初中英语口语能力培养课件.ppt

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1、初中英语口语能力的培养陕西学前师范学院李娟2015年10月31日n I.Gettingtoknoweachothern II.EvaluationCriteriaofstudentsoralcompetencen III.Factorsthatinfluencestudentsoralperformancen IV.ThingsthatwecandotohelpstudentsimprovetheiroralperformanceI.Getting to know each othern Self-introductionn Whyareyouhere?(Whatdoyouexpecttole

2、arnfromthislecture?)n WhatareyourstrongpointsandweakpointsinspeakingEnglish?n WhatproblemsonoralEnglishhaveyoumetinteaching?II.Evaluation Criteria of students oral competencen 语言技能目标（课程标准2011版 三级）n 1、能在课堂活动中用简短的英语进行交际；2、能就熟悉的话题进行简单的交流；3、能在教师的指导下参与简单的游戏和角色扮演活动；4、能利用所给提示(如图片、幻灯片、实物、文字等)简单描述一件事情；5、能提供有

3、关个人情况和个人经历的信息；6、能讲述简单的小故事；7、能背诵一定数量的英语小诗或歌谣，能唱一些英语歌曲；8、能在上述口语活动中语音、语调基本正确。n 语言技能目标（课程标准2011版 四级）n 1、能根据提示给出连贯的简单指令；n 2、能引出话题并进行几个回合的交谈；n 3、能在教师的帮助下或根据图片用简单的语言描述自己或他人的经历；n 4、能在教师的指导下参与角色扮演等活动；n 5、能在上述口语活动中使用正确的语音、语调。n 语言技能目标（课程标准2011版 五级）n 1、能就简单的话题提供信息，表达简单的观点和意见，参与讨论；n 2、能与他人沟通信息，合作完成任务；n 3、能在口头表达中

4、进行适当的自我修正；n 4、能有效地询问信息和请求帮助；n 5、能根据话题进行情景对话；n 6、能用英语表演短剧；n 7、能在以上口语活动中语音、语调自然，语气恰当。“说”的过程第一阶段：仿说。第二阶段：说出单词和句子。第三阶段：描述或讲述。2023/7/30 8III.Factors that influence students oral performancen 1、传统教学的不良影响（方式刻板，重读写，轻听说，作业以笔头为主，轻口头）n 2、心理障碍的影响（自信不足，不敢开口）n 3、缺少英语交际的氛围（非目的语环境，课堂是主要场所，但教师上课时英语用得较少，常常冷场，鼓励和激励之下无

5、人响应）n 4、重视程度不够（考试不考口语，教学只停留在词汇、语法和语言点上，口语活动流于表面，结果学生只会读，不会说）2023/7/30 9III.Factors that influence students oral performancen 1、发音不准；n 2、不敢说，怕犯错，声音小；n 3、想说不知道怎么说；n 4、表达方式不正确；n 5、缺乏说的热情。2023/7/30 10产生问题的原因是什么？n 1、听力输入不够；n 2、语音训练不够；n 3、说的基础训练不够；n 4、课堂机械操练过多，意义性和综合性操练过少。n 5、课堂操练时缺少情景。n n 基础知识，基本技能的掌握欠缺；

6、n 出现问题的主要原因在课堂教学。IV.Things that we can do to help students improve their oral performancen 1、加强听力输入n 2、加强语音教学n 3、加强说的基础训练n 4、在有意义的练习中熟练语言（课堂练习+第二课堂）2023/7/30 12n 问题讨论：n 1、如果是新课，你什么时候让学生听录音？n 2、一节课能听几次？都是在什么时候听？n 3、留听、说的作业吗？n 4、用英语授课的比例？1、在学生开口前先听。2、在学习过程中跟读模仿，在学生不会说时再听。3、留听、说的作业。4、尽可能用英语授课。策略一，加强听力输

7、入Classroom Englishn 1.问候（Greeting）Hello，boys and girlsGood morning，classeveryoneeverybodyboys and girlsGood afternoon，classeveryoneeverybodyboys and girlsHow are you today？Im sorry Im late./Excuse me for coming late.2.考勤（Checking attendance）n Whos on duty today？Is everyoneeverybody herepresent？Is an

8、yone away？Is anybody away？Is anyone absent？Is anybody absent？Whos absent？Whos away？Where is heshe？Try to be on timeDont be late next timeGo back to your seat，pleaseWhat day is it today？Whats the date today？Whats the weather like today？3.上课（Beginning a class）n Lets start nowLets begin our classlesson

9、 Lets get ready for class.Class begins.First，lets do some reviewWhat did we learn In the last class？Who can tellremember what we did In the last class yesterday？Now were going to do something newdifferentWe have some now wordssentences4.提起注意（Directing attention）n Ready？Are you ready？Go.Did you get t

10、here？Do you understand？Can you follow me?/Is that clear？Any volunteers？Do you know what to do？Be quiet，pleaseQuiet，pleaseListen，pleaseListen carefully，pleaseListen to the tape recorderthe recording,please.Look carefully，pleaseLook over here,pleaseWatch carefully,please Please look at the black-board

11、picturemapPlease Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation5.课堂活动（Classroom activities）n Start！Start nowEverybody togetherAll togetherPractice in a groupPractice In groupsIn groups，pleaseGet into groups of threefourEvery body find a partnerfriendIn pairs，pleaseOne at a timeLets do It one by oneNow

12、 you，pleaseYour turn（Students name）Next，pleaseNow you do the same，pleaseLets actLets act outdo the dialogueWho wants to be A？Practice the dialogue，pleaseNow Tom will be A，and the other half will be BPlease take（play）the part ofn WhoseturnisIt？Itsyourturn.Waityourturn，pleaseStandinlineLineupOnebyoneO

13、neatatime，pleaseIntwosInpairsDontspeakoutTurnaround6.请求（Request）and鼓励（Encouraging）n Could you please try It again？Could you please try the next one？Will you please help me？Would you like to have a try?Try your bestDo your bestThink it over and try againDont be afraidshy Take it easy.Come on.You can

14、do it.Come on,youre almost there.Ill give you a clue(hint).7.指令（Issuing a command）n Read after me，pleaseFollow me，pleaseDo what I do Repeat，pleaseRepeat after meOnce more，pleaseOne more time，pleaseCome here，pleasePlease come to the frontCome up and write on the blackboardchalkboardCome and write It

15、on the blackboardPlease go back to your seatIn English，pleasePut your hand up，pleaseRaise your hand，pleasePut your hands down，pleaseHands down，pleaseSay itWrite it in ChineseEnglishPlease take out your booksn Please open your books at pageFind pageTurn to PagePlease answer the questionquestionsPleas

16、e answer my questions.Please read this letterwordsentence out loudPlease read out this letterwordsentencePlease stop nowStop now，pleaseStop here，pleaseClean up your deskthe classroom，pleaseIts cleanup timeTidy up your deskthe classroomClean off your deskPick up the scrapsClean the blackboardPlug in

17、the taperecorder，pleasePut the taperecorder away,pleasePut the tape in its boxcassetteListen and repeatLook and listenRepeat after meFollow the wordsFastQuickly！Be quick，pleaseHurry！Hurry up，pleaseSlow down，pleaseBring me some chalk，please 8.评价 n Good，thank youGoodVery goodGod jobGood workGood examp

18、leA good answerNice workExcellentGreat！Well done Thats Interesting！Dont worry about ItNo problemOK！Thats OKI dont think soA good try Not bad.9.布置作业（Setting homework）n FortodayshomeworkPracticeafterclassPracticeathomeSayitoutloud，beforeyouwriteItdownCopyPrintWriteeachwordtwiceRemember（Memorize）thesew

19、ordssentencesLearnthesewordsthesesentencesthistextbyheart10.下课（Dismissing the class）n Handinyourworkbooks，pleaseTimeisupThebellisringingTheresthebellTheregoesthebellLetsstophereThatsallfortodayClassisoverGoodbyeByeSeeyounexttime其他n 给词标重音。Markthewordstress.n 仿照例句做下列各题。Dothefollowingaftermodel.n 把下列句子

20、变成复数形式。Putthefollowingintopluralform.n 用过去进行时完成句子。Completethesentenceswiththepastcontinuoustense.n 根据短文编写对话。Makeadialogueaccordingtothepassage.n 用自己的话缩写短文。Shortenthetextinyourownwords.n 看图，用所给的词写一个200 字以内的故事。Lookatthepicturesandthewordsgiven,writeastorynomorethan200words.n 完成对话。Completethedialogue.n

21、 写出下列词的复数形式。Givethepluralformsofthewords.n 下面自己读课文，有问题可以问。Nowreadthetextyourselves.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcanaskme.n 你们最好默读课文。Youdbetterread(thetext)silently.n 默读有利于更好地理解。Readingsilentlycanhelpyouunderstandbetter.n 我们进行测试。Letshaveatest.n 帮我发卷。Helpmehandoutthepaper.n 把卷子往下传。Handonthepaper.n 十分钟答完。Y

22、oumustfinishitintenminutes.n 好了，时间到了，请交卷。OK/Well,timeisup.Handinyourpapers,please.n 布置家庭作业。Nowhomework.n 完成练习册上的练习。Finishofftheworkbookexercises.n 完成课堂上未做的题。Finishtheexerciseundoneinclass.n 复习要点八。ReviseCheckpoint8.n 写第九课生词与短语。WriteoutthewordsandphrasesinLesson9.n 读第二部分对话，编一段相似的对话。ReadthedialogueinPa

23、rt2andmakeasimilarone.n 给朋友写封短信。Writeashortlettertoyourfriend.n 复习这单元的词汇和语言结构，灵活运用。n Revisethenewvocabularyandstructuresinthisunit,thenmakegoodfulluseofthem.n 记住103 页总结的内容。LearnthecontentsofthesummaryonPage103.n 把答案写在一张纸上。Writedowntheanswerstothequestionsonapieceofpaper.n 练习when 和if 引导的从句。Practice“w

24、hen”and“if”clauses.n 用下列句型造句。Makesentenceswiththefollowingsentencepatterns.n 默写生词。Writethenewwordsfrommemory.n 抄写课文最后一部分。Copythelastpartofthetext.n 背诵课文第一自然段。Recitethefirstparagraphofthetext.n 预习形容词，副词的比较级和最高级。n Preparethecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofadj.andadv.n 读80 页上的短文，在词典中查找生词，并简要复述这个故事。Rea

25、dtheshortpassageonPage80andlookupthenewwordsinyourdictionaries.Retellthestorybriefly.n 你不应该那样做。Youshouldnthavedonethat.n 做事要三思而后行。Thinkitoverbeforeyouact.n 回头/一会见。Seeyou(soon/later)n 暑假到了。Thesummerholiday/vacationcomes.n 祝你们假期愉快！n Wishyouagoodholiday!Haveagood/nice/wonderfultimein/duringtheholiday!n

26、 祝你们好运！Wishyougoodluck!Goodlucktoyou!n 祝你们旅途愉快！Goodtriptoyou!Haveagoodtrip!n 别忘了完成假期作业。Remembertofinishyourvacationwork.n 你必须写日记，早晨大声朗读。Youmustkeepadiaryandreadaloudinthemorning.n 记住，安全第一。Remembersafetyfirst.n 咱们常联系。Keepintouchwithme.n 如果你们遇到不理解的题，可以写信问。n Ifyoucomeacrosspuzzlingquestions,youcanwrite

27、theminyourletters.n 欢迎假期到我家来玩。Welcomeyoutomyhomeduringtheholiday.n 好，下学期见。OK.Seeyounextterm.n 欢迎你们返校。Welcomeyoubacktoschool.n 很高兴又见到你们。Glad/Nicetomeetyouagain.n 时间过得真快呀！Howtimeflies!/Howfasttimegoesby!n 一个月很快过去了。Amonthpassedquickly.n 你们假期进得好吗？Didyouhaveagoodtimeintheholiday?n 假期你们都到哪去了？Wherehaveyoub

28、een?Wheredidyougofortheholiday?n 都看到什么了？Whathaveyouseenthere?n 你的暑假是怎样度过的？Howdidyouspendyourholiday?n 讲一讲你的假期生活好吗？Will/Wouldyousaysomethingaboutyourholiday?n 给我们讲一讲你遇见的最有趣的事。n Tellusthemostinterestingthingsyouhaveseen/met.n 你参加了哪些有益/意义的活动？Whatrewarding/instructiveactivitiesdidyouattend/takepartin?n

29、假期有哪些收获？Whathaveyoulearntintheholiday?Whatrewardhaveyougained/gotinthevacation?n 新学期开始了，你们应该有一个新起色。Newtermbegins,youshouldhaveanewstart.n 你们应该收回心来学习。Youshouldgetyourmindsbacktostudy.n 一寸光阴一寸金。Timeismoney.n 你们一定要好好学习，天天向上。Youmuststudyhardandmakeprogresseveryday.n 你们应该互相学习，互相帮助。Youshouldlearnfromeacho

30、therandhelpeachothern 再细读一遍课文，然后回答练习册24 页上的问题。n Readitindetail/morecarefullyforthesecondtime,thenanswertheanswerquestionsonPage24ofyourworkbooks.n 找出疑难点。Findoutthedifficultiesandwhatyoudontunderstand.n 谁能帮他解答这个问题？Whocanhelphimwiththequestion?Whocanhelphimout?n 你最好用英语说。YoudbettersayitinEnglish.n 如果你用

31、英语说有困难，可以用汉语。YoumaysayitinChineseifyouhavedifficultyinspeakingEnglish/cantspeakitinEnglish.n 好，我告诉你们这两个句子的区别。OK.Itellyouthedifferencesbetweenthetwosentences.n 这两个词有什么不同？Whatsthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?n 请举例说明。(Giveus)Anexample,please.n 这个词可以这样用。Wecanuseit(in)thisway/likethis.n 例如，Forexample/ins

32、tance.n 现在你能区分A 和B 吗？CanyoutellAfromBnow?n 分组讨论。OK.Nowletshaveadiscussioningroupsoffour.n 我提一个问题供大家讨论Igiveyouaquestionfordiscussion.n 你认为这篇文章怎么样？Whatdoyouthinkofthearticle?Howdoyoulikethearticle?Howdoyoufindthearticle?n 你从课文中学到了什么？Whathaveyoulearnedfromthetext?n 别着急，慢慢来。Dontworry.Takeiteasy!n 别紧张，慢点

33、说。Dontbenervous.Nohurry/takeyourtime.n 看图复述课文。Lookatthepicturesandretellthetext.n 看黑板上的关键词，复述课文。Lookatthekeywordsontheblackboardandretellthetext.n 谁愿试一试？Whowantsatry/go?Whowanttotry/haveago?Whowouldliketohaveatry?Volunteer,anyvolunteers?n 还能说吗？/还有吗？Anymore(aboutit)?n 谁能补充？Whocansaymoreaboutit?Whohas

34、anythingtoadd?n 我们来唱首歌，轻松一下。Letssingasongtorelaxourminds.n 我们来做一个游戏，轻松轻松。Letsplayagametorelaxforamoment.n 回过头来做练习，请看幻灯片。Comebacktotheexercises.Pleasewatchtheslideshow.n 看投影练习。Lookattheprojectionexercises.n 第一题，填写所缺单词。No.1/Exercise One.Fill in the missing words.n 第二题，用适当词填空。No.2/Exercise 2.Fill in th

35、e blanks with proper words.n 用所给词的适当形式填空。Fill in the blanks with the right form of the word given.n 完成单词并朗读。Complete the words and read them out.n 同义句转换，使两句意思相同。Make the two sentences have the same meaning.n 改错，每题只有一处。Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.Only one in each sentence.n 给每空选择正

36、确答案。Choose the correct/best answer for each blank.n 按要求改写下列句子。Rewrite the sentences according to the requiring.n 就划线部分提问。Turnthefollowingintoquestionsaccordingtotheunderlinedpart.n 把下列句子变成否定句。Makethefollowingintonegative.n 把下列句子变成问句，并写在作业本上。Turnthefollowingintoquestionsandwritetheminyourexercisebook

37、.n 用动词的正确形式填空。Fillintheblankswiththerightverbforms.n 找出划给部分读音与其它不同的词。Findthewordwithadifferentsound.(ineachgroup)n Findthewordwhichhasadifferentsoundfromtheothers.n 重新安排句子顺序。Re-arrangethesentences/Putthesentencesintherightorder.n 用适当的连词连接两个句子。Joineachpairofthesentences/thetwosentenceswithproperconju

38、nction.n 选出与划线部分的意思最接近的选项。Choosetheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart.n 找出划线部分的最佳汉语释译。FindthebestChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedpart.n 根据汉语完成句子。CompletethesentencesaccordingtotheChinese(meaning)n 词和词组释译。Matchthewordsorphrases.n 连词成句。Formsentenceswiththewordsgiven.n 根据答语写出问句。Writequestionsaccordingtot

39、heanswers.n 写出下列缩写形式。Writedowntheshortformsofthefollowing.n 写出动词的过去式和过去分词形式。Givethepastandpastparticipleformsoftheverbs.n 给划线词选正确音标。Choosetherightsoundoftheunderlinedword.2023/7/30 42n 策略二，加强语音教学n 语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之一。自然规范的语音、语调将为有效的口语交际打下良好的基础。语音教学应注重语义与语境、语调与语流相结合，不要一味追求单音的准确性。n 英语课程标准2011版2023/7/30 4

40、3n 问题一，初中英语的语音知识包含哪些？n 课标五级要求n 1、了解语音在语言学习中的意义；n 2、了解英语语音包括发音、重音、连读、语调、节奏等内容；n 3、在日常生活会话中做到语音、语调基本正确、自然、流畅；n 4、根据重音和语调的变化理解和表达不同的意图和态度；n 5、根据读音拼写单词和短语。2023/7/30 44n 语音教学要注意：n 分散学习和集中学习相结合n 分散学习是指与平时的教学相结合；分散学习语音是集中时间学习语音的基础，这样有利于提高学习效率。n 集中学习是指用一节或是半节课的时间专门学习语音。n Revision of English phonetics transc

41、riptionsn Canyoupronouncethis26letterscorrectly?ABCDEFGHIJkLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ读读下面两组句子:Hebeatme.Hebitme.Didhelivehere?Didheleavehere?Revision of English phonetics transcriptionsn 1.Comparethefollowingtwovowels:deepdipwheatwitgreengrinpeakpickfeelfillseatsitbeachbitchdeeddidn begbagbitbetsaidsadlidledpet

42、pathillhellpenpantintenn knownowpeerpearpoorn oatoutteartaretourn tonetownmeremaremoorn loadloudsheersharesuren coatdoubtn Saidzmouthmouthssickthickn Ricerisethighthyfacefaithn Hisshisethereitherseemthemen Priceprizebathbathemousemouthn Closingclothingsakeshaken Breezebreathesewshown Baysbathesocksh

43、ockn Zoosthosefastenfashion2.Linking(连读)n 连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过。(连读符号：)n(1)“辅音+元音”型连读n 在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。n ImanEnglishboy.n Itisanoldbook.n Letmehavealookatit.n MsBlackworkedinanofficeyesterday.n Icalledyouhalfanhourago.n Putiton,p

44、lease.n Notatall.n Pleasepickitup.n(2)“r/re+元音”型连读n 如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。n Theyremyfatherandmother.n Ilookedforithereandthere.n Thereisafootballunderit.n Therearesomebooksonthedesk.n Hereisaletterforyou.n Herearefoureggs.n Butwhereismycup?n Whereareyourbrothera

45、ndsister?n(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读n 英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。n Thankyou.n Nicetomeetyou.n Didyougettherelateagain?n Wouldyoulikeacupoftea？n Couldyouhelpme,please?n(4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。n IamChinese.n Heisveryfriendlytome.n ShewantstostudyEnglis

46、h.n Howandwhydidyoucomehere?n Shecantcarryit.n Itlltakeyouthreehourstowalkthere.n Thequestionistooeasyforhimtoanswer.n(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。n Isitahatoracat?（hat与or之间不可以连读）n Thereisagoodbookinmydesk.（book与in之间不可以连读）n CanyouspeakEnglishorFrench?（English与or之间不可以连读）n Shallwem

47、eetateightortentomorrowmorning?（meet与at，eight与or之间不可以连读）n Sheopenedthedoorandwalkedin.（door与and之间不可以连读）3.Incomplete plosion(不完全爆破）n 6个爆破音（plosive）有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/n 爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。这些音有6个,即/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/和/g/。但在某些情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,并稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这个爆破音的

48、准备,但不要发出音来),这样的发音过程叫作不完全爆破。n(1)“爆破音+爆破音”型n 6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。n Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.n Thebi(g)busfromthefactoryisfullofpeople.n Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?n Thisisanol(d)pictureofabi(g)car.n Theol(d)doctorhasaca

49、(t),too.n Weregoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.n Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?n Itsaverycol(d)day,butitsagoo(d)day.n Youcanputi(t)downinthebi(g)garden.n Iboughtachea(p)book,butitsagoo(d)book.n(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音，其后紧跟着某些摩擦音（fricative）（如/f/v/s/z/h/等），那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破，而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。n ri

50、(ck)shawbes(t)sellernee(d)fuln are(d)skirtato(p)studentagoo(d)restn Ili(ke)po(p)songs.n Haveyouvisite(d)Vietnna?n(3)爆破音+破擦音（affricate）n Eg：abi(g)chance,n agoo(d)job,n ri(pe)cherriesabla(ck)jeep(4)爆破音+m、n、ln Goo(d)morning,Mr.Bell.Goo(d)morning,dear.UncleLisfa(c)toryisqui(te)neartothecinema.Iwen(t)the