专题01 冠词、名词（教师版）-【备考2024】2019-2023五年高考真题分项整理汇编（新高考地区）.docx

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1、专题01 冠词、名词（解析版）全国各地历年高考真题全收录一、 2023年高考真题1. 2023年新高考卷The meat should be fresh with _43_ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。2. 2023年新高考卷Since June 2017, right before the _36_ (arrive) of

2、 the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing. 【答案】arrival 【解析】考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。3. 2023年新高考卷They also need to be ready to give _41_ (interview) in English with internationa

3、l journalists.【答案】interviews 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。4. 2023全国甲卷However, Casons theme is a more weighty _49_ (warn) about environmental destruction.【答案】warning 【解析】考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中

4、不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。5. 2023全国乙卷.with 21st-century architectural _44_ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.【答案】wonders 【解析】考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders

5、。6. 2023年2月四省联考“You wouldnt believe _42_ success that we have had. In fact, a couple of weeks ago, our office air-conditioning went out.【答案】42. the【解析】考查冠词。句意：你不会相信我们已经取得的成功。修饰名词用冠词，根据句意此处特指“我们已经取得的成功”，故填the。7. 2023年1月浙江卷.almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with histori

6、c _64_ (event).【答案】64. events【解析】考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。8. 2023年1月浙江卷In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hut

7、ongs reflect _65_ culture of grassroots Beijingers.【答案】 the【解析】考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。9.2023年新高考卷Not the pandas, even though _39_ language used for the medical training instructions is actuall

8、y English.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。二、 2022年高考真题1.（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times _ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，

9、将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。2（2022全国甲卷）_ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。3.（2022全国乙卷）To celebrate _ festival, a number of events took place

10、 at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 【答案】the【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。4.（2022年浙江 1月真题）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quar

11、ters of _ time, they agreed.【答案】the【解析】 考查冠词。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。5.（2022.6新高考1卷 语法填空）The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _62_ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and _eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of

12、population in the wild. 【答案】.populations 【解析】 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。6.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _largest_ (large) tea-producing country,

13、 China has a _65_ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 【答案】 responsibility 【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。7.（2022新高考二卷）He saved my _44_ (son) life, said Mrs. Brown.【答案】sons

14、【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填sons。8.（2022新高考二卷） _37_ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.【答案】The 【解析】考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。9.（2022.6浙江卷）The tactile(可触

15、知的)paintings work as a way to show art to _39_ blind because we dont see with just Our eyes.【答案】The【39题解析】考查冠词。句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看；我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”，the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。10.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental _ (protect). 【答案】pro

16、tection【解析】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。11.（2022年浙江 1月真题）When the answer, was no, she, declined the _ （invite）.【答案】invitation【解析】考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。三、 2021年高考真题1.（2021.6新高考1卷

17、 语法填空）While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is10must to visit!【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，must 为名词，表示必须的事，所以前应用冠词，且无特指。故填a。2.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we2(human) are.【答案】humans【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故填human

18、s。3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and9(watchtower) to take pictures.【答案】watchtowers【解析】考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。4.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）.9(activity) there range from whale watching

19、 to hiking （远足） and accommodations aimto have a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动。故填Activities。5.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to becomeeducated about th

20、e areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the2(develop) of the local areas.【答案】development【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。6. （2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）It is calculated by dividing a

21、3(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 254(consider) healthy.【答案】persons【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为persons。7.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）It took us about 3 hour

22、s to go all8way around the Xian City Wall. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配，意为 自始自终，一路上 。故填the。8.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Due to5growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various typesoftrips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet th

23、e following principles:【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。9.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）9Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the

24、needs of their growing family. 【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠词the，the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在1856年把房子扩建为一栋二楼，以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。10.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought itfor 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their3(marry) ceremony in 1842.【答案】marriage【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marryma

25、rriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。11.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）Great improvements in public health have been

26、 brought about byin medical science.A. traditions B. advances C. pressures D. examples【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：由于医学的进步，公共卫生有了很大的改善。A. traditions 传统； B. advance提前、前进； C. pressures压力； D. examples例子。根据句意可知，本空应填advances。故选：B。12.（2021新高考I卷）While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit! 【答案】a【解析】句意为：你在

27、中国的时候,一定要去黄山！泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a.13.（2021全国甲卷）It took us about 3 hours to go all _48_ way around the Xian City Wall. 【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。13.（2020新高考II卷）The plum trees are _ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). 【答案】the

28、【解析】考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。14.（2021新高考II卷）A company _ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】representative【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不

29、定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。四、 2020年高考真题1.（2020新高考I卷语法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of int

30、erest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。2. （2020江苏卷单项填空）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _.A. reservationB. transformationC. distinctionD. submission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提

31、交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。3.（2020新高考II卷语法填空）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。4.（2020浙江卷）Then，with _ rise of science，changes bega

32、n.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着.的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。5.（2020年浙江 1月）A child born in the US today has _very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意：今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且very为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。6

33、.（2020新高考III卷）Filled with _ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。7.（2020年北京卷）Now, lots of_ _(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.【答案】countries【解

34、析】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。8.（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the _ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析

35、句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。9.（2020浙江卷1月）For Japan, the_(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.【答案】numbers【解析】考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。10.（2020山东卷）Historical _ (accurate) is important but so is enter

36、tainment. 【答案】accuracy【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。五、 2019年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】26.Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A

37、. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。2.【2019天津卷单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说

38、明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。3.【2019新高考I卷语法填空】Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。4.【2019浙江卷语法填空】Everybody wears

39、_57_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。5.（2019新高考II卷）When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was _joke. 【答案】a【解析】考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。6.（2019新高考I卷） Leading to a _ (believe) that populations are increasi

40、ng. 【答案】belief【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。7.（2019新高考III卷）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _ (compete)to watch, together with the story behind it. 【答案】competition【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填comp

41、etition。8.（2019浙江卷）Other American studies showed no _(connect) between uniforms and school performance.【答案】connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。9.（2019北京卷）No matter what you like to do, ther

42、e is a way to get involved in various _(activity) on Earth Day.【答案】activities【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。2018年高考真题 1.【2018天津】6. The_ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.

43、A. advice B. orderC. possibility D. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它

44、星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。2.【2018江苏】32. Trytounderstandwhatsactually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A. assignment B. associationC. acquisition D. assumption【答案】D【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。3. 【2018新高考卷I语法填空】Two of

45、 the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。4. 【2018浙江卷语法填空】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。5. 【2018新高考卷II语法填空】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, whi