陕西省西安市蓝田县2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题Word版含解析.docx

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1、蓝田县20212022学年度高一第二学期期末质量检测英语试题注意事项：1.本试卷共10页，全卷满分150分,答题时间为120分钟；2 .答卷前，考生须准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证 号；3 .本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大部分组成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写，涂写要工整、清晰;4 .考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1. 5分,满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10

2、秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Whafs the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Friends.B. Waitress and customer.C. Husband and wife.2. Why did the woman get a traffic ticket?A. She made a wrong turn. B. She drove too fast.3. What will the woman do tomorrow morning?A. Have a picnic.B. Go to

3、sleep.4. Where is the post office?A. On Park Road.B. On High Street.5. How much does a camera cost today?A. $ 300.B.$ 150.C. She parked in the wrong place.C. Answer an email.C. On Victoria Road.C. $ 350.第二节（共15小题，每小题1. 5分,满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小

4、题，每小题5秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Why does the man call the woman?All this added salt can raise blood pressure and, with it, the risk of a heart attack and other health problems.Today, 1 in 9 children has raised blood pressure. Theres good news though. Lowering salt intake ca

5、n lower blood pressure.That, of course, is easier said than done. The more salty foods you eat, the more you develop a taste for them. The key to changing your diet is to start small. Small changes in sodium in foods are not usually noticed J Quader says. Eventually, she adds, the effort will reset

6、a kids taste buds （味蕾）so the salt desires stop.Need a little inspiration? Dietitian Bridget Murphy advises focusing on the immediate effects of a diet that is high in sodium. High blood pressure can make it difficult to be active. Do you want to be able to think clearly and perform well in school? s

7、he asks. If youre an athlete, do you want to run faster?99 If you answered yes to these questions, then its time to shake the salt habit.12. What did the recent CDC study find?A. The present advised salt intake is too high.B. Teenagers have good dietary habits.C. American kids have too much salt.D.

8、Proper sodium intake benefits human health.13. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “culprits“ in Paragraph 5?B. Criminals.B. Results.C. Types.D. Surprises.14 What is Quaders advice for kids?A. Eat salt-free foods.C. Have a low-sodium diet.C. Keep away from junk food.D

9、. Take enough exercise regularly.15. According to Murphy, a salty diet will probablyA. help you have a quick mindB. increase your running speedC. make you relatively inactiveD. keep you hungry but spirited【答案】12.C13.A14. B 15. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今儿童摄入过多的盐分，这将对他们的健康造成伤害。文章 分析了摄入过多盐分的原因以及可能产生的后果，

10、并给出了减少盐摄入量的方法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段话 “It found that their average sodium intake was 3,256 milligrams per day. That equals nearly 1.5 teaspoons each day, which is 50% more than current guidelines recommend.（研究发现，他们 每天的平均钠摄入量为3256毫克。这相当于每天近1.5茶匙，比目前指南建议的量多了 50%。）”可 知，美国疾控中心的研究发现，美国青少年的食盐摄入量超标。故选C项。【13题

11、详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后的 “There are other sodium sources - like bread and cold cuts - adding to the salt overload.（还有其他的钠源，如面包和冷盘，增加了盐的过量。）”可知，薯片和其他含盐量高的零食 并不是唯一的罪魁祸首。criminal意为“罪犯”，与句意符合，故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段话 “The key to changing your diet is to start small. Small changes in sodium in foods are not us

12、ually noticed,Quader says. Eventually, she adds, the effort will reset a kids taste buds （味蕾）so the salt desires stop.（改变饮食的关键是从小事做起。“食物中钠的微小变化通常不会被注意到，”夸德 说。最终，她补充道，努力将重置一个孩子的盐欲望停止。）”可知，Quader认为，改变饮食习惯要一点 点地慢慢来，逐渐减少食物中钠地含量，最后孩子的味蕾就会慢慢地适应低盐的食物，对多盐食物的渴 望就会停止。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段话“High blood press

13、ure can make it difficult to be active.（高血压会使运动变得困 难。）”可知，经常吃咸的食物容易引起高血压，而高血压会让人怠惰，不活跃。故选C项。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Using body language will make people more likely to be influenced by you. But they will only be persuaded if they also trust you. So its equally

14、important to use your body language in a way that makes people feel connected. 16.Start with a smile17, but a smile is powerful for you to connect with other people. Big smiles make people think youare warm and confident. People are always more willing to listen to your point of view if they like yo

15、u. A smile is the first step in building a good relationship.Nod your headIf you want people to say “yes” to you, get them nodding in agreement even before you ask a question. If you nod at people, they will feel the urge to do it back. Start by nodding when they talk, as if youre agreeing with thei

16、r statements. 18. watch their reactions. When they are already nodding, they are much more likely tostart agreeing with you.Stand upIf you are standing up while other people you are talking to are sitting, you will gain the upper hand at once. 19. It is important not to stand over them, or to lean i

17、n so much that they feel uncomfortable.20Make sure you dont stay too close to them. If other people lean or step back, you have certainly shown that you are in control. If you want to be someone who has influence and persuasion, you need people to like you, not to be scared of you.A. Lean inB. Shake

18、 handsC. The gesture of leaning in is necessary in talksD. Heres how to use your body language effectivelyE. It sounds so simpleF Standing above them makes them feel that you are more powerfulG. Then, when youre making your own statements【答案】16.D17. E 18. G 19. F 20. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者讲述了在日常生活中使用肢体

19、语言的重要性以及注意事项。【16题详解】上文 “Using body language will make people more likely to be influenced by you. But they will only be persuaded if they also trust you. So its equally important to use your body language in a way that makes people feel connected.（使用肢体语言会使人们更容易受到你的影响。但只有他们信任你，才能说服他们。所以同 样重要的是，使用肢体语言

20、的方式，使人们感到互相有联结。）”主要讲述了肢体语言的重要性，下文从“Start with a smile（从微笑开始）”，“Nod your head（点头）”，“Stand up（站立）”等几个方面介绍了使用 肢体语言时应该注意的事，由此可知，空处引起下文，D项“以下是如何有效地使用肢体语言”符合， 故选Do【17题详解】根据本段标题“Start with a smile（从微笑开始）”可知，本段主要介绍微笑的好处，下文but a smile is powerful for you to connect with other people但是一个微笑对于你和其他人交流是很有力量的。）”指出

21、微 笑是很有力量的，由but可知，空处应该和下文是转折关系，E项“这听起来很简单”符合，其中It代指 本段标题“从微笑开始”，故选E。【18题详解】上文 “Start by nodding when they talk, as if youre agreeing with their statements.（在他们说话的时候点头，就好像你同意他们的说法一样。）”指出和别人说话时首先要点头，结合下文“watch their reactions（观察 他们的反应）”可知，空处应该陈述接下来该怎么做，G项“然后，当你做自己的陈述时”符合，上文“Start”和选项中“Then”相照应，故选G。【19题

22、详解】 上文 “If you are standing up while other people you are talking to are sitting, you will gain the upper hand at once.（如果你在和别人说话的时候站着，而其他人都坐着，那么你会立刻占据上风。）”指出说话时如果 你站着，别人坐着，那么你就会占据上风，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，指出这么做带来的后果，F项“站在他们之上会让他们觉得你更强大”符合，故选F。【20题详解】空处是本段小标题，介绍交谈时需要注意的事项，根据下文“Make sure you dont stay too clo

23、se to them. If other people lean or step back, you have certainly shown that you are in control. If you want to be someone who has influence and persuasion, you need people to like you, not to be scared of you.（别离他们太近。如果其他人 向后倾斜或退后一步，你肯定已经表明你在控制局面。如果你想成为一个有影响力和说服力的人，你需 要人们喜欢你，而不是害怕你。）”可知，本段主要讲要交谈时不要

24、离别人太近，A项“向别人倾斜”符 合，故选A。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1. 5分,满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。It was a normal Monday morning at an assembly （集会），and the old headmaster was giving the students a（n） 21 about important things in life and about devoting ourselves to

25、what is important to us. Thisis 22 the story went: An old man lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morningand go to the 23, where he got the train right to Central London, and then sat at the street corner,24. He did this every single day of his life. He sat at the same stre

26、et comer and begged for almost 20 years.His house was dirty, and it smelled 25 The neighbors could not bear the smell anymore, so they asked the police officers to 26 the place. The officers knocked down the 27 and cleaned the house. There were small bags of money all over the house that he had 28 o

27、ver the years. Ihe police counted the money, and they soon realized that the old man was a 29, They waited outside his house 30 to share thegood news with him.When the old man arrived home that evening, he was met by one of the officers who told him that there was no need for him to beg any more 31

28、he was a rich man now. He said 32 at all; he went into hishouse and locked the door.The next morning he woke up as usual, went to the street and 33 to beg. 34, this old man hadno great plans, dreams or anything important for his life. We learn nothing from this story other than staying35 the things

29、we enjoy doing. We should remain true to our course, which may 36 devoting yourselves to things that people around you may disapprove. Let nothing prevent us from being happy, let nothing else decide our fate （命运）,but 37 What makes us happy is what 38 in the end not what we gain.This particular stor

30、y is one such 39 that I will never forget. Every time I don*t focus on courses, I40_ myself of this story.21.A.planB.struggleC.speechD.approach22.A.whyB.howC.whereD.when23.A.parkB.subwayc.airportD.factory24.A.sleepingB.waitingc.attemptingD.begging25.A.terribleB.deliciousc.pleasantD.serious26.A.contr

31、olB.buyc.clearD.look27.A.doorB.exportc.neighborD.wall28.A.collectedB.spentc.createdD.eased29.A.managerB.millionairec.gentlemanD.doctor30.A.regrettingB.overcomingc.expectingD.reducing31.A.unlessB.becausec.untilD.though32.A.somethingB.anythingc.nothingD.everything33.A.continuedB.foundc.refusedD.forgot

32、34.A.FinallyB.Luckilyc.ObviouslyD.Generally35.A.acted outB.called onc.turned toD.focused on36.A.makeB.meanc.pickD.expand37.A.ourselvesB.himselfc.themselvesD.yourselves38.A.considersB.facesc.losesD.matters39.A.awardB.lessonc.balanceD.diet40.A.remindedB.admittedc.accountedD.tried【答案】2LC22. B23.B 24. D

33、25. A26. C 27. A28. A29. B 30. C 31.B32. C 33. A34. C 35. D36. B37.A 38. D39. B40. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲到作者在校长的演讲里听到的关于致力于自己觉得重要的事情的故事。这个故事让作者意识到只有自己才能决定自己的命运，决定什么才能让自己快乐。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是一个普通的星期一早晨，老校长正在给学生们做一个关于生活中重要的 事情以及献身于对我们来说重要的事情的演讲。A. plan计划；B.struggle奋斗；C.speech演讲；D.approach方法。根据上文的名词ass

34、embly可知，在集会上应该是发表演讲，所以此处用speech表示“演 讲”符合语境。故选C项。【22题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：故事是这样的：在伦敦的某个地方住着一位老人，他每天早上醒来后都会去 坐地铁，然后在地铁上坐上直达伦敦市中心的火车，然后坐在街角乞讨。A. why为什么；B. how如何； C. where哪里；D. when当时。根据下文“the story went（故事开展）”可知，此处用how来表示故事是“如何”开展，符合语境。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. park公园;B. subway地铁;C.airport机场;D.factory工厂。

35、根据 下文的定语从句uwhere he got the train right to Central London（他在那里搭上了直达伦敦市中心的火车）” 可知，先行词应该是一个和火车相关的地点名词，所以此处用subway表示“地铁”符合语境。故选B 项。【24题详解】考查动名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. sleeping睡觉；B. waiting等待；C.attempting尝试；D. begging乞 讨。根据下文 “He sat at the same street comer and begged for almost 20 years.（他坐在同一个街角乞讨 了将近 20年）”可知，

36、他是一个乞讨者，所以此处用begging作伴随状语表示“乞讨”符合语境。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他的房子又脏又臭。A. terrible糟糕的;B. delicious美味的；C. pleasant愉 快的；D. serious 严肃的。根据下文 “The neighbors could not bear the smell anymore（邻居们再也受不了这 种味道了）”可知I,他的房子的味道应该是难闻的，所以此处用smell terrible表示“难闻的”符合语境。 故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们再也不能忍受这种气味了，所以他们要求警察清理

37、这个地方。A.control 控制；B.buy 买;C. clear 清理；D. look 看。根据上文 “The neighbors could not bear the smell anymore（邻居们再也受不了这种味道了）”可知，邻居对这种味道难以忍受，说明老人的住所需要打扫清 理了，所以此处用clear表示“打扫、清理”符合语境。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察们推开了门，打扫了房子。A. door H； B. export出口； C.neighbor邻 居；居wall墙壁。根据下文“and cleaned the house（打扫了房子）”可知,应该是推开门打扫

38、房子，所以此 处用door表示“门”符合语境。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：房子里到处都是他多年来收集的小包钞票。A. collected收集；B.spent花费； C. created创造；D. eased放松。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，因为先行词为money,所以空格 处应该用collect表示近几年“收集”的钱，符合语境。故选A项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察数了数钱，他们很快意识到那位老人是个百万富翁。A. manager经理；B. millionaire 百万富翁；C. gentleman 绅士； D. doctor 医生。根据下文 “he w

39、as a rich man now（他现在是个有 钱人了）”可知，下文警察告诉他他已经是有钱人了，所以此处用millionaire表示“百万富翁”符合句 意。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动名词词义辨析。句意：他们等在他的房子外面，期待和他分享这个好消息、。A. regretting后悔、遗 憾；B. overcoming 克服；C. expecting 期待；D. reducing 降低。根据下文 “share the good news with him（和 他分享这个好消息）”可知，因为是好消息，所以肯定是期待和他分享，所以此处用expect表示“期待” 符合语境。故选C项。【31题详解】

40、考查连词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，当老人回到家时，一个警察来迎接他，告诉他不必再乞讨了，因 为他现在是一个富人了。A. unless除非；B,because因为；C.until直到；D.though尽管。根据上文“he was met by one of the officers who told him that there was no need for him to beg any more（他遇至了一个警 官，告诉他没有必要再乞讨了）”可知，不用乞讨是因为他是有钱人了，所以此处用because表原因，符 合语境。故选B项。【32题详解】考查不定代词辨析。句意：他什么也没说；他回到家里，

41、锁上了门。A. something某事；B. anything任何 事；C. nothing 没有什么；D. everything 每件事。根据下文“he went into his house and locked the door（他走 进房子锁上了门）”可知，后文也没有提到老人说了什么话，由此判断老人什么都没说就进了家门，所以 此处用nothing表示“什么都没说”符合语境。故选C项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，他像往常一样醒来，走到街上继续乞讨。A. continued继续；B. found发现；C. refused拒绝；D.forgot忘记。根据上文的as us

42、ual和空格后的beg可知，此处应该是像往 常一样，“继续”乞讨，符合语境。故选A项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，这个老人没有什么伟大的计划，梦想或任何对他的生活重要的事情。A. Finally最终；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Obviously明显地；D. Generally大概地。根据上文第13题可知， 老人被告知自己是有钱人以后，第二天还是按照之前习惯继续上街乞讨，说明老人没有因为自己有钱而 改变，应该也没有其他计划，所以此处用Obviously表示“显然”这个老人没有伟大计划，符合语境。故 选C项。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们从这个故事中学不到任何东

43、西，除了专注于我们喜欢做的事情。A. acted out把表演出来；B. called on拜访；C. turned to转向、求助于；D. focused on专注于、聚焦于。根据老人坚持20多年的行为，说明这个故事告诉我们要坚持自己的喜欢的事情，所以此处用focused on ”专 注于符合语境。故选D项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该忠于我们 事业，这可能意味着你要投身于你周围的人可能不赞成 的事情。A. make制作；B. mean意味着；C.pick采摘；D. expand扩展。根据上文“We should remain true to our course（我们应该

44、忠于我们的事业）”可知，下文的短语devote to与上文的短语true to呼应，所以空 格处用mean表示“意味着”符合语境。故选B项。【37题详解】考查反身代词辨析。句意：让任何事情阻止我们快乐，让任何事情决定我们的命运，除了我们自己。A. ourselves我们自己；B. himself他自己；C. themselves他们自己；D. yourselves你们自己。根据上文“let nothing else decide our fate（另I让别的东西来决定我们的命运）”可知，此处用ourselves与上文的our相呼 应，故选A项。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们快乐的

45、是最终我们得到了什么，而不是我们得到了什么。A. considers 考虑；B. faces面对；C. loses丢失；D. matters事关紧要。根据本句中的主语从句“What makes us happy is（让我们快乐的是）”可知，此处指使我们快乐的事情应该是最终对我们事关紧要的事，所以此处用 matter表示“事关紧要”符合语境故选D项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个特别的故事就是这样一个教训，我永远不会忘记。A. award奖品；B. lesson课、教训|； C. balance平衡；D. diet饮食。根据空格后的“I will never forget（我将永远

46、不会忘记）” 可知，此处用lesson表示“经验、教训”符合语境。故选B项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我不专注于课程的时候，我就会想起这个故事。A. reminded提醒、使想 起；B. admitted承认;C.accounted把视为;D. tried试图。分析句意再根下文的of可知,此处用固定短语remind sb of sth表示“使某人想起某事”符合语境。故选A项。第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1. 5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ethiopia has broken the world record for t

47、he largest number of trees planted in one day, while simultaneously (同时) 41 (make) the world a little greener. Ethiopians planted more than 350 million 42 (tree) in just 12 hours earlier this week. This broke the previous record, held by India, by 50 million trees. Ethiopias Minister of Innovation and Technology 43 (proud) stated that people ha