表达“很值得”要用well修饰worth，而不能用very/very much/quite等。常用结构“be worth+钱”意为“值钱”。“be worth+名

4、词”意为“值得”。“be worth doing”意为“值得做”(主动形式表被动)。This book is well worth reading这本书很值得读。【拓展】worthy adj. “值得的”“应得到的”，可作表语。“有价值的”“值得尊敬的”，可作定语。be worthy of sth值得be worthy of being done 值得被做be worthy to be done 值得去被做worthwhile adj.“值得(花时间/精力/金钱)的”，可作表语和定语。It is worthwhile doing 值得做It is worthwhile to do 值得去做Th

5、is second-hand car is worth $2000 at the most这辆二手车最多值2，000美元。The school has educated many worthy people这所学校培养出了许多值得尊敬的人。It is worthwhile to have/having a try again. 再尝试一次是值得的。respect【原句回放】But in practice, few drivers respect the rules但实际上，很少有司机遵守这些规则。【点拨】respect vt遵守；尊敬。n尊敬，尊重；关心，考虑；方面。【拓展】respectfu

6、l adj. 尊敬的respective adj. 分别的，各自的respecting prep. 关于respectable adj. 相当好的，值得尊敬的，高尚的，体面的show/pay respect for 向表示尊敬earn the respect of 赢得的尊敬in all respects 在各方面in respect of 关心，就来说without respect to 不考虑，不管Students should show respect for their teachers学生应该尊敬老师。In what respect do you think the film ins

7、tructive?你认为影片在哪一方面有教育意义?His essay is fine in respect of information, but the style is dreadful.他的论文就资料而言非常好,但文体很糟。With respect to your proposal, we are sorry to say that we cannot agree to it.关于你的提议,很抱歉我们无法同意。suffer【原句回放】But many youngsters will need professional care，too:14 million Americans suffe

8、r from speech or language problems，and six million of them are under the age of 18但是许多年轻人也将需要专业照顾：1，400万美国人遭受语言问题，而其中有600万人还不满18岁。【点拨】suffer v. 遭遇，遭受；受苦，受难She was suffering from a headache她正遭受头痛之苦。Many people suffer from a great deal of heights许多人有恐高症。His business suffered greatly during the war他的生意

9、在战争中蒙受了重大损失。He suffered for his carelessness他因粗心而吃了亏。His friend has suffered from ill health for some years他朋友身体不好已有好几年了。marry【原句回放】Sarah is going to marry a policeman萨拉要与一位警察结婚。【点拨】 marry v. 结婚，娶，嫁；为主持婚礼；使结婚，把(女儿)嫁出去，为(儿子)娶媳妇He got married late in life他结婚很晚。An old friend married them一位老朋友为他们主持了婚礼。S

10、he wants to marry her son to a rich woman她要自己的儿子和一个有钱的女人结婚。【拓展1】get married=be marriedThey got married last year他们去年结了婚。【拓展2】marry在大多数情况下用作及物动词，需要跟宾语或用被动语态；在有副词修饰时，可以作不及物动词用；和某人结婚时。不用with，要用to，或者直接不用介词，但要注意搭配；表示结婚已有一段时间应该用be married。They have(got)married for 10 years()They have been married for 10 y

11、ears()They got married 10 years ago()It is 10 years since they got married()他们已经结婚十年了。When did she get married? ()她什么时候结的婚?She married very early()她结婚很早。She married with a doctor()She was married with a doctor()She married a doctor() She was married to a doctor()她和一个医生结了婚。rise【原句回放】But there will al

12、so be a rise in the demand for health care professionals. 但是对健康护理专家的需求也会上升。【点拨】rise n. 兴起；升高；加薪；小山岗the rise of the Roman Empire罗马帝国的兴起The decrease in the number of bicycles and cars might give rise to another new set of problems自行车和小汽车数量减少会产生一些新的问题。a rise in prices物价上涨The rise in the house rent has

13、added to our difficulties房租涨价增加了我们的困难。a rise in the ground一个向上的斜坡have a rise in wages提高工资【拓展】 raise与riseraise是及物动词，须带宾语或用于被动语态。rise是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不用于被动语态。offer【原句回放】This person has offered to do a joband may not be paid for doing it这个人主动提出去做一份可能没有报酬的工作。【点拨】offervi. & vt. 主动提出，提议；出价 n. 建议；提供；出价。offer后不

14、能接动名词作宾语，经常接名词、代词、不定式等。常用短语：offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事offer sb. sth. offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物offer money for sth. 出钱买某物offer sth. for money 要价卖某物He offered to help me. 他主动提出帮助我。He offered to teach us for nothing他主动义务教我们。The boss offered me a better position. =The boss offered a better position to me老

15、板提供给我一个更好的职位。【拓展】易混辨析offer/ provide/ supplyoffer指主动提供帮助、服务或令人向往之物，可接名词、不定式作宾语，也可接双宾语。He offered me 300 dollars for that television他向我出价300美元买那台电视机。provide指出于某种责任，主要提供所需之物，尤其是生活必需品。常用短语provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb。The government provides the orphans with food and clothes政府提供给孤儿食品和衣服。supp

16、ly主要指定期提供物品，含有连续不断地供给之意，常用短语supply sb. with sth.或supply sth. to sb.。Our farm supplies the market with fruit and vegetables我们的农场给这个市场提供水果和蔬菜。apply【原句回放】Say which job the writer is applying for. 说说作者申请的是哪一项工作。【点拨】applyvi. 申请，请求；适用常用短语：apply (to sb./sth.) for sth.(向某人/某组织)申请某物apply to do sth. 申请做某事appl

17、y sth. to sth. 将某物应用于某物apply to 适用于apply oneself to sth./doing sth.专心致力于(做)某事Im going to apply for the / that post. 我打算申请那个职位。Do the same rules apply to part-time workers? 同样的规则是否适用于兼职工人？The new technology has been applied to farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。【拓展】application n. 申请；申请书；应用，运用applicant n. 申请人availa

18、ble【原句回放】I would be very grateful if you could send me more information about the post available. 如果能收到您更多的职位信息，将不胜感激。【点拨】availableadj. (指物)可用的或可得到的； (指人)可会见的，有空的Tickets are available from the box office. 在售票处可以买到票。Im available in the afternoon. 我下午有空。 require【原句回放】Sales Staff are required in well-k

19、nown clothes shop. 著名服装店铺招收店员。【点拨】requirevt. 需要，要求His health requires that he (should) go to bed early. 照他的健康状况而论，他需要早睡。I requested them to stop making such a noise. 我请求他们别这样喧闹。 The house requires painting.这房子需要刷油漆。常用搭配：meet/satisfy requirements 满足需要/必备的条件require that sb. (should) do sth. 要求/需要某人做某事

20、require sb. to do sth. 要求/需要某人做某事require sth. of sb. 向某人要求某物require doing 需要被做as required 按照要求required reading 指定读物【拓展】requirement n. 所需要的东西；必要的条件，必备的条件demand【原句回放】But there will also be a rise in the demand for health care professionals. 但是对健康护理专家的需求也会上升。【点拨】demand v. 要求，需要；询问 常用搭配：demand sth. of s

21、b. 向某人要求某物demand to do 需要做demand that . (从句用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略)This sort of work demands great patience. 这种工作需要很耐心。It seemed that no matter what she did, more was demanded of her.似乎无论她做了什么，别人要求她的就更多。He kept demanding to know how it got there. 他不停地要求知道它是怎样到那里的。He demands that he (should) be t

22、old everything. = He demands to be told everything.他要求被告知一切。“What is the meaning of this?”he demanded.“这是什么意思?”他追问道。【拓展1】demand n. 要求，需求（量）demanding adj. 过分要求的，苛求的【拓展2】require, request和demand不同点：require意为“要求”，表示“要求所必需的东西；法律、协议、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。request(to ask for sth. officially)意为“请求”，表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”

23、。 demand(to ask for something very firmly，especially because you think you have a right to do this)意为“要求”，表示“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。require和demand 都可以表示“需要”的意思，而request无此用法。This sport demands patience and strength. 这项运动需要耐力和体力。The matter requires careful handling. 这件事情需要谨慎处理。require/request sb.

24、to dobe required/requested to do；demand to do；demand sb. to do() “require动名词”时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand，request无此种用法。My car requires ( wants/needs) repairing. 我的汽车需要修理。相同点：demand，require和request都可以接that引导的宾语从句，并且从句中的谓语动词要用“should 动词原形”形式，其中should可以省略。重点短语take up【原句回放】And so every morning, week in, wee

25、k out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs the traffic. 就这样，每天早晨，一周又一周，从早到晚，提摩太站在拐弯处，指挥着交通。【点拨】take up占据(时间/空间)；开始从事(爱好或工作)；接受(挑战等)；继续讲/做；站好位置以备【拓展】take back承认说了错话；收回某言语；退回take down 记下take in欺骗/蒙骗； 吸入； 收留；领会，理解take on呈现(某种性质、样子等)；雇用；接受(工作)；承担(责任等)in particular【原句回放】

26、 One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world. 特别是有一条路，从纳帕往北，被认为是世界上最危险的道路。【点拨】in particular (especially) 尤其，特别be particular about/over sth. 对某事挑剔；对某物讲究We like to read Lu Xuns essays in particular. 我们特别喜欢读鲁迅的文章。He is very particular about /

27、 over food. 他吃东西特别挑剔。pass by【原句回放】But often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal for granted. 但很多时候，他们只是路过而已，对这个活人信号灯根本不以为然。【点拨】pass by经过【拓展】passerby n. 过路者(复数passersby)pass away 去世(委婉的说法)pass sth. down (from sb. to sb.) 把往下传，传给后人pass sth. on (to sb.) 把某物传给(某人)Somebody passing by asked

28、 me the way to the square. 一个过路人向我打听去广场的路。Please pass the message on to the other students. 请把口信传给其他的同学。live on【原句回放】Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on. 有时司机会给他一点儿小费，因此他才有足够的钱生存。【点拨】live on以某物为食；靠生活；继续生活或存在【拓展】live up to符合(标准)；不负(盛名)；履行(诺言) live by doing st

29、h. 靠做某事为生Mozart is dead but his music lives on. 莫扎特人已作古，但他的音乐作品却万世流传。My salary isnt enough for us to live on. 我的薪水不够我们生活。He failed to live up to his parents expectations/his principles. 他辜负了父母的期望/没有遵守自己的原则。take sb./sth. for granted【原句回放】But often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal fo

30、r granted. 但很多时候，他们只是路过而已，对这个活人信号灯根本不以为然。【点拨】take sb./sth. for granted视某人/某事为当然【拓展】take it for granted that 理所当然地认为Dont take his help for granted. 不要把他的帮助视为理所当然。I took it for granted that youd want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket. 我理所当然地认为你想和我们一起去，所以给你买了一张票。call out【原句回放】Then a few years l

31、ater, he was called out in the night to help pull people out of a bus which had crashed at la curva del dialblo. 几年后的一天晚上，他被叫出来帮助抢救一辆在魔鬼弯道坠毁的公交车上的人们。【点拨】call out要求某人来，召唤出动(尤指处理紧急情况)；大声说出【拓展】call by/round顺路拜访，短暂地访问call at a place 访问某地call on sb. 拜访某人 call for sb./sth. 去接某人；需要，要求call on/upon sb. to do

32、 sth. 邀请某人讲话等；号召或促使某人做某事call in 召来，叫来；请来帮忙call sb./sth. up 给某人打电话/使回忆起、使想起某物The army has been called out to help fight fires. 军队已经被派出协助灭火。The situation calls for prompt action. 形势所迫，必须立即采取行动。I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting. 我现在邀请主席向大会致辞。So I call on all to help those who are suff

33、ering. 所以我号召所有的人来帮助那些正在受苦的人。We must call in a doctor. 我们必须请位医生。She called out to her father for help. 她大声向她爸爸喊救命。Ill call for you at 7 oclock.我7点钟到你家接你。Ive been promoted.This calls for a celebration!“我升职了。”“那得庆祝一下！”The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood. 这欢笑声使他回忆起了童年时代的情景。重点

34、句型“名词to do”，不定式作后置定语修饰名词【原句回放】Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on. 有时候司机们给他一点小费，使他能够维持生活。【点拨】不定式作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间在逻辑上有动宾关系、主谓关系等。试比较：He needs a room to live in. (动宾关系)他需要有一间房子住。He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (主谓关系)他总是第一个来，最后一个走。The meeting to be held tomorrow is about quality education. (不定式的被动语态表示将来的被动动作)明天要开的会是关于素质教育的。当不定式和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能遗漏。I need a room to put all my things in. 我需要一个房间把我所有的东西都放进去。