新目标英语动词中考总复习中考_-中考.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 中考动词辅导策略与习题专练 在英语中动词的使用形式变化多样，这与汉语截然不同，故其用法成为学生学习中的一大难点。英语中动词分四类，即：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词。如何进行中考辅导？一、实义动词 一理解基本用法，运用基本原理指导学习实践，做到有理可依、有据可循，实义动词在句中运用时，分谓语形式和非谓语形式。1谓语形式：当某个实义动词或词组充当句子的谓语时，它的形式随语态、时态以及 主语人称和数的变化而变化。细而言之：2非谓语形式：不定式 意义：动词的非谓语形式，常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后，作主语、宾语动词宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语常表示功能、状语。构成

2、：不定式=to动词原形 否定结构=not to do sth 复合结构=for sb.not to do sth 与疑问词连用：如what to do 在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”：三看look see watch 两听listen hear一感觉feel，注意notice使make让let have帮help可不省。形式主语：当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时，用 it 来代替它，而将真正的主语置于谓语之后，“it”叫形式主语。动名词 意义：动词的非谓语形式，常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前，表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等，起名词作用。作主语、宾语包

3、括介词宾语和动词宾语、表语、定语常表示功能等。构成：动名词=V+ing .否定结构=not doing sth .复合结构=one notdoing sth 现在分词 意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作，表示主动。用法：常作定语单个词前置，短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等。过去分词 意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间已发生的动作。表示被动。用法：常作定语单个词前置，短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等。3举例说明：.I want to give up studying at schoo

4、l to look after my sick mother at home.点拨：作谓语主动语态一般现在时。非谓语发生在谓语之后不定式。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之前动名词。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之后不定式。The teacher told us not to forget to turn off the lights when we left the room 时态 语态 主 动 语 态 被 动 语 态 备 注 一般现在时 原 形 或 三单 is/am/are过去 分词 划线：助动词 一般过去时 过 去 式 was/were 过去 分词 同上 现在进行时 is/am/are 现在分词 is/a

5、m/arebeing 过去分词 同上 过去进行时 was/were 现在分词 was/were being 过去分词 同上 一般将来时 will/shall动 原 will/shallbe 过去分词 同上 be going to动 原 be going tobe 过去分词 Be：is/am/are 过去将来时 would/shoud 动 原 would/shoud be过去分词 划线：助动词 be going to动 原 be going tobe过去分词 Be：was/were 现在完成时 have/has 过去分词 have/has been过去分词 划线：助动词 过去完成时 had 过去

6、分词 had been 过去分词 同上 含情态动词 情态动词 动 原 情态动词be 过去分词 学习必备 欢迎下载 点拨：作谓语主动语态一般过去时。非谓语发生在谓语之后不定式。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之后不定式。作谓语主动语态一般过去时。3Look,There is a boy taking down a picture put upon the wall.点拨：作谓语一般现在时。非谓语相对谓语即时时间正在发生,主动现在分词.非谓语发生在前位非谓语之前表示被动过去分词.二既要求同亦要寻异 凡事都具有共性，又具有个性。不能千篇一律地用某个规则或原理去解决所有问题。因此，在把握 实义动词基本用法的大前

7、提下，教师还要引导、启发、教育学生善于观察、比较、体味个别动词的特殊用 法，做到共性与个性的统一。关于动名词的使用应注意：1介词动名词 如：You can watch TV after fishing your homework.2动词词组动名词 这样的动词有：give in doing 屈服做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事 practice doing 练习做某事 enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 finish doing 做完某事 complete doing 做完某事 end up doing 做完某事 mind do

8、ing 介意做某事 spendin doing 花费时间做某事 cant stand doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 一直做某事 be worth doing 值得做某事 appreciate doing 感激做某事 avoid doing 避免做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事 pay attention to doing 注意做某事 get used to doing 习惯做某事 excuse doing 推辞做某事 give up doing 放弃做某事 carry on doing 坚持做某事 do some reading 读书 make a c

9、ountribution to doing do/washing/swimming洗衣/游泳 为做某事做贡献 look forward to doing盼望做某事 prefer doing to doing与做某事比，take a swimming course 上游泳课 更喜欢做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事 stick doing 坚持做某事 take the leading position 站主导地位 consider doing 考虑做某事 imagine doing 想像做某事 miss doing 错过做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事 risk d

10、oing 冒险做某事 suggest doing 做某事建议 3.下列动词既可接不定式又可接动名词，但意义不同：.like/love/hate doing：表示习惯 例：I like getting up early every morning.to do：表示具体活动 例：Can you come out to play with me?Stop doing：停止做某事某事不做了例：Please stop working if you are tired.to do：停下来去做某事某事要做例：I am tired to have a rest.go on doing：继续做同一件事 例：Go

11、 on studying hard if you want to get better grades.to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he go on to go to college.remember doing：记得做过的事 例：I remember seeing you somewhere.to do：记得要做的事 例：Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the room.forge t doing：忘记做过的事 例：I forget seeing you somewhere to do：忘记要

12、做的事 例：Dont forget to turn off the light when leaving the room .need/want/require doing：表示被动 例 The blackboard needs cleanin gThe blackboard needs to be cleaned.to do：表示主动 例：She needs to have a rest.为学生学习中的一大难点英语中动词分四类即实义动词连系动词情态动词助动词如何进行中考辅导一实义动词一理解基本用法运用基本原理指导学习实践做到有理可依有据可循实义动词在句中运用时分谓语形式和非谓语形式谓语形谓语

13、形式不定式意义动词的非谓语形式常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后作主语宾语动词宾语宾语补足语表语定语常表示功能状语构成不定式动词原形否定结构复合结构与疑问词连用如在下列动词后的不定式省略三看两听真正的主语置于谓语之后叫形式主语动名词意义动词的非谓语形式常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前表示事实爱好功能习惯等起名词作用作主语宾语包括介词宾语和动词宾语表语定语常表示功能等构成动名词否定学习必备 欢迎下载 .try doing：试着做某事 例：Let me try driving for you.to do：尽力做某事 例：We must try to finish it on ti

14、me.continue doing：继续做同一件事 例：Continue studying hard if you want to get better grades.to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he.continue to go to college.cant help doing：情不自禁做某事 例：when he heard the news,he cant help jumping.to do：不能帮助做某事 例：Sorry,I can t help to do it for you.mean .doing：意思做某事 例：What I s

15、aid means not telling him the news now.to do：打算做某事 例：I mean to start off tomorrow.agree.on doing：对做某事表示同意 例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon.to do：同意要做某事 例：I agree to go to the park on Sunday.decide .on doing：对做某事做出决定 例：We have decided on stopping him from woking on.to do：决定要做某事 例：I decide

16、to go abroad for study.encourag e.doing：鼓励做某事例：The government encourages planting trees to protect the environment.sb.to do：鼓励某人做某事 例：The teacher often encourages us to study hard.allow.doing：允许做某事例：We dont allow smoking here.sb.to do：允许某人做某事做 例：We dont allow you to smoke here .advise.doing：建议做某事 例：

17、We advise going skating tomorrow.sb.to do：建议某人做某事 例：We advise you to go skating tomorrow.permit.doing：允许做某事 例：The boss did not permit working for shorter.sb.to do：允许某人做某事 例：The boss did not permitme to work for shorter.begin/start 开始做某事 .doing：“doing”为动态动词或 begin/start为其它时态 例：Lets begin running.to d

18、o：“do”为静态动词或 begin/start已为进行时 例：I began to believe what he had said.例：It is beginning to rain.plan.on doing对做某事做出计划 例：We have decided on building a school next year.to do计划做某事 例：We have decided to build a school next year.三.再现要点，筛取重点，各个击破，做到目标明确，有的放矢。即：将初中三年以来所学过有关实义动词的要点归纳总结，以书面或幻灯形式出示给学生，自己提取难点，教师

19、指导，逐一突破。A aim at 针对agree with sb.同意某人的意见或建议 ask for 请求、索要 addto 把和加起来 ask for a ride 搭车 ask for a day off请一天假 achieve a victory取得胜利 acount for公布、宣布arrive in到达大地方 arrive at到达小地方 argue with 与争吵 apologize to 向道歉 B be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 break up with sb.与某人断绝关系 be used for doing 被用来做某事 be used to

20、do 被用来做某事 break out 爆发 believe in 信任 begin/start with 以开始 belong to 属于 built into把建成 base on以为基础 break off解散解雇 break down 破坏 borrow from 向借 bring sb.sth.把某物给某人带来 bring sth.to sb.把某物给某人带来 beg your parden 再重复一遍 break the rule违规 help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 break into破门而入 buy sb.sth.给某人买某物 buy sth.for sb.给

21、某人买某物 为学生学习中的一大难点英语中动词分四类即实义动词连系动词情态动词助动词如何进行中考辅导一实义动词一理解基本用法运用基本原理指导学习实践做到有理可依有据可循实义动词在句中运用时分谓语形式和非谓语形式谓语形谓语形式不定式意义动词的非谓语形式常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后作主语宾语动词宾语宾语补足语表语定语常表示功能状语构成不定式动词原形否定结构复合结构与疑问词连用如在下列动词后的不定式省略三看两听真正的主语置于谓语之后叫形式主语动名词意义动词的非谓语形式常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前表示事实爱好功能习惯等起名词作用作主语宾语包括介词宾语和动词宾语表语定语常表示功

22、能等构成动名词否定学习必备 欢迎下载 C come into being 形成、出现 come true变为现实 come for a visit来参观 come on 过来、跟着来 come down with抵御、抑制 come back回来 come out of 从里出来 come to do sth.逐渐做某事 come back from work下班回来 come about 发生 come from 来自 come here 来这里 come home 来到家 come to到来 come along出现、发生 come over过来 come into进入里 come in

23、进来 come out 出来come out of从里出来 come up to 向走来 come to the party 来参加聚会 catch up with 赶上catch a fire着火 catch hold of抓住catch a bus赶公共汽车 cut up 切碎 cut in half切成半 cut off切断电源、水源cut in line插队 care for关心、关爱care about 在意call for 号召 call on 拜访 call out 呼喊 call up 给打电话 call sb.at some number 给某人大某个号码 calm down

24、 镇静下来 communicate with 与交流 complain about 抱怨can t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 clean up 清理、打扫干净 carry out 执行 click on 点击 connect to 把和连起来 chat on line网上聊天 check over检查 D drop by 顺便拜访 drop out of school 辍学 drop litter丢垃圾 do an experiment 做实验 do an operation on sb.给某人做手术 do sth.in person 亲自做某事 do business做生

25、意 do exercise 做操 do with 处理 do wrong 做错事 do ones homework 做作业 do some sports做运动 do well in 对学得好 do onelesson 做功课 do the dishes 洗餐具 do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 do onesresolution 做决定要做的事 do harm to对有危害 do some cleaning 扫除 do some reading读书 do some shopping购物 do some cooking做饭 do the laundry 洗衣服 do so

26、me chores 做杂务 deal with 处理 disagree with sb.不同意某人意见 describe as 把描绘为die of 死于直接内因，如疾病、饥渴die from死于间接外因，如车祸、天灾die out 灭绝 drive sb.crazy使某人发疯 drive to开车去 divide into 把分成depend on 依赖decide on doingsth.dry out干涸 dry up 烘干 dream of 梦想draw up 起草、拟定 dress sb.给某人穿衣 dress in穿着 dress up打扮 beat sb.赢了某人 E e-mai

27、l sb.给某人发电子邮件 educate sb.to do sth.教育某人做某事 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 end up doing sth.结束做某事 explain sth.to sb.向某人解释某事 encourage doing sth.鼓励做某事 encourage sb.to sth.鼓励某人做某事 express sb.sth.=express sth.to sb.向某人表达某事 eat up 吃光 F fall over 摔倒、倒塌 fall ill 病倒 fall asleep 入睡 fall in love wit

28、h 爱上、迷恋 fight against 与作斗争 follow the rules 遵守规则 fail the exam考试不及格 find out 查明原因、真相 feel like doing 想做某事 fly a kite 放风筝 fly to 乘飞机去 fit into 适应 fill in=fill out 填充填写 fillwith用填feel sorry for 因而难过 forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事 finish doing sth.做完某事 fold the clothes 叠衣服 G get here/t

29、here 到这里那里 get home 到家 get on 上车、船、飞机等get off 下车、船、飞机等 get up 起来、起床 get down 取下 get to sleep 入睡 get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb.给某人取某物 get good grades 取得好成绩 get out one way to do sth.特地做某事 get rid of 除掉get to 到达 get out of 从里出来 get into 进入 get in the way of 妨碍 get together 集会 get into trouble 陷入困境 get ou

30、t of trouble 脱离困境get used todoingsth.习惯做某事 get to do sth.着手做某事 get ready for 为做准备 get sb.into trouble 使某人陷入困境 get away from 远离get a sore back 背痛 get back to sb.过会儿与某人通话打电话用语get on/along well with 与相处融洽 get to know 认识 get married 结婚 get in touch with 与取得联系 go to 去go home 回家 go there去那里 go back 回去 go

31、out 出去 go out for出去做 go down/along 沿着走 go to school上学 go to college 上大学 go to the doctor去医务室 go to the cinema 去看电影go across穿过平面 go to work上班 go bad变坏 go by流逝时间 go to the lessons去上课 go to the party去聚会 go oneown way 走自己的路 go for a walk 去散步 go sightseeing 去观光 go the same way 同路 go away 走开 go to sleep 入

32、睡 go to bed 上床睡觉 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事 go on with 继续go shopping 去购物 go hiking 去远足 go abroad 出国 go over 复习 go downstairs/upstairs 下楼/上楼 go on a trip 去从事旅游 go in for sports 进行体育运动 give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.把某物给某人 give indoingsth.屈服做某事 give updoingsth.放弃做某事 give away 赠送 give

33、 out 颁发 give back 归还 give off 发出气味等give sb.some advice 给某人提建议 give a talk 作报告 give lessons to sb.给某人上课 give sb.a good beating 好好教训某人一下give back 归还 give sb.a hand 帮某人个忙 grow up 长大 H have a good time 玩得愉快 have a discussion 进行讨论 have a party 举行聚会 have a meeting 开会 have nothing to do with 与无关 have troub

34、le with sth.做某事有困难 have trouble doing sth.费力做某事 have sb.do sth.让某人做某事 have sb./sth.doing .让某人/某物一直做have sb.done 请某人做某事 have fun 玩得愉快 have a fever 发烧 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stamachache 胃痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have fun doing sth.愉快地做某事 have noodles for lunch 午饭吃面条 have a match 举行比赛 have

35、a fight with 与比赛、斗争 have no idea of 不知道 have a hard time doing sth.艰难地做某事 have sth.to do with 与有关 have an accident 发生事故 have supper 吃晚饭 have class 上课 have water 喝水 have a conversation with 与会话 have a look at 看一下 have a talk with 与谈话 have a problem with 做某事有疑难 have difficulty doing.费力做某事 have a good

36、trip 路途愉快 have a try 试一下 have a laugh at 嘲笑.have a pity on sb.为学生学习中的一大难点英语中动词分四类即实义动词连系动词情态动词助动词如何进行中考辅导一实义动词一理解基本用法运用基本原理指导学习实践做到有理可依有据可循实义动词在句中运用时分谓语形式和非谓语形式谓语形谓语形式不定式意义动词的非谓语形式常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后作主语宾语动词宾语宾语补足语表语定语常表示功能状语构成不定式动词原形否定结构复合结构与疑问词连用如在下列动词后的不定式省略三看两听真正的主语置于谓语之后叫形式主语动名词意义动词的非谓语形式常常发生或预定

37、在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前表示事实爱好功能习惯等起名词作用作主语宾语包括介词宾语和动词宾语表语定语常表示功能等构成动名词否定学习必备 欢迎下载 同情某人 have a rest 休息一下 hear of 听说 hear from 收到的来信 hands up 举手 hand in 上交 hand out 分发 hand to 把递给hold up 抓住、握住 hold a meeting 举行会议 hold a game 举行比赛 hold an exhibition 举行展览 happen to do sth.恰巧做某事 hurry up 赶快 hurry off 匆忙离开 help

38、oneself to sth.随便用help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 I Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事 insist on doing sth.坚持做某事 J Join in 穿着 join together 团结起来 join the army 参军 join the party 入党 K Keep out 不让进入 keep down 压低音量等keep a pet 饲养宠物 keep in good mood 保持好心情 keep on doing 一直做某事 keep health

39、y保持健康 keep in good health 保持健康 keep up with 跟上 keep sb.doing 使某人一直做某事 keep off 防御 keep in touch with 与保持联系 knock at=knock on 敲 L Learn by oneself 自学 learnfrom 向学习 learn by heart 记住leave for 离开去某处 leave sth.somewhere 把某物忘在某处leave school 毕业 leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 leave a message for sb.给某人留个口信 l

40、end sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人 lead to 导致 live on以为生 live a happy life 过着幸福的生活 look after 照看 look for 寻找look down on 藐视look up 查找字词等 look over 检查身体等 look forward to 盼望look on as 把看作look at 看 look like 看起来像 look around 环顾 look out当心 look out of 向外面看look through 浏览look the same 看起来一样look inside 向里

41、面看 likebetter较喜欢 like best 最喜欢 like to do sth.喜欢做某事具体活动 like doing sth.喜欢做某事习惯laugh at 嘲笑喜欢做某事具体活动lose touch with 与失去联系 let sb.in 让某人进去 lie dowm 躺下 M Make sb.feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归 make ones mind to do sth.决心做某事 make a face 做鬼脸 make money 挣钱 make fools of sb.愚弄某人 make a journey 旅行 make progress 取得进步

42、 make a countribution to 为做贡献 make a noise 吵闹 make a mistake 犯错误make of由制作看出原材料 make from 由制作看不出原材料 make up of 由组成make a plan 定计划 make one s bed 整理床铺 make a report 编写报告 make sure of 确信make use of 利用make a sentence with 用造句 make a decision 做出决定 make success 取得成功make oneself understood 表达自己的意思make a t

43、eleohone to sb.给打电话 make a survey of 调查make preparation for 为做准备make friends with 与交朋友 make a living 谋生 make a comment about 评论 major in 专修 match with 把和搭配起来 move to 搬到 mention sb.sth.=mention sth.to sb.向某人提到某事 mistakefor把错认为meet with 遇到困难、麻烦等mix up 混合 N Name sb./sth.X 把某人/某物叫做 X O Offer sb.sth.=off

44、er sth.to sb.把某物提供给某人 order sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 open up 完全打开 P play football 踢足球play chess 下棋play cards 打牌play bridge 打桥牌 play the guitar 弹吉他play the violin 弹小提琴 play sports 做运动play games 玩游戏 play with 玩耍play jokes on sb.对某人开玩笑 play the CD.播放 CD.play the music 播放音乐 play a part in 在中扮演角色 play a role

45、 of 扮演的角色play against 与比赛play hide-and-seek捉迷藏 pay for 付款 pay attention to 注意passonsb.sth.=pass sth.to sb.把某物递给pass the exam 通过考试pass by 路过 put on 穿上、上映 put away 把收拾起来 put into 把放入里put up 举起、张贴 put out 熄灭 put off 推迟 prevent sb.fromdoing sth.阻止某人做某事 prefer to do rather than do 与做另一件事相比更喜欢做某事 preferdo

46、ingsth.to doingsth.与相比更喜欢poin to 指向 poin at 指着 poin out 指出 provode sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物 practice doing sth.练习做某事 place an order fo r定购pick up 捡起、拾起 R run away 逃跑 run after 追赶 run out of 用光、从里跑出来run over to 跑过去到 run on靠运行 read sth.to sb.把某物读给某人听 read sth.for sb.替某人读某物 receive a let

47、ter from 收到来信 rain heavily 下大雨 ride a bike 骑自行车 rise up 升起 raise money 筹集资金refer to 涉及、提到 regard as把看作reach out 伸出手等 S send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.把某物送给某人 send up 发射 send an e-mail 发送电子邮件 send for派人请send for 派请 send into 送入里 send away驱逐 send off解雇 shake hands with与握手 stickinto 把插入里 stick doing sth.坚

48、持做某事 stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 stare at 盯着 sell out买光 sell sb.sth.=sell sth.to sb.把某物买给某人 sell sth.for money卖某物赚钱 see a doctor 看医生 see sb.off为某人送为学生学习中的一大难点英语中动词分四类即实义动词连系动词情态动词助动词如何进行中考辅导一实义动词一理解基本用法运用基本原理指导学习实践做到有理可依有据可循实义动词在句中运用时分谓语形式和非谓语形式谓语形谓语形

49、式不定式意义动词的非谓语形式常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后作主语宾语动词宾语宾语补足语表语定语常表示功能状语构成不定式动词原形否定结构复合结构与疑问词连用如在下列动词后的不定式省略三看两听真正的主语置于谓语之后叫形式主语动名词意义动词的非谓语形式常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前表示事实爱好功能习惯等起名词作用作主语宾语包括介词宾语和动词宾语表语定语常表示功能等构成动名词否定学习必备 欢迎下载 行 see a film 看电影 say goodbye to sb.向某人告别 say hello to sb.向某人问好 set up 竖立、建造 set up ones min

50、d on sth.全神贯注于 speak of 讲到 speak highly of 称颂speak English 讲英语 search for 搜索来寻找start to do sth.着手做某事 start with 以开始 spend time/money on sth.=spendtime/money in doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事 spend time with sb.和某人呆在一起 sort into 把划分成 show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.把某物给某人看 show sb.around somewhere领某人参观某处 show up 露