外刊英语【Week10 周二】精读讲义 20240305 podcast ★★★★☆.pdf

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1、 新英文外刊 2024-3-5 1/13 经济学人经济学人双语双语 播客诞生 20 年 Week10 周二 字数 641words 难度系数 全文导读 得益于移动智能设备的普及，手机具备了“收听信息”和“信息制作”两种功能，为播客的制作与传播提供了极大的便利。独立播客制作人在内容创作上拥有相当大的自主权，不必受到题材、时长、音质等方面的限制。因此，近年来，多样化的播客作品大量涌现。有越来越多的年轻人听播客、录播客、聊播客，在声音里构建“情感共同体”。重难点讲义&全文翻译 Aural history:Podcasts got their name 20 years ago this month

2、播客史：20 年前的本月，播客诞生了。A once-fringe medium has gone mainstream,but many wonder what the future holds.Joe Rogan talks into a microphone for his podcast.曾经边缘化的媒体形式已经成为主流，但是许多人仍好奇它的未来如何。下图为乔罗根（Joe Rogan）对着麦克风录制播客。aural /rl/adj.relating to the sense of hearing,or someones ability to understand sounds 听觉的；听

3、力的 an aural stimulus 听觉刺激 podcast /pdk st/n.a radio programme that can be downloaded from the Internet 播客 可从因特网上下载的一种广播节目 fringe /frnd/adj.less important or popular than the mainstream 边缘的，非主流的 The environment is no longer a fringe issue.环境不再是一个边缘问题了。扫码听音频 新英文外刊 2024-3-5 2/13 Para.1 mainstream /mens

4、trim/adj.considered normal,and having or using ideas,beliefs,etc.that are accepted by most people（思维、思想或信念等）主流的 This is the directors first mainstream Hollywood film.这是该导演在好莱坞的首部主流影片。hold /hld/v.if the future holds something,that is what may happen 未来发生 Thousands of workers are waiting to see what t

5、he future holds.几千名工人对未来的局势拭目以待。talk into sth to direct ones voice toward some device,such as a microphone 对着讲话The radio announcer talked clearly into the microphone.电台播音员对着麦克风说话，口齿清晰。In February 2004 Ben Hammersley,a British journalist,noticed a new kind of digital media:“downloadable radio”produce

6、d by geeky amateurs or public broadcasters.Mr Hammersley suggested a few names for it.Fortunately“audioblogging”and“GuerillaMedia”did not catch on.But a third did:podcasting,a portmanteau of“iPod”and“broadcasting”.geek /ik/n.someone who is very interested in a particular subject and knows a lot abou

7、t it（某一领域的）高手，极客 a computer geek 电脑迷 geeky adj.极客化的【注：geek原本是指怪人。近年来，随着互联网文化兴起，其贬义的成分正慢慢减少，现通常被用于形容对计算机和网络技术有狂热兴趣并投入大量时间钻研的人，音译作“极客”。】amateur /amt/n.someone who does an activity just for pleasure,not as their job 业余爱 好 者 Mickelson won his first major golf tournament while still an amateur.米克尔森还是业余选手

8、时就赢得了他第一个高尔夫球锦标赛大奖。guerilla/ril/n.a member of a small unofficial military group that fights in small groups 游 击 队 员 American troops found themselves fighting a guerrilla war.美军发现自己是在打游击战。catch on to become popular and fashionable 流行 The idea of glasses being a fashion item has been slow to catch on.

9、眼镜成为一种时尚之物的概念很久才流行开来。portmanteau /ptmnt/n.a word or part of a word made by combining the spellings and meanings of two or more other words or word parts(such as smog from smoke and fog)混合词，合并词，缩合词 新英文外刊 2024-3-5 3/13 Para.2 2004 年 2 月，英国记者本哈默斯利（Ben Hammersley）注意到了一种新型数字媒体：由极客业余爱好者或者公共广播公司制作的“可下载的广播节

10、目”。哈默斯利为其取了几个名字。幸运的是，“有声博客（audioblogging）”和“边缘媒体（GuerillaMedia）”反响平平。但是第三个名字广为人知：播客（podcasting），这个词语是由“苹果播放器（iPod）”和“广播（broadcasting）”组合而成。At a tech conference the next year,Steve Jobs,Apples boss,asked how many people in the audience had heard of podcasting,which he described as“Waynes World for ra

11、dio”.Not a single person raised their hand.But today,20 years after they got their name,podcasts are mainstream.Around 43%of American internet users and 30%of Britons listen to at least one a month.You can open Apple,Spotify and,increasingly,YouTube to find some 4m shows by everyone from ex-convicts

12、 to duchesses.Podcasting has turned anyone with a microphone into a talking head who can talk straight into peoples earbuds.Waynes World 反斗智多星，1992年上映的喜剧电影。电影中，韦恩与好友加思定期在地下室里和朋友们制作一档展示各种惊奇发明的节目“韦恩的世界”，节目风格怪诞风趣，在当地年轻人之中颇受欢迎。not a single no people or things at all 一个也没有 The plane was brought down safe

13、ly and not a single passenger was killed.飞机安全降落，没有一名乘客丧生。Briton /brtn/n.someone from Britain 英国人 the first Briton to climb Everest without oxygen 第一个未借助氧气设备登上珠穆朗玛峰的英国人 Spotify Spotify 是一个正版流媒体音乐服务平台，2008 年 10 月在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩正式上线。Spotify 提供免费和付费两种服务，免费用户在使用 Spotify 的服务时将被插播一定的广告，付费用户则没有广告，且拥有更好的音质。some a

14、dv.used before numbers to mean approximately （用 于 数 词 前，意 同approximately）大约，差不多 Some thirty people attended the funeral.大约有三十人参加了葬礼。ex-prefix.(in nouns构成名词)former前任 ex-wife 前妻 convict /knvkt/n.someone who has been proved to be guilty of a crime and sent to prison 已决犯；囚犯 an escaped convict 越狱犯 duches

15、s /dts/n.a woman with the highest social rank outside the royal family,or the wife of a duke 女公爵；公爵夫人 the Duchess of York 约克公爵夫人 talking head someone who appears on a television news or discussion show（电视新闻、讨论节目的）出镜人士，主播 He is in high demand as a talking head.他作为节目主播很受欢迎。新英文外刊 2024-3-5 4/13 Para.3 e

16、arbud /bd/n.a small earphone 耳塞小型耳机 在第二年的一次技术大会上，苹果公司老板史蒂夫乔布斯（Steve Jobs）询问观众席中有多少人听说过播客，即他口中“电台版的反斗智多星”。没有一个人举手。但如今，20 年过去了，播客已经成为了主流。大约 43%的美国网民以及 30%的英国人每月至少收听一档播客节目。打开苹果、Spotify或者 YouTube，大约有 400 万个播客节目呈现在你眼前，制作者从有前科的罪犯到公爵夫人，应有尽有。播客让任何一个有麦克风的人都能成为节目主持人，直接对着人们的耳机交谈。Like butt-dialling and doom-scr

17、olling,the podcasting boom was facilitated by the smartphone.The iPhone was released in 2007;the first standalone podcast apps came out between 2010 and 2012.In 2014“Serial”,a binge-worthy investigation into the botched murder trial of a teenager in Maryland,arrived;it was the first show to gain att

18、ention in mainstream American culture.(The first season has been downloaded more than 300m times.)The number of monthly podcast listeners in America doubled in the five years after 2014.butt-dial /btda.l/v.to place an unintended call to(someone)from a mobile phone(as by sitting on a phone placed in

19、a back pocket)when the phone is not in use（手机放在口袋里时不小心碰到而）误拨电话 He butt-dialed his boss and she overheard the whole conversation.他不小心碰到按键而误拨了老板的电话，结果她听到了整个对话。doom-scroll v.to spend excessive time online scrolling through news or other content that makes one feel sad,anxious,angry,etc.不停地滚动浏览负面消息【doom

20、-scrolling 是近几年新出现的热词，可译为“末日刷屏（症）”：指在社交媒体或新闻网站上不断浏览负面、令人沮丧的新闻或信息的行为。】facilitate /fsltet/v.to make it easier for a process or activity to happen 促进；使便利 Computers can be used to facilitate language learning.用电脑可使语言学习更方便。standalone /stndln/adj.able to be operated on its own without being connected to a

21、 larger system 独立运行的 come out If a book,record,film,es out,it becomes available for people to buy or see.（书、唱片、电影等）发行，出版，面市 When does their new album come out?他们的新专辑什么时候面市？Serial 连环，真实犯罪播客节目，第一季在 2014 年开播后，成为播客历史上最快达成 500 万次下载量的播客节目，单集收听人数超过 150 万。连环最大的特点在于它的故事是真实发生的谋杀案，促成了听众的调查和参与。新英文外刊 2024-3-5 5/

22、13 Para.4 其创始人 Sarah Koenig 在芝加哥广播电台这里是美国担任制作人已有十年，奠定了连环高制作水平的基础。binge /bnd/n.an occasion when an activity is done in an extreme way,especially eating,drinking,or spending money（尤指在饮食和花钱方面）无节制的狂热行为 Kens gone on a binge with his mates.肯和他的伙伴们一起饮酒作乐去了。botch /bt/v.to do something badly,because you have

23、 been careless or because you do not have the skill to do it properly 因不经心或缺 乏 技 术 而 把 做 得 拙 劣 a botched investigation 敷衍了事的调查 Maryland 马里兰州，位于美国东海岸，东临大西洋。划线句 In 2014“Serial”,a binge-worthy investigation into the botched murder trial of a teenager in Maryland【Serial 的同位语，说明 连环案是一档怎样的节目；binge 表示“狂热活动

24、”，binge-worthy 指这档节目“值得为之狂热“，即”值得一看“;investigation into sth 表示”对的调查“；botch 指 to do sth badly 笨拙地弄糟某事，这里指这桩案件审判有误】,arrived【谓语动词，指 Serial 节目上线】如同误拨电话和“末日刷屏症”一样，智能手机也推动了播客的繁荣。2007 年，iPhone 手机发布；2010 年至 2012 年间，首批独立运行的播客应用程序问世。2014 年，调查类节目 连环案（Serial）上线，这档节目讲述了一桩审判有误的马里兰州少年谋杀案，值得反复观看；它也是首档在美国主流文化中获得关注的播

25、客节目（第一季下载量已经超过 3 亿次）。在之后的五年里，美国播客月收听人数增加了一倍。Since“Serial”,podcasting has been in a“hyper-charged,hyper-capitalist,hyper-speculative period”,says Nicholas Quah,a podcast critic.Tech companies swooped in,such as Spotify,which was hungry for new customers and audio content it could have royalty-free.(S

26、potify has invested$1bn in podcasting since 2018.)hyper-prefix.(in adjectives and nouns构成形容词和名词)more than normal;too much过度；过多 hypercritical 批评苛刻 charged /t dd/adj.a charged situation or subject makes people feel very angry,anxious,or excited,and is likely to cause arguments or violence 引起强烈感情的；气氛紧张

27、的 a highly charged atmosphere 一触即发的紧张气氛 capitalist /kptl-st/adj.using or supporting capitalism 资本主义的 the capitalist system 资本主义制度 新英文外刊 2024-3-5 6/13 Para.5 speculative /spekjltv/adj.bought or done in the hope of making a profit later 投机的 speculative investments 投机性的投资 swoop /swup/v.to move very qui

28、ckly and easily through the air,especially down from a height in order to attack（尤指为进攻而从高处）俯冲，向下猛扑 The eagle swooped down to snatch a young rabbit.鹰俯冲下来抓一只小兔子。swoop in:to move to somewhere swiftly hungry adj.wanting or needing something very much 渴望得到的 She is hungry for success.她渴望成功。royalty /rlti/n

29、.a payment made to the writer of a book or piece of music depending on how many books etc are sold,or to someone whose idea,invention etc is used by someone else to make money 付给书或乐曲作者的版税；发明等的 使用费 All royalties from the album will go to charity.这张音乐专辑的全部版税收入将捐给慈善机构。播客评论家尼古拉斯柯（Nicholas Quah）表示，自连环案之后

30、，播客进入了一个“活力涌动、资本驱动、高度投机的时期”。Spotify 等科技公司蜂拥而至，它们渴望获得新顾客以及免版税的音频内容（自 2018 年以后，声破天已向播客投资了 10 亿美元）。But last yearcue the“record scratch”sound effectthe music stopped.Economic headwinds were one factor.But advertisers and investors also realised that they know relatively little about how many people actu

31、ally listen to podcasts:“downloads”,the standard industry metric for engagement,do not always equate to listening.Spotify eliminated 200 podcasting jobs;others followed suit.Many well-regarded shows were cancelled,including“Stolen”,which won the Pulitzer prize for audio journalism in 2023.Podcasters

32、 learned that“excellence wont save you”,says Neil Verma,a media-studies scholar.cue v.to signal(to something or somebody)at a specific moment in a musical or dramatic performance 插入以提示 record scratch 唱片刮擦声；在电影、电视剧或其他媒体中，当出现某种出人意料或尴尬的情况时，常常会播放一种类似唱片刮擦的声音，以表达出尴尬或惊讶的情绪。划线句 But last yearcue the“record s

33、cratch”sound effect【这里是模仿节目制作方式（即插入音效强化某种情绪），以此引入某种戏剧性或引人注意的变化或转折】the music stopped【music 指代播客】.headwind /hedwnd/n.a wind that is blowing towards a person or vehicle,so that it is blowing from the direction in which the person or vehicle is moving 逆风；顶风 metric /metrk/n.a standard of 新英文外刊 2024-3-5 7

34、/13 Para.6 measurement 衡量标准，指标 equate to sth to be equal to something 相当于，等于 a rate of pay which equates to 6 per hour 相当于每小时 6 英镑的报酬 follow suit to do the same as someone else has done 跟着做，照着做，仿效 Budget companies have been so successful that other airlines have had to follow suit and lower their fa

35、res.廉价航空公司很成功，其他航空公司只得仿效他们降低票价。Stolen Connie Walker 于 2021 年开始在流媒体音乐服务平台 Spotify 连载 Stolen 系列播客，选题涉及众多社会议题。Stolen 第二季节目之一 Surviving St.Michaels 获得了 2023 年普利策音频报道奖。Pulitzer prize 普利策奖，是根据美国报业巨头约瑟夫普利策（Joseph Pulitzer）的遗愿于1917 年设立的奖项，后发展成为美国新闻界的最高荣誉奖。2020 年新增了音频报道奖（Audio Reporting），首个“音频报道奖”颁发给了播客作品外面的

36、人群(The Out Crowd)，普利策奖的这一调整可看出评委会对新媒体生态所作探索的肯定。但是去年（这里应该有个“唱片刮擦”的音效），播客发展陷入了停滞。经济下行是其中一个因素。但是广告商和投资者也意识到，他们对播客实际收听人数知之甚少：下载量是衡量参与度的行业标准，但是下载量与收听量并不总是等同。Spotify 裁减了 200 个播客岗位；其他公司也纷纷效仿。许多备受好评的节目也遭腰斩，例如曾获 2023 年普利策音频报道奖的“Stolen”。媒体研究学者尼尔维尔马（Neil Verma）表示，播客创作者意识到了“节目质量好不代表它能活下去”。Although producers are

37、 struggling to turn a profit,podcasting is in the ascendant.Advertising spending and listening time are predicted to rise.But the medium“is growing in a direction that is hard for a lot of the podcast originalists to accept”,says Ariel Shapiro,who writes Hot Pod,an industry newsletter.turn a profit

38、to make a profit 赢利 be in the ascendant to be or become powerful or popular 有势力；受欢迎 a political party thats in the ascendant 一个正在发展壮大的政党 originalist n.a person who acts,thinks,or otherwise behaves in an original way.原创者 newsletter /njuzlet/n.a short written report of news about a club,organization e

39、tc that is sent regularly to people who are interested 俱乐部、团体等给特定读者定期寄发的通讯，简报 The society publishes a newsletter twice a year.该社团一年出版两次简 新英文外刊 2024-3-5 8/13 Para.7 Para.8 报。尽管制作者难以盈利，但播客的发展仍然呈上升趋势。据预测，广告支出和收听时间都将继续增加。但撰写行业简报Hot Pod的阿里尔夏皮罗（Ariel Shapiro）认为，这种媒体“正朝着播客原创作者难以接受的方向发展”。What does the futur

40、e hold?Some think the future of podcasting lies in video.Many podcasts,including a talk show hosted by Joe Rogan,the most popular podcast globally,now employ video to increase their audience.“We will be watching podcasts,we will be skipping chapters of podcasts,and you will be commenting on them at

41、the end,”predicts Will Page,Spotifys former chief economist.lie in sth.(of ideas,qualities,problems,etc.思想、特征、问题等)to exist or be found 存在；在于 The problem lies in deciding when to intervene.问题在于决定何时介入。employ /mpl/v.to use a particular object,method,skill etc in order to achieve something 使用，运用 The rep

42、ort examines teaching methods employed in the classroom.这个报告探讨了课堂教学方法。未来究竟如何？一些人认为播客的未来在于视频。许多播客，包括乔罗根主持的、最受全球欢迎的脱口秀播客，如今也在使用视频来吸引听众。Spotify 前首席经济学家威尔佩奇（Will Page）预测，“未来我们将观看播客，跳过其中部分内容，并且在结束时发表评论。”Betting that some people want visual entertainment while listening,Spotify started supporting video po

43、dcasts in 2020.Already the black microphone icon has become omnipresent on YouTube and TikTok,functioning as a visual signal for podcast-like straight talk.【翻译作业】Video will help podcasts further spread;rarely does audio alone go viral.bet /bet/v.If you say you bet(someone)that something is true or w

44、ill happen,you mean 新英文外刊 2024-3-5 9/13 Para.9 you are certain that it is true or will happen.敢肯定 You can bet(that)the moment I sit down,the phone will ring.几乎可以肯定，我一坐下，电话铃就会响起来。icon /akn/n.a small symbol on a computer screen that represents a program or a file 图标；图符；图示 Click on the printer icon wit

45、h the mouse.用鼠标点击打印机图标。omnipresent /mnpreznt/adj.present everywhere 无所不在的；遍及各处的 These days the media are omnipresent.现在新闻媒体无处不在。function as sth if something functions as a particular thing,it does what that type of thing normally does,or is used as that thing 起作用，作用 A library is functioning as a tem

46、porary hospital to cope with casualties.一个图书馆被用作临时医院，以处理伤亡人员。straight /stret/adj.honest and truthful 诚实的；真实的 I think its time for some straight talk now.我认为现在应该开诚布公地谈一谈了。viral /varl/adj.passed on to other people on the Internet or using mobile phones 在网络上或用手机 广为传播的 It is one of the most viewed viral

47、 videos on the web.这是网络上被观看次数最多的“病毒视频”。Spotify 确信有些人希望在收听的同时能获得视觉享受，于是从 2020 年起开始支持视频播客。【翻译作业】视频将推动播客进一步发展传播，而这是仅凭音频难以做到的。Whatever happens to the industry,its impact on audio storytelling will endure.Podcasts offer something traditional formats often work hard to leave out,but which,as trust in medi

48、a has fallen,audiences crave:transparency.Instead of formal interviews,listeners get sprawling conversations.Instead of radio features measured in minutes,listeners are led through whole investigations over hours.“In exposing the vulnerabilities of the reportorial process,the news product becomes mo

49、re credible and trustworthy,”writes David Dowling in“Podcast Journalism”,a forthcoming book.Podcasts often set out to explain thingsand they always end up explaining themselves.storytelling /st.ritel./n.the activity of writing,telling,or reading stories 讲故事 The film combines skilful storytelling wit

50、h striking visuals.这部电影结合了巧妙的叙事手法和惊人的视觉效果。endure v.to remain alive or continue to exist for a long time 生 活 下去；持 续 存在 friendships which endure over many years 保持多年的友谊 新英文外刊 2024-3-5 10/13 leave out to not include someone or something 遗漏，不包括 She outlined the case to him,being careful not to leave any