中考英语语法复习讲义专题02名词.docx

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1、专题02名词专题解说名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词。考点归纳考点知识梳理要点提示名词的分类总的来说，名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称如: Beijing 北京 China 中国 与不可数。 普通名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以用数目来计算的名词。不可数名词是指不能用数目来计算的名词，不可数名词没有单、复数之分不能单从汉语的角度来区分可数与不可数名词的数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数名词一般情况下要与表示量的单词连用。名词的复数形式变化有规则变化和不规则变化。 如: 1.名词复数形式的规则变化情况构成方法例词一般情况词尾s b

2、ike-bikes(自行车) cupcups(茶杯) bed-beds(床) chairchairs(椅子)bridge-bridges(桥) rose-roses(玫瑰花)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词词尾esbus-buses(公共汽车) box-boxes(盒子) watch-watches(手表)以辅音字母加y结尾的词先变y为iescity-cities(城市) baby-babies(婴儿) factory-factories(工厂）以f 或 fe 结尾的词变f fe为veswolf-wolves(狼) leaf-leaves(树叶) knife-knives(小刀)2.名词复数的不规

3、则形式变化情况及构成方法例词单、复数形式相同people-people(人) sheep-sheep(绵羊) deer-deer(鹿) fish-fish(鱼)Japanese-Japanese(日本人) Chinese-Chinese(中国人) 通过内部元音变化的方法构成复数形式man-men(男人)woman-women(女人)policemanpolicemen(警察) goose-geese(鹅) foot-feet(脚)tooth-teeth(牙齿) mouse-mice(老鼠)有些名词只有复数形式glasses(眼镜) trousers(裤子) clothes(衣服)词尾加-(r)

4、en构成复数形式ox-oxen(公牛)child-children(孩子)1. 不可数名词表示数量时，要借助量词，如；a cup of tea2. 以o结尾的名词(1) 一般在词尾加-s构成复数形式。如: zoo-zoosphoto-photos(2)有些在词尾加-es构成复数形式。如:tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes3. 注意:an apple tree two apple trees a woman teacher -two women teachers名词的所有格名词所有格表示所属关系，意思是“的”在英语中，绝大多数表示有生命的事物的名词所有格，一般用加-s

5、来表示。表示没有生命的东西的所有格，通常用介词 of 来修饰。1.s 格。(1)一般在单数名词的词尾加-s。如: that girls sweater那个女孩的毛衣 Mikespen迈克的钢笔(2)以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加“”不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加-s。如:these boysteacher这些男孩的老师 the childrenstoys孩子们的玩具(3)表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词的末尾加s。表示各自所有的东西时，需在每个名词后都加-s如:Mary and Jerrysmother玛丽和杰瑞的妈妈Marys and Jerrysmothers玛丽和杰瑞各自的妈妈(4)表示

6、店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，所有格的后面通常不出现它所修饰的名词。如:the Whites怀特家thedoctors诊所thebarbers理发店(5)一些表示日期、时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾加-s或“”构成所有格。如: todays newspaper今天的报纸 Beijingsspring北京的春天twentyminuteswalk二十分钟的路2.of 格。通常用介词of所构成的短语表示:名词+of+所有者。如: the name of the dog狗的名字a photo of my family我家的一张全家福 the windowof thehouse房子

7、上的窗户考点剖析考点一 名词的分类【典例】 ()1.Im going to_ for holiday.A.china B.China C.a China ()2.Id like some_.A.waters B.book C. water 剖析1.本题考查专有名词。此句中专有名词China的首字母要大写，并且前面不加任何限定词。2.本题考查可数名词与不可数名词。可数名词有单，复数之分，不可数名词没有单、复数之分。some后接名词的复数形式或不可数名词。答案1.B 2.C知能训练一一、选出每组中不同类的一项。() l. A. eraser B.milk C.pencil ()2.A.studen

8、t B.teacher C.father ()3.A.wall B.woman C.boy ()4.A.yellow B.mother C. brother 二、选出正确的单词或词组，用“”标出。1.(荆州)That (cats cat) is mine.2.(武汉)There are some(girl girls) under the tree.3.(武汉)The pig has four(foot feet).4.(长沙)Do you drink much(orange oranges)?5.(广州)She had three(cup cups) of tea.6.(深圳)Best wi

9、shes to you for(Teachers Teachers)Day!考点二 名词的数【典例】()1.How many_ would you like?A. pear B.bread C.milk D. pencils ()2.There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A.woman B.women C.womans D.womens ()3.My father has _for breakfast.A.two piece of bread B.two pieces of bread C. two piece of breads D. two piece

10、s of breads 剖析例题主要考查可数名词复数形式的变化规则以及不可数名词的形式1.由many可知后面必须接名词的复数形式，需要分清哪些词是可数名词，哪些词是不可教名词，以及牢固掌握可数名词复数形式的规则变化和不规则变化。此题中BC项为不可数名词，A项为可数名词的单数形式，D项为可数名词的复数形式，故选D。2.由数字34可知后面接名词的复数形式。如果woman修饰后面的复数名词，表示其性别，则前后两个名词都必须用复数形式。woman属于不规则变化，它的复数形式是women，故选B3.不可数名词需要计量时，可以用“数词或冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名词的结构来表达，量词可以是单数也可以是复

11、数，但of后的名词需要用原形。bread是不可数名词，用apiece of修饰，变为复数时，改数词和量词，其余不变，故选B。答案1.D 2.B 3.B知能训练二一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.I like autumn best. Because the_(colour)are pretty.2. Look at those_(people) in the boats!3.How many_(thief)did you see yesterday?4. The_(photo) are beautiful.5.Look! There are many_(coffee cup)in the sh

12、op6. Different_(country)have different traffic rules.7.I helped my mother wash the_(dish)in the kitchen.8.There is some_(food)in the basket.二、单项选择。()1(宁波)-Today all the_ and milk are on sale in the supermarket.-Great!Lets go and have a look!A.tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes ()2.(佛山)There are lots of_a

13、nd _in the lake.A.fish;duck B.fish; ducks C.fishs; ducks ()3.(武汉)Would you like_please?A. two glass of waters B.two glasses of water C.two glasses of waters ()4.(深圳)The _are running on the_.A. deer; grasses B. deers; grass C.deer; grass ()5.(杭州)We have to clean_every day.A. our tooth B. our tooths C

14、. our teeth 考点三名词的所有格【典例】()1.This is_room.A.Lucy and Lily B.Lucys and Lilys C.Lucy and Lilys D. Lucys and Lily ()2.Do you have a map_China?A.of B.s C.in D.from 剖析1.如果某(些)人或物为几人共有，则在最后一个人名后加s。如果某些人或物是几人分别拥有，则在每个人名后分别加s。由题意可知这个房间是两人共有的，构成名词所有格时，在后面的一个人名后加s即可，故选C2.无生命的事物所构成的所有关系可以用“of+名词”表示。s表示有生命的人或物的

15、所有格，in表示“在里”from表示“来自”，均不符合句意，故选A。答案1.C 2.A知能训练三一、用s或改写下列所有格。1. the book of Miss Liu_2. the toys of the boy _3. the friends of my father _4.the shirts of the men _5. the songs of the birds _6. the pen of John _二、单项选择。()1.Whats your_job?A.brother B. brothers C. brothers D. brothers ()2.Mrs Green is_

16、mother. They are_.A.Lucy and Lilystwins B. Lucys and Lilys twins C. Lucy and Lilys; twin D. Lucys and Lilys;twins ()3.Every evening Mr King takes a_ to his home.A.25 minutes walk B.25 minutes walk C.25 minute walk D.25 minutes walk 一、选出每组中不同类的选项。()1.A.bed B. chairs C.desk ()2.A.mouse B. tiger C.rice

17、 ( )3.A.bus B.wolf C.train ()4.A.cups B. caps C.tree ()5.A.man B.policeman C.woman 二、选词填空。1. There is a party at the(prince/princes) house.2. There are many beautiful(city/cities) in China.3. I can see a big(house/houses).4. She has two(baby/babies).5.How many(bus/buses) are there?6. The woman in gr

18、een is(David and Anns/Davids and Anns)mother.7.They are catching(butterfly/butterflies).8. These books are my(friends/friends).9. There is a(computer/computers) on the table.10.Look at these(men/man).三、单项选择。()1.On the farm,there are many_and two_.A. sheeps; foxes B.sheep;foxs C.sheep; foxes ()2.This

19、 box isnt mine. I think its_.A. Mary B. Marys C. Marys ()3.There areon the table.A.two bottle of milk B.two bottles of milks C.two bottles of milk ()4.I bought a lot of_yesterday.A.tomatoes B.potatos C. vegetable ()5.The _has two_.A.boy; watch B.boy;watches C. boys; watch ()6.There are five_in my fa

20、mily.A.people B. peoples C.a people ()7.The_are yellow.A.leaf B. leafs C. leaves ()8.These are_ under the tree.A.bike B. bikes C.a bike () 9.How many_ are there on the farm?A. sheep B. sheeps C. a sheep ()10.How much are the_?A. sweater B. pencil C. shoes 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.I have a lot of_(toy) in my

21、 bedroom.2.One of the_(child) is in the kitchen.3.My_(mother) birthday is in March.4. I can see four_(bus).5. There are some_(box) in the room.6. These are_(mouse).7.Is there any_(Coke)?8. That is her_(brother) jacket9. There are many_(kangaroo).10. Are there any tall_(building)?五、将下列句子改成复数句。(20分)1.

22、 This is a knife._are some_2. That is a photo._are some_3.There is a black bike.There_some black_4. That child is very lovely._ _are verylovely5.It is a watch._are some_.六、选出错误的一项，并在横线上改正。()1.This is my parents room._ A B C()2.How many pencil do you have?_ A B () 3.I can see a map on China._ A B C(

23、)4.I want some meats._ A B C()5.I dont know the mans names.A B C【真题演练】一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.(黄冈)I have two_(sister).2.(南昌)He has two_(watch).One is old the other is new.3.(九江)I can see some_(policeman)standing near the door.4.(深圳)Would you like some_(bread)?5.(济南)This is_(Lilyand Lucy)mother.二、单项选择。()1.(

24、广州)There are three_and five_in the room.A.American; Japanese B.Americans;Japanese C.American;Japaneses ()2.(武汉)Can you see nine_ in the picture?A.fish B.book C. horse ()3.(深圳)The _are flying back to their countryA.Germany B. Germanys C.Germans ()4.(南昌)I saw many_in the street.A.peoples B.people C. p

25、eoples ()5.(长沙)The green sweater is his_.A.brother B. brothers C.brothers 三、(福州)根据短文内容完成下列句子。(每空一词)David is an English boy.His birthday is in December.He got a lot of presents on his last birthday.His father and mother gave him a red box with a storybook in it.His mother said“There are a lot of inte

26、resting stories in it,and its good for you.”Davids sister gave him a round(圆的)green box.“Its a birthday cakehe thought.But it was a basketball.David likes playing basketball.Mike, Davids classmate, gave him two boxes, a black one and a white one.He opened the black box,but he found nothing(没有东西).Then he opened the white one. He was glad to see a kite in it.1.Davids birthday is in_2.Davids parents put(放)a storybook in a_box3. Davids sister gave him a_4. Mike is Davids_5. There was a_in the white box.学科网（北京）股份有限公司