高中英语定语从句讲解.pptx

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1、Grammar2 形容词：形容词：用来修饰描述名词或代词的词用来修饰描述名词或代词的词,在简单在简单句中，作定语、表语、补足语句中，作定语、表语、补足语.定语从句定语从句：是一个句子，在复合句中：是一个句子，在复合句中,由关系词由关系词引导，相当于一个形容词，修饰名词或代词引导，相当于一个形容词，修饰名词或代词(先行词先行词)。Thisisthe best filmthatIhaveseen.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句先行词先行词：被修饰的名词或代词，在定语从句之前：被修饰的名词或代词，在定语从句之前.定语从句定语从句：先行词之后：先行词之后,修饰先行词修饰先行词.关系词关系词:

2、引导从句引导从句,在从句中代替先行词，充当句子成分在从句中代替先行词，充当句子成分.3This is the best film This is the best film thatthat I have seen.I have seen.引导定语从句引导定语从句代替先行词代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用关系词的作用 1 1）2 2）3 3）关系词关系词4定语从句分为定语从句分为限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。它和主句的关系十分密

3、切，写时不用逗号分开。在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。Torontoisacity(that)I ve always wanted to visit.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。它和主句关系不十分密切，它与主句之间常用逗号分开,一般不用that引导。l在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中关系词不可省略关系词不可省略。Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,which Idoubtedverymuch.Ivegotsomepersonalaffairs that

4、 Ihavetodealwith.Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun关系关系代词代词指代指代定语从句中所充当的分定语从句中所充当的分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语whowhomwhichthatwhoseas注意：注意：that，why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。as引导非限制性定语从句，可以用在主句前，也可以用在引导非限制性定语从句，可以用在主句前，也可以用在主句后，指代整个主句的内容。常译为主句后，指代整个主句的内容。常译为“正如，好像正如，好像”。注意：在某些场合，非限制性定语从句的先

5、行词可注意：在某些场合，非限制性定语从句的先行词可为整个主句为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。引导。Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,which frightened me very much.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,which surprises all the people present.as as 和和 whichwhich引导非限定性定语从句引导非限定性定语从句,都可指一句话内容，都可指一句话内容，区别在于区别在于whichwhich只能放在它

6、所指那句话的后面，而只能放在它所指那句话的后面，而asas可以可以在前面在前面,也可以在后面。也可以在后面。7 which as在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：1.which可以代指主句的部分内容，也可以代指整个可以代指主句的部分内容，也可以代指整个主句的内容。主句的内容。as代指整个主句。代指整个主句。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。也可以放在主句之后。which引导的非限制性定于从句只能跟在主句后，不引导的非限制性定于从句只能跟在主句后，不能放在句首。能放在句首。3.当非限制性定

7、语从句为否定句或者具有否定意义时当非限制性定语从句为否定句或者具有否定意义时用用which,不用不用as。4.as表达表达”正如正如,就像就像”之意之意.如何判断用如何判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.1.先行词先行词2.2.关系词在从句中充当的成分关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语、宾语、表语、做主语、宾语、表语、定语定语 关系代词关系代词做状语做状语 关系副词关系副词 the usage of the relative adverb关系副词关系副词指代指代所充当的句子成分所充当的句子成分whenwher

8、ewhytimeplacereason状语状语状语状语状语状语9定语从句引导词的选择定语从句引导词的选择取决于先行词在定语从句中的位置、成分。取决于先行词在定语从句中的位置、成分。1.The people whomwhothat youmetinthecampusarefromAustralia.（从句中作宾语）（从句中作宾语）2.Thiswas the time whenat which sheleftforBeijing.(从句中作状语从句中作状语)The place which heoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.(从句中作宾语从句中作宾语)10使用要点

9、使用要点1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。The classroom that is on the fourth floor is poorly equipped.2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可常可省略省略,且且that前不能有介词。前不能有介词。This is the girl with whom he works.3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。I have come to explain the reason why I was absent from th

10、e meeting.The people whomwhothat you met in the campus are from Australia.（作宾语）（作宾语）111.Theboy_isstandingnearthedoorismybrother.that/who(主语)2.Ilikethebook_youlenttome.that/which(宾语)3.Chinaisnolongerthecountry_itwas.that/which(表语)4.Theyplantedtheflowers_didntneedmuchwater.which/that(主语)5.Thedictionar

11、y_myfatherboughtformeisveryusefultome.which/that(宾语)6.Theteacher_wenttoseemeyesterdayisMr.Zhang.7.Hereistheman_youwanttosee.whom/that/who(宾语)who/that(主语)that12I know the girl _ face is red.whose(定语定语)Id like the room _ windows are big.whose(定语定语)whose 注意：注意：whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时,可用可用of which代替代替,但词序不同

12、，即但词序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+n+of which =of which+the+n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.=Helivesin the room,facessouth.=Helivesin the room,facessouth.the window of which of which the window 13关系代词关系代词 as引导定语从句引导定语从句,用于固定搭配用于固定搭配,先行词与先行词与 as、so、such、the same 连用。连用。1.Doyouwanttobuy the same r

13、adio as wasshownonTV.(主语主语)2.Hehasasgooda penasIhave.(宾语宾语)3.Beijingisnotthe sameasitusedtobe.(表语表语)14.Thisisthesamepen_Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较：比较：.the same pen as I lost.the same pen that I lost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，但不一定就是它表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，但不一定就是它表示这支笔就是我不见的那支表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 .15 关系副词关系副词whe

14、n,where,why 和介词和介词+which之间的关系之间的关系 关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。1.Iwontforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idontknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)h

15、ehaventcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.!16 注意注意:介词介词+which（指物（指物),不可省不可省 介词介词+whom（指人（指人),不可省不可省 介词后不用介词后不用whowho、thatthatThe cityThe city whichwhich she lives inin is far away.The manThe man whomwhom you spoke toto is our headmaster.The farm on which weworkedteny

16、earsagoisbeautiful.Thisis the tree under which weusedtoplaygames.Hangzhouistheplace where/to which I went lastsummer.Iremember the day when/on which myfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.17 1.介词的确定方法介词的确定方法The money with whichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.Hewillneverforgetthe day on whichhefailedin

17、theexam.根据先行词来确定根据先行词来确定Wethoughtyouwerea person from whomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.The West Lake,for whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定18Air,withoutwhichmancantlive,isreallyimportant.根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定Thepenwithwhichheiswritingnowwasboughtyeste

18、rday.2.2.介词的位置介词的位置 一般情况下，介词放在关系代词一般情况下，介词放在关系代词whichwhich和和whomwhom之前，之前，也可放在动词后。也可放在动词后。固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有常见的这类动词短语有:look for/after/forward to、care for、take care of、hear of/about/from,等等.ThisistherightplaceImlookingfor.Thegirlwhomheislookingafterishissister.191.Doyou

19、likethebookonwhichshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookforwhichshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookformwhichshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks?介词介词+关系代词的使用关系代词的使用5.ThemantowhomIspokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.6.Glasses,withoutwhichIcantseeclearly,arereallyimportantforme.7.Chinais

20、abeautifulcountry,ofwhichweareproud.8.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?20Thisistheteacherwhosedaughterisafamousdoctor.=Thisistheteacherthe daughter of whomisafamousdoctor.1.1.名词名词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词Wehavethreeforeignteachers,two of whomarefromCanada.2.2.数词数词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词(含基数词、序数词、分数和含基数词、序数词、分

21、数和百分数）百分数）3.3.代词代词+介词介词+关系代词（代词有关系代词（代词有allall、bothboth、nonenone、neitherneither、eithereither、somesome、anyany等）等）Theoldwomanhastwosons,both of whom areteachers.214.4.形容词最高级形容词最高级+介词介词+关系代词关系代词Chinahasthousandsofislands,the largest of whichisTaiwanIsland.5.5.介词介词+关系代词关系代词+名词名词Hespentfouryearsincollege

22、,during which timehestudiedmedicine.I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.状语 I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.宾语 The house _ we visited is being repaired now.宾语 The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.状语when(which/that)(which/that)whereThe reason _ he didnt

23、 come to school yesterday is that he was ill.The reason_he gave isnt believable.宾语whythat whichx1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whetherA2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatB考点一考点一考点一考点一:that 与与which 的区别的区别先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,no,something

24、,anything等不等不定代词时，关系代词用定代词时，关系代词用 that4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.BA.whichB.thatC.itD.whomu 先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用that。u 若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关系代词用关系代词用 that。7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.itA25

25、6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.itAu先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时，关系代词用等时，关系代词用that。5.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it B 1.先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,

26、nothing,something,anything等等不定代词不定代词.2.先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时。等时。4.先行词为人和物的组合。先行词为人和物的组合。5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者或者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关系代词用关系代词用 that。只用只用that的情况的情况

27、:考点一考点一考点一考点一:that 与与which 的区别的区别 1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it A只用只用which的情况的情况:1.逗号后面逗号后面 2.介词后面介词后面2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.AonwhichBthatCwhichD.thisAu一个句子一个句子,两个定语从句两个定语从句,为避免重复为避免重复,一个用一个用that,另一个另一个用用which.Let me show you t

28、he novel that I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us.A that B which C where D as BAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在one,anyone,those 指人时一般用指人时一般用“who”。he/she/I/they作先行词时作先行词时,用用“who”代替代替“that”.考点二考点二:that 与与who的区别的区别wh

29、owhowho考点三考点三:介词介词+关系代词关系代词 提醒提醒:介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介关键是判断介词的选择词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配；方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。逻辑关系。注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或或 whom;不可用不可用that 或或who 代替。代替。1.Themanwithw

30、homyoushookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroominwhichmyfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能

31、用that，也不能省，也不能省略，常用略，常用which或或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。词之前，也可放在从句之尾。但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?考点四：考点四：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换,但下列情况多用但下列情况多用asas。1.1.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe

32、same、soso、asas连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。Such Such books books as as you tell me are interesting.you tell me are interesting.I have I have the same the same plan plan asas you.you.2.2.as as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首,as,as本身有本身有“正如正如,正象正象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 knowknow、seesee、expectexpect、AnnounceAnnounce、point

33、out point out 等。等。AsAs we all know,the earth is round.we all know,the earth is round.1._Engelspointedout,labourcreatedmanhimself.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.AsD2.TheysaidtheywereFrench._wasnttrue.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.AsC3.Theclockstruckthirteen,_madeeveryonelaugh.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.AsA4.Wedothesamework_t

34、heydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.likeB 考点五考点五:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行先行词词保持一致。保持一致。1.Iamnotonewhoisafraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,whoamnotfitforthisjob 3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewrittenA4.

35、Sheistheonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.!A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosingC1.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?!Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.towhichD.theoneDB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。Exercises2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.!A.whereB.thatC.ofwhomD.whichA 先行词是先行词是situation,case,scenesituation,case,scene时，一般用时，一般用where,where,最佳选择则是最佳选择则是in whichin which.15.HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_areouroldfriends.HerearesomeplayersfromJapanandsomeof_areouroldfriends.!A.whichB.thatC.whomD.themCD非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句