高考英语一轮复习-冠词的用法讲解练习.ppt

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1、0909年高考语法复习系列一年高考语法复习系列一冠 词不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法考题点击考题点击1TheWilsonslivein_A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis_17thcenturycottage.（04浙江）A.the,/B.an,theC./,theD.an,aD D该句意为“威尔逊先生一家住在海边的一幢A型房子里，那是一幢十七世纪的屋子。”两处都表示“一幢“，A-shaped是元音开头，该用an；而seventeenth是辅音开头，所以该用a。考题点击考题点击2Mrs.Taylorhas_8-year-olddaughterwhohas_giftfor

2、paintingshehaswontwonationalprizes.（05浙江卷）Aa;a Ban;the Can;aDthe;aC C“Taylor夫人有一个在绘画方面极有天赋的八岁的女儿，她已经两次获得全国大奖了。”eight是元音开头，所以该用an；而后面的haveagiftfor为一短语，表示“在方面有天赋”，故答案为C。冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（theDefiniteArticle），另一种是不定冠词（theIndefiniteArticle），还有一种是零冠词（ZeroArticle）。不定冠

3、词a(an)与数词one同源，是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。1)代表一类人或物。Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.Mr.Smithisanengineer.2)当当第一次提到第一次提到某人或某物，且某人或某物，且并非特指并非特指时，用不时，用不定冠词定冠词a或或an起起介绍介绍作用作用She is working in a factory.3)用于用于人名人名前，表示说话人前，表示说话人对此人不认识对此人不认识，或表示，或表示与某人有类似性质与某人有类似性质的人或事物的人或事物”一位名叫一位名叫”A Mr.Smith came to visi

4、t you when you went out.He wishes to become a Newton.4)4)表示表示乐器乐器的名词前一般用定冠词的名词前一般用定冠词the,但前面如果但前面如果出现出现定语修饰定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词，也可能用不定冠词a,an。He starts his day by playing the violin.He is playing a borrowed violin.5)介介词与表示词与表示交通工具交通工具的名词连用表示的名词连用表示笼统的笼统的方方式，前面一般式，前面一般不用冠词不用冠词，但如果名词的前面出现了，但如果名词的前面出现了修饰语修饰语，前

5、面需加冠词，前面需加冠词a/an。He went to the station by car.He went to the station in a black car.6)turn用作系动词时，后面作表语的单数名词前用作系动词时，后面作表语的单数名词前不用冠词不用冠词。He turned writer many years later.(=He became a writer many years later.)7)在序数词前表示在序数词前表示“又一又一，再一再一”This is the third time Ive been here.I want to be here a fourth

6、time.8)放在放在抽象名词抽象名词前，用来表示前，用来表示具体的一个人具体的一个人或或一件一件事事He is not a success as a leader,but he has gained much experience in teaching.9)在在形容词形容词最高级最高级前表示前表示“非常非常”不定冠词不定冠词Unit Nine is a most difficult unit,but it isnt the most difficult unit in Book One.10.a/an 用于说明事物的同一性质、特点、程度或大小，表示“相同”之意，相当于the same.we

7、 are nearly of an age.Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚。11.在某些句型中可加aIt is a pity that you have missed the chance.It is a shame/a pleasure/a honour for sb.to do sth.12.12.不定冠词不定冠词不定冠词不定冠词a(n)a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。我每天早晨上班前吃点简单的早餐。我每天早晨上班前吃点简单的早餐。Before I

8、go to work every morning,Ive a light breakfast.12.不定冠词不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。车祸是车祸是7月底的一个星期天发生的。月底的一个星期天发生的。The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.13.否定比较级表达最高级意义时，常借助于不定冠词a/an.n n-what do you think of the film?n n-Oh,n n我从没看过这最糟糕的电影。14.不定冠词不定冠词a(n)用于形式为复数

9、，但意义仍为单数的用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前。名词前。一千英里是相当远的距离。一千英里是相当远的距离。A thousand miles is a good distance.15).词组或成语。词组或成语。once in a whileonce in a whileat a lossat a lossa littlea littlea fewa fewa lota lota type ofa type ofa pilea pileas a wholeas a wholein a wayin a waya great manya great manymany amany aas a

10、ruleas a rulein a hurryin a hurryof a sizeof a sizein a minutein a minutehave a word with sb.have a word with sb.in a wordin a wordin a short whilein a short whileafter a whileafter a whilehave a coldhave a coldhave a tryhave a trykeep an eye onkeep an eye onall of a suddenall of a suddenpay a visit

11、 topay a visit toa great deal ofa great deal ofa(great)number ofa(great)number ofdo sb a favordo sb a favorat a distanceat a distancetell a lietell a lieonce upon a timeonce upon a timea knowledge ofa knowledge ofmake a livingmake a livinghave a good timehave a good timekeep a diarykeep a diaryall o

12、f a suddenall of a suddenas a matter of factas a matter of facttake(a)pride intake(a)pride intake a walk(break,bath,seat)take a walk(break,bath,seat)have a headache/feverhave a headache/fever不定冠词的位置不定冠词的位置考题点击考题点击1_rolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.(2002上海春)A.HowinterestingB.Howaninter

13、estingC.WhatinterestingD.WhataninterestingD D不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列形容词之后：such，what，many，half，如：Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.考题点击考题点击2Wewerein_whenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets.(2003上海)A.arushsoanxiousB.asuchanxiousrushC.soananxiousrushD.suchananxiousrushD D当名词前的形容词被副词as,so

14、,too,how,however,enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.还需注意下面几个问题：还需注意下面几个问题：1、quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quitealot/quiteasuddenchange/aratherdifficultjob2、在as，though引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为单数名词时，并将其倒装时，其前不用冠词；否则用冠词：Bravemant

15、houghheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.Thoughsheisayounggirl3、当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。Thereismuchbiggeraroomthanmine.4.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the;但如果名词前有修饰语，也可能用不定冠词a,an。theworld,apeacefulworldthemoon,abrightmoon5.表示一日三餐的名词前面一般不用冠词，但前面如果有了定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词a,an。Haveyouhadsupper?Wehadawonderfulsuppe

16、r.6.a/an可表示单位,价格,速度,比率等,意为”每一个=per或every.ataspeedofeightymilesanhour定冠词的用法定冠词的用法考题点击考题点击1Asarule,domesticservantsdoingoddjobsarepaid_.（04上海春季）A.bythehourB.byhourC.byanhourD.byhoursA A“按小时付费”，以及其它用来表示“按计算”都需用介词by加the加单位名词来表示，如：bytheday;bythejin;bythepound;bythedozen。但需注意：size;weight;time;length等名词并不表

17、示单位，所以不需加the。考题点击考题点击2OnMay5,2005,at_WorldTableTennisChampionship,KongLinghuiandWangHaowonthegoldmedalinmensdoubleswith_scoreof4:1.(05江苏卷)A.a;aB.不填;theC.a;不填 D.the;aD D“theWorldTableTennisChampionship”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，用来表示一个机构名称。这类名词前都要加the。“withascoreof4:1”表示“以4:1的比分”，是一个介词短语结构。考题点击考题点击3Thisbooktells_

18、lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft_schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.（05辽宁卷）Athe;theBa;theCthe;不填Da;不填C C“这本书讲的是JohnSmith的人生故事”，是特指的，所以必须用the。“leaveschool”表示“毕业”，不用冠词。类似的用法还有：finishschool;inclass;atchurch;gotoschool等。定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Tak

19、ethemedicine.把药吃了。2）上文提到过的人或事：Heboughtahouse.Ivebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3）指世上独一物二的事物：thesun，thesky，themoon，theearth4）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：thedollar美元;thefox狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：therich富人;theliving生者。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪？我住在二层。Thatstheverythin

20、gIvebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的东西。6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.指全体教师)Theyareteachersofthisschool.(指部分教师)7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：Shecaughtmebythearm.她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：thePeoplesRepublicofChina中华人民共和国theUnitedStates美国9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：Sheplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴。10)用在姓

21、氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：theGreens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)11)用在表示“度量衡”之类的名词前：Applesaresoldbythepound.但要注意在time,weight,length等名词前不加the。12)形容词最高级和序数词前及表示“世纪或逢十的年代”的复数数词前。ThefirstdaythemostbeautifulgirlPeteristhetallestinourclass.Inthe1990s(1990s)13)表示乐器的名词中，Erhu等中国乐器前不加thePlayErhu1414）表示江河、海洋、海湾、海峡、湖泊、山脉、港口、群岛的）表示江河、海洋、海湾、

22、海峡、湖泊、山脉、港口、群岛的名词之前。（注：山峰、岛屿为专有名词，其前不用定冠词，名词之前。（注：山峰、岛屿为专有名词，其前不用定冠词，如：如：Mount Tai,Tai Wan IslandMount Tai,Tai Wan Island）The Chang Jiang River,the Suez Canal,the Pacific The Chang Jiang River,the Suez Canal,the Pacific Ocean,the Taiwan Straits,the Tai Hang Mountains,Ocean,the Taiwan Straits,the Tai

23、 Hang Mountains,the West Lake,the Philippinesthe West Lake,the Philippines15)15)用在国籍前表示全体用在国籍前表示全体The Chinese,the JapaneseThe Chinese,the Japanese16)16)在发明物的单数名词前在发明物的单数名词前Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.17)17)用于报刊杂志、会议、条约、历史事件、时期、朝代前用于报刊杂志、会议、条约、历史事

24、件、时期、朝代前The TimesThe Times泰晤士报泰晤士报,the 16th Party Congress,the 16th Party Congress第十六次党代第十六次党代会会,the Atlantic Pact,the Atlantic Pact大西洋公约大西洋公约,the May 4th Movement,the May 4th Movement五四运动五四运动,the Xian Incident,the Xian Incident西安事变西安事变,the Middle Ages,the Middle Ages中中世纪世纪,the Tang Dynasty,the Tang

25、 Dynasty唐朝唐朝18）用在某些动词后，代替物主代词，指人的身体或衣着的某部分。常用这类动词有：hit,take,beat,strike,pat,pull,catch,shake,seize其中，表打的介词用on,in，表抓，拿的介词用byHe catch sb by the arm/by the hand/by the collar19)19)用于习语或固定结构中用于习语或固定结构中All the time,all the year round,all the age of,All the time,all the year round,all the age of,at the sa

26、me time,at the beginning of,at the at the same time,at the beginning of,at the end of,by the end of,in the end,in the end of,by the end of,in the end,in the beginning,in the day,in the daytime,the beginning,in the day,in the daytime,the other day,in the morning(afternoon,other day,in the morning(aft

27、ernoon,evening),the day before yesterday,the day evening),the day before yesterday,the day after tomorrow,at the bottom of,at the edge after tomorrow,at the bottom of,at the edge of,at the foot of,by the side of,in the of,at the foot of,by the side of,in the distance,in the middle of,in the sky,in t

28、he distance,in the middle of,in the sky,in the sun,in the world,in the shade,under the sun,in the world,in the shade,under the shade,on the left,in the street,on the shade,on the left,in the street,on the ground,in the east of,on the way to,on the ground,in the east of,on the way to,on the other sid

29、e of,by the way,in the darkness,on other side of,by the way,in the darkness,on the radio,under the leadership,with the help the radio,under the leadership,with the help of,in the habit of,in the form of,break the of,in the habit of,in the form of,break the law,make the bed,tell the truth,keep the la

30、w,make the bed,tell the truth,keep the balance of-balance of-定冠词的位置定冠词的位置考题点击考题点击1Hedidit_ittookme.(2003北京)A.one-thirdatimeB.one-thirdtimeC.theone-thirdtime D.one-thirdthetimeD D定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，threetimes等词之后，名词之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有学生都出去了。零冠词的用法零冠词的用

31、法考题点击考题点击1Ifyougoby_train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget_fastone.（05全国卷3）Athe;theB不填；aCthe;aD不填；不填 B B在由介词by加表示交通方式的名词短语中，不用冠词。但如果by不表示交通方式，而表示地理位置，就需要加冠词了。如：bysea乘船；bythesea在海边考题点击考题点击2Itisoftensaidthat_teachershave_veryeasylife.(05北京卷)A.不填；不填B.不填；aC.the,不填D.the,aB Bteachers是复

32、数名词，用来表示类属，不加冠词。只有在特定范围内的复数名词前才加冠词。“havealife”是一个习惯短语，表示“过着的生活”。考题点击考题点击3Thewarmthof_sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof_woolused.（01全国）A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/B Bsweater的保暖性能取决于使用哪一种类型的羊毛。the加单数名词sweater表示一种类型；而羊毛是物质名词，表示类属的物质名词不加冠词。1）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词

33、；Theyareteachers.他们是教师。3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Mancannotlivewithoutwater.人离开水就无法生存。5）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.士兵们把这个美

34、国人送到李将军那里。7）在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词如：havebreakfast，playchess但如果三餐饭的名词前有形容词修饰，则需要加冠词。如：haveabigbreakfast8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；Icantwritewithoutpenorpencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。9）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；bybus，bytrain；10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court

35、等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospital去医院(并不一定去看病)11)不用冠词的序数词；a.序数词前有物主代词b.序数词作副词Hecamefirstintherace.c.在固定词组中at(the)first,firstofall,fromfirsttolast12）学科名词、语言名称前StudyPhysics/Chinese/English/Chemistry.注意：WhatstheChinesefortheword“map”?13)某些疾病名称前Heartattack,livertrouble,highbloodpr

36、essure但有些表示疾病的名词前要加不定冠词：haveaheadache,fever,cut,cough,wound,pain等。1414）呼唤语，在自家人或熟人间谈到家庭中的成员时，或指家中雇佣的）呼唤语，在自家人或熟人间谈到家庭中的成员时，或指家中雇佣的cook,teacher,nursecook,teacher,nurse时。时。Whats wrong with you,mother?Whats wrong with you,mother?Whos monitor in your class,girl?Whos monitor in your class,girl?Mother ask

37、ed nurse to take the child out.Mother asked nurse to take the child out.1515）可数名词已有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格以及）可数名词已有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格以及kind of,sort of,piece ofkind of,sort of,piece of修饰时。修饰时。I like this book.I like this book.I have not any pictures.I have not any pictures.I have this kind of bike.I h

38、ave this kind of bike.This is Peters dictionary.This is Peters dictionary.16)16)用基数词表示物体的编号时。用基数词表示物体的编号时。Lesson One,Room 201,Class 4,Grade 3Lesson One,Room 201,Class 4,Grade 317)17)在动词在动词go,turn“go,turn“变成变成”后的名词前。后的名词前。His brother turned engineer.His brother turned engineer.He has gone lawyer.He h

39、as gone lawyer.18)18)普通名词普通名词+as+as引导的让步状语从句（倒装），名词前；引导的让步状语从句（倒装），名词前；ManMan指人类时指人类时manman前。前。Child as he is,he knows a lot of things.Child as he is,he knows a lot of things.Man will conquer nature.Man will conquer nature.19)19)含有零冠词的习语或固定结构含有零冠词的习语或固定结构After school,after class,after graduation,aft

40、er After school,after class,after graduation,after liberation,all day and all night,all night long,arm in liberation,all day and all night,all night long,arm in arm,ask for help,ask for advice,at dinner,at first,at arm,ask for help,ask for advice,at dinner,at first,at last,at night,at noon,at once,a

41、t present,at war,at last,at night,at noon,at once,at present,at war,at work,by accident,by chance,by air,by bike,by hand,work,by accident,by chance,by air,by bike,by hand,by means of,by mistake,catch fire,catch sight of,by means of,by mistake,catch fire,catch sight of,catch/get/take hold of,come int

42、o power,day and night,catch/get/take hold of,come into power,day and night,day by day,east and west,face to face,father and son,day by day,east and west,face to face,father and son,for example,for sale,hand in hand,heart and soul,for example,for sale,hand in hand,heart and soul,husband and wife,in b

43、ed,in danger,in debt,in fact,in husband and wife,in bed,in danger,in debt,in fact,in hunger,in ink,in pencil,in need,in order,in public,in hunger,in ink,in pencil,in need,in order,in public,in return,in search of,in silence,in space,in surprise,in return,in search of,in silence,in space,in surprise,

44、in town,in trouble,in use,in time,on time,keep in touch town,in trouble,in use,in time,on time,keep in touch with,learn-by heart,lose weight,put on weight,with,learn-by heart,lose weight,put on weight,make fun of,make room for,make use of,man and make fun of,make room for,make use of,man and woman,o

45、n duty,on fire,on foot,on sale,on show,on woman,on duty,on fire,on foot,on sale,on show,on strike,out of breath,out of danger,out of order,out of strike,out of breath,out of danger,out of order,out of sight,set fire,shoulder to shoulder,side by side,step sight,set fire,shoulder to shoulder,side by s

46、ide,step by step,take care of,take pride in,time and time,by step,take care of,take pride in,time and time,watch TV,with anger,with pleasure,with satisfactionwatch TV,with anger,with pleasure,with satisfaction使用冠词注意事项一、表示类别一、表示类别不定冠词不定冠词+可数名词单数可数名词单数A horse is a useful animal.A horse is a useful ani

47、mal.定冠词定冠词+可数名词单数可数名词单数The horse is a useful animal.The horse is a useful animal.可数名词复数可数名词复数Horses are useful animals.Horses are useful animals.不可数名词不可数名词What fine weather it is!What fine weather it is!二、并列结构中冠词的使用二、并列结构中冠词的使用1 1、一个人具有双重身份或身兼数职时，可以用一个冠、一个人具有双重身份或身兼数职时，可以用一个冠词。词。A blind singer and p

48、oetA blind singer and poetThe principal and secretaryThe principal and secretary2 2、两件东西配成一套使用时，只用一个冠词。、两件东西配成一套使用时，只用一个冠词。A needle and threadA needle and threadA watch and chainA watch and chainA knife and forkA knife and fork3 3、两个关系十分密切的单数名词并列时，一般不用冠、两个关系十分密切的单数名词并列时，一般不用冠词。词。Hand and foot,heart

49、and soul,father and son,Hand and foot,heart and soul,father and son,knife and fork,bread and butter,from right to knife and fork,bread and butter,from right to left,day and night,face to face,day by day,left,day and night,face to face,day by day,word for wordword for word逐字地逐字地,husband and wife,husb

50、and and wife三、一冠之差，意思不同。A most很-the most最-等等四、society做“社会”时，如果泛指一般的社会，前面不用定冠词；如果表示特定的某个社会，要用定冠词。A thief is a danger to society.The society of the Greeks was based on freedom.五、方位名词作状语时，前面不用定冠。另外，方五、方位名词作状语时，前面不用定冠。另外，方位名词作定语修饰专有名词时，前面不加冠词，位名词作定语修饰专有名词时，前面不加冠词，但第一个字母要大写。但第一个字母要大写。The window faces nor