主谓一致-课件ppt.ppt

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1、火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去“一 一致 致”是 是指 指句 句子 子成 成分 分之 之间 间或 或词 词语 语之 之间 间在 在性 性、数 数等 等方 方面 面应 应保持一致。保持一致。“主 主谓 谓一 一致 致”是 是指 指谓 谓语 语动 动词 词与 与主 主语 语必 必须 须在 在人 人称 称、性 性、数 数上 上保 保持 持一 一致 致,即 即主 主语 语是 是复 复数 数,谓 谓语 语也 也用 用复

2、复数 数形 形式 式,如 如are,are,were,were,have have等 等,主 主语 语是 是单 单数 数,谓 谓语 语要 要用 用单 单数 数形 形式 式,如 如:is,is,was,was,has,has,works works等。等。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则 在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去意义一致的原则(一)谓语动词为单数的情况(一)谓语动词为单数的情况 1.由and 连接的并列成分指的是

3、同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.(那个工人兼作家)(比 较:The worker and the writer are from Beijing.那 位 工 人 和 那位作家)Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.2.Every and(every),each and(each,no and(no),many a and(many a)连接两个单数名词作主语。Every desk and every chair is made of wood.Many a boy and

4、girl has made the same mistake.3.one/every one/each/either/the number+of+复数名词作主语。Each of the students has a book.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.5.以s 结 尾

5、的 词,但 表 示 学 科、国 家、机 构、书 籍、报 刊 等 名 称 作主语。Maths is one of my favourite subjects.6.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.7.由every-,any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body 等 所 构 成 的 不 定 代 词作主语。Is everyone here today?8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Collecting stamps is what he likes.W

6、hatever was left was taken away.9.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去(二)谓语动词为复数的情况(二)谓语动词为复数的情况 1.由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.2.people,police,cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police are looking for the missing child.3.goods,stairs,arms 等名词作主

7、语。The goods were sold out.4.由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.5.a number of/quantities of/a group of+名词作主语。A number of students are reading books in the classroom.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 1.集 体 名

8、词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group 等 作 主语。强调整体用单数,指个个成员用复数。His family is a great one.His family are music lovers.2.means,works,pains 等词,根据主语表达的概念而定。The steel works is near the station.Two new steel works are being built.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散

9、逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去3.“kind,“kind,sort,sort,pair,pair,type type+名 名 词 词”作 主 语,以 这 些 名 词 本 身 的 单复数而定。The kind of paper is made of straw.Some kinds of animals are dying out.4.all,none,some,any 等 不 定 代 词 作 主 语,根 据 其 指 代 的 内 容而定。All are present.All the food tastes good.5.“half“ha

10、lf/most most/enough enough/part part/the the rest rest/the the last last/lots lots/plenty plenty/分数、百分数 分数、百分数+of+of+名词 名词”作主语:谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。Two thirds of the students are girls in our class.Two thirds of building was painted.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去就近一致原则 由 由o

11、r or,either either or,or,neithernor,neithernor,not not onlybut onlybut also also 等 等 连 连 接 接 的 的 并 并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。Not only he but also I am invited.Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.但注意:但注意:“with“with/along along with with/together together

12、with with/including including/but but/except except/like like/among among/as as well well as as/no no more more than than/besides besides/rather rather than than+名 名 词 词”置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛

13、毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去 在there be 表存在的句式中,主语是两个或多个名词(短语)的并列时,be 的形式与最前边的一个名词(短语)一致。如:There is a pen,two knives and several books on the table.There are two knives,a pen and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如:Between the two buildings stands a monument.两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。On the sh

14、ip were over 2,200 people.More than 1,500 people lost their lives.Among those was the young woman.船上有2,2001 人,1,500 多人丧生,这位年轻妇女也在其中。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?We Chinese _ a hard-working people A is B are C is being D are being 此 题 应 选B B。这

15、 里 应 注 意 的 是:我 们 通 常 说 的 是 主 谓 一 致(即谓 语 与 主 语 保 持 一 致),而 不 是 表 谓 一 致(即 不 是 谓 语 与 表 语 一 致),本题意为:我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子:注意以下类似例子:These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is

16、watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies 火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去集合名词作主语,谓语的数如何确定集合名词作主语,谓语的数如何确定?1His family _ a small one 2His family _ fat and short A is,is B are,are C is,are D are,is 此 题 应 选C C。family 是 一 个 集 合 名 词,具 有 单 数(侧 重 指 整 体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可

17、能。类似这种用法的词主要的有:team(队,队 员),class(班,班 上 的 全 体 学 生),crowd(人 群),government(政 府),crew(乘 务 员),committee(委 员 会,委 员 们),audience(听众)等:This class consists of 45 students.Mr Green teaches it 这个班45个学生,由格林先生教。This class are all diligent.Mr Green teaches them.这个班的学生都很用功,由格林先生教。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿

18、的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去It was late,but the audience was increasing.时间很迟了,但听众人数却在增加。The audience were all moved to tears.听众都感动得流了泪。The team is the best in the league 这个队在联赛中打得最好。The football team are having baths 足球队队员们在洗澡。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法:1.有 的 集 合 名 词 总 是 用 作 单 数(不 可 数):clothing 衣 服,poetry 诗 歌,bag

19、gageluggage 行 李,furniture 家 俱,machinery 机 械,scenery 景色,jewellery 珠宝等。2.有 的 集 合 名 词 总 是 表 示 复 数 意 义(但 不 用 复 数 形 式):people人,police 警察,cattle 牲口等。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去 但 是 有 些 主 语 由 于 本 身 具 有 单 数 和 复 数 两 种 可 能,它 的 谓语 到 底 用 单 数 还 是 复 数,要 看 具 体 的 语 境(多 数 情 况 是 看 其 后面词语的单复

20、数),例如:Who is your brother?谁是你的兄弟?Who are your brothers?哪些是你的兄弟?What he said is quite correct 他所说的完全正确。What he left me are only a few old books 他 给 我 留 下 的 只 是几本旧书。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去 晓玲说小朋友“我给你一个笑容,你就还我一个笑容”,确实如此,他们的心灵纯洁无瑕,没有利害得失,是最明亮的镜子,把我们给予他们的热情全都毫无保留的加以十倍、百倍的回献

21、给我们。如今是正式下乡的第二天,但是我们与他们,已经有了不可断裂的羁绊。心与心的交流,眼与眼的交汇。刚开始对于镜头、手机他们会躲闪、会畏惧,躲在他人的身后或者干脆直接跑开,不肯让我们拍,可是相处久了以后,我们开始融入他们的中间,镜头下的他们,笑容开始变得自然而灿烂,甚至有的小朋友会主动凑上跟前,和自己的小伙伴或者和我们队里的某个人一同合影。这个转变让我们很惊喜。因为我们感觉我们是这群小孩子中的一员了。今天上书法课,原本准备的时候有些紧张,很怕自己表现得不好。然而等到站到讲台上,看着他们懵懂而好奇的眼光,我突然有了力量,滔滔不绝、手舞足蹈起来,流畅得让我自己都不敢相信。他们会惊叹、会回应、会提问

22、,让你觉得自己所教授的每一个知识都有着莫大的魅力。虽然期间有个别小朋友没有配合,看起来漫不经心,但只要你耐心、不放弃,他们感受到了你的真诚,在后面就会认真起来。就像练字环节的时候并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致?1.You or he _ to blame 你或他有一人要受责备。2._ you or he to blame?受责备的是你还是他?A is,Is B are,Are C is,Are D are,Is 在 通 常 情 况 下,两 个 并 列 主 语 由or,eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not onlybut(also)等 连 接

23、 时,其 谓 语 通 常 与 第 二个 主 语(即 临 近 的 一 个 主 语)保 持 一 致,但 是,在 疑 问 句 中 则 通 常与第一个主语(即临近的一个主语)保持一致。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去1One or two days _ enough to see the city A is B are C am D be2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A is B are C am

24、D be3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A is B are C am D be4Not the teacher,but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A is B are C am D be火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致?下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致?A library wi

25、th five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered 用连词and 连接的两个并列主语,其谓语要用复数,但是若主语跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,together with,along with,as well as,more than,no less than,rather than 等连接的另一个名词,其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,

26、要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去1Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday A was B were C has been D have been2A woman with some children _ soon A is coming B are coming C has come D have come3No one except my parents _ anything about this。A know B knows C is known D are known4The teacher as

27、 well as the students _ the book already A has read B have read C are reading D is reading5All but one _ in the accident A was killed B were killed C will be killed D are killed 火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去6.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examinatio

28、n after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 7.A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered8.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 9.The number of people inv

29、ited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were10.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 11._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two

30、 fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去主谓一致精练与解析1.More than one person here _ with the disease.A.has been infected B.have been infected C.has been infecting D.have been infecting由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数又如:More than on

31、e man was injured in the accident.More than one house has been repaired.2.One or perhaps more pages _ missing.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been由or 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。又如:Are you or he to drive?Was she or you there?火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去3.An expert,together wi

32、th some assistants,_ to help in this work.A.was sent B.were sent C.is sending D.are sending 由 with,together with,along with,rather than,no less than,but,besides,except 等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与前一个相一致。又如:Nobody but John and Helen was absent.I,rather than you,am responsible for the accident.4.The police _

33、 the black in winter.A.wears B.wear C.put on D.puts on英语中,一些表示总称意义的名词,如:police,people,cattle 等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。又如:Some people spend a lot of money on clothes.Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去5.The number of students that you have met _

34、the life of the team.A.are B.is C.were D.bethe number of 复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。a number of 复数名词作主语时,谓语用复数。又如:The number of cars is increasing in Beijing.A number of books have been published on this subject.6.To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health.A.is B.are C.was D.were 由and 连接两个名

35、词,包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语,若指同一件事或一个概念事,谓语动词用单数形式。又如:Whether to go on or return is not known.Time and tide waits for no man.火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去7.More students than one _.A.were punished B.is punished C.was punished D.will punishMore 复数名词 than one 和 more than one 单数名词的意义相同,

36、均表示“不只一个”,但前者用作复数,后者用作单数。又如:More students than one were punished.More than one student was punished.8.What they need _ more people.A.is B.are C.has D.have 名词从句作主语时,通常表示单数概念,谓语动词常用单数,但所指内容是复数意义时,谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语what we need 指复数内容。又如:What we need is more time.What he needs are books.What he says and what he does do not agree.

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