高三英语一轮复习：高考语法冠词的用法及真题练习.docx

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1、高三英语一轮复习：高考语法冠词的用法及真题练习【命题解读】冠词是历年高考的必考点，对于冠词的考查主要集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯用法，高考中常见的考点如下：冠词的泛指、特指在形容词和副词比拟等级前的用法固定搭配a和an的区别（2017新增）【命题预测】预计2020年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，以语篇型 语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。【名师指导】复习冠词须把握好以下三个原那么：单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指;复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。不定

2、冠词【典例】2021 全国新高考 I 卷语法填空】While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit!【参考答案】5 . turn意为变为，成为时，后面作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词。但是 become意为变为，成为时，后面作表语的单数名词前加不定冠词。His dream is to turn lawyer while his sisters is to become a dancer.6 .名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any 等指示代词、形容词 性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格

3、时，其前不加冠词。I want that book about cars.（ 2021.6新高考二卷）A company 44（represent） wrote back and told me the airline wasswitching over 45 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 dailyflights.the【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班 的塑料杯换成纸杯。特指1200个航班的塑料杯，用定冠词,所以填the。（ 2021 全国甲卷语法填空T8）It took us

4、 about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xian City Wall.Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示一直；完 全地可知短语为all the way ,故用定冠词the限定名词wayo故填theo（2021 全国乙卷语法填空T5 ）Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of

5、 trips are now being classified as ecotourism.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现 在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可矢口，止匕处特指与环 境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。（2021 新高考I卷语法填空口 0 ）While youzre in China, Mount Huangshan is 10

6、 must to visit!【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作 名词时，意为绝对必要的事物，为可数名词，此处泛指一个必须去的地方，应用不 定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a0故填ao（ 2021 浙江卷语法填空T9）9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.【答案】The【解析】考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日 益增长的家庭的需

7、要。根据句意可知，此处意为林肯一家；根据设空后的Lincolns 可知，此处考查the+姓氏复数，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以 首字母要大写。故填The。【2019新课标I卷语法填空】Of _69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为在的19个北极熊亚种群中，故填 the0【2019浙江卷语法填空】E

8、verybody wears 57 same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思 是相同的，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the0【2018新课标卷II语法填空】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125% ,而大米只增 长了 7%o故是特指在过去的25年里。故填t

9、he。【2018新课标卷III语法填空】Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a400-pound male appears.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of ,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊 叫。【2017新课标卷I语法填空】As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up f

10、or that something missing.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填ao【2017新课标卷II 语法填空】This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在top前加theo考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为绝对必要的

11、事物，为可数名词，此处泛指一个必须去的地方，应用 不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a0故填a0【不定冠词提分秘籍】不定冠词有两个，a和ano a用在辅音开头（不是辅音字母，是音标）的单词 前面；an用于以元音开头（不是元音字母，是音标）的单词前。如：a book, an apple ; a university , an hour.1 .用于泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。The village where I was born has grown into a town.2 .用于第一次提到或出现的名词前，表泛指，不特别指明具体情况。There is a cup on the de

12、sk, but the cup isnzt mine.3 .用于序数词前，表示又一，再一。I have three books, and I want to buy a fourth one.4 .用于形容词的比拟级前，表示一个更的。If we sit near the front of the bus, well have a better view.5 .用于姓名、星期名称前，表示某个名叫的人，一个跟某人相仿的人，某人 的作品、创造或某个星期几。Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. 专家

13、们认为这幅新发现的油画或许是毕加索的画作。6 .用于表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前表示每一。He works eight hours a day.7 .用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。这类名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加冠词。但如果表示具体的人或 事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面要加不定冠词。具有此用法的名词有:success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, comfort, honor 等。surprise 惊奇-a surprise一件意想不到/令人惊奇的事failure 失败a failu

14、re一个失败的人；一件失败的事success 成功-a success一个成功的人；一件成功的事rain 雨a heavy rain一场大雨注意:常考的不可数名词有:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空)，advice, word(消息)progress, information, news, equipment, wealth等。这些不可数名词一般不与不定冠词连用。8 .用于短语搭配中have/take + a(n)+与动词同形的名词，表示动作的一次。have/take a rest 休息一会儿;have/ta

15、ke a look 看一下;have/take a bath 洗 个澡。(2)go out for a(n) +名词，表示从事某项活动。go out for an outing 去郊游;go out for a picnic 去野餐。(3)习惯搭配中。come to an end 结束;drop sb. a line 给某人写信；at a disadvantage 处于不 利地位；in a way从一方面说;in a word总之;in a sense就某种意义来说;on a diet 吃特定食物；with a view to为了 ,鉴于。【典例】2021浙江卷6月语法填空】Lincolns

16、enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.【参考答案】考察定冠词。根据后面的Lincolns可知，此处表示林肯一家人。故填the。 【定冠词提分秘籍】1 .特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，这是定冠词的基本用法The books on the desk were published last month.桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。The factory I mentioned has installed a new assembly line.我提到的那家

17、工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。We were all lost in the beauty of nature.我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。2 .再次提到前面已出现的人或事物，表示特指I met a friend in the street ; he said he had been seriously ill.我在街上遇见了一位朋友，他说他生过一场大病。He told us a story , but I was not interested in the story.他给我们讲了一个故事，但我对这个故事不感兴趣。3 .指谈话双方彼此都知道的人或事物We went to the station

18、 to see the manager off.我们到车站为经理送行。4 .用在某些可数名词单数前，用来指事物的整体（总称）与其他事物的区别The telephone was invented by Bell. 是贝尔创造的。The elephant is much stronger than the horse.象比马强壮得多。5 .用在表示某国人的名词前the Chinese 中国人;the French 法国人;the English 英国人;the Spanish 西班牙人；the Dutch 荷兰人；the Irish 爰尔兰人；the Swiss 瑞士人;the Japanese

19、日本人。6 .某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人（表示复数）the homeless 无家可归的人；the rich 富人;the poor 穷人;the blind 盲人; the old 老年人;the young 年轻人;the strong 强者;the weak 弱者;the sick 病 人;the wounded 伤者。7 .在序数词前要加定冠词the（有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示再次又一）She lives on the twelfth floor.她住在十二楼。8 .在形容词最高级及形容词0nly（唯一的）,very（正是那个），same（同样的）等前 加定冠词th

20、eThis is the most interesting film I have ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。He must be the only student who has ever been to the city in our class.他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的同学。Thats the very thing Fve been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。9 .在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词thethe earth 地壬求；the moon 月亮;the sun 太阳;the sky 天空;the universe 宇宙；th

21、e world 世界;the air 空中；the ground 地面。10 .用于时间、重量等单位名词之前，表示每一个单位The boat is hired by the hour.小船按小时出租。There are two or three apples to the pound.每磅有两三个苹果。11 .在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词thein the east/south/west/north 在东/南/西/北方;on the right/left 在右/左边。12 .在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠 词 the the Yellow River 黄

22、河;the Rhine 莱茵河;the Pacific 太平洋;the Red Sea 红海;the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉;the British Isles 不列颠群岛;the Taiwan Strait 台湾海峡；the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠。13 .用在逢十的数词前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1980s/1980s 在 20 世纪 80 年代。14 .乐器名称前用定冠词theShe plays the piano best in her class.她钢琴在班上弹得最好。15 .在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示一家the Browns布朗一家;the

23、Lis姓李的一家。16 .在动词+ sb. +介词+ the +表身体部位的名词”的固定结构中hit sb. in the face打某人的脸ake sb. by the arm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手; pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩;hit sb. on the head 打某人的头。本结构中不能用物主代词替代定冠词，常用于该结构的动词有pat ,strike ,beat , hit , catch , put , take 等。17 .在短语搭配中in the end 最后;come to the point 谈到正题；on the contrary 相反

24、;in the morning 在早晨;in the distance 在远处;in the water 在水中;on the subject of 关于的主题；on the air在广播。含有冠词的词组分析【典例】【2022浙江卷1月语法填空】Cobb Jor her part .started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether she could do so remotely ,about three quarters of 63 time, they agreed【参考答案】考查定冠词表示特指和在固

25、定搭配中的用法。about three-quarters of the time （约四分之三的情况下）与固定搭配most of the time （多数情况下）在结 构上类似。故填the。【冠词词组分析提分秘籍】英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的 词组。1. in front of在（外）的前面；in the front of在（内）的前面There is a garden in front of the classroom.教室前面有个花园。（夕卜）There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

26、教室前面有一块黑板。 （内）2. in charge of 掌管、负责；in the charge of 在 负责之下An experienced worker is in charge of the project.一位有经验的个人负责这 个工程。The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个工程由一位经验 丰富的工人负责。3. at table在进餐、吃饭时;at the table在桌旁He seldom talks at table.吃饭时他很少说话。They sat at the table, talking and

27、 laughing.他们坐在桌旁,边说边笑。4. by day白天、日间；by the day按日计He works in an office by day.他白天在办公室工作。Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.大城市的清洁女工按日获 得报酬。5. take place 发生、举行;take the place (of)代替、接替When did this conversation take place?这次谈话什么时候进行的？日ectric trains have now taken the place of steam tra

28、ins in our country. 在 我们国家，电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。6. in words 用语言；in a word 总之Please express your thoughts in words.请用言语表达你的想法。In a word, I dont trust you.总之,我不相信你。7. at times 有时、不时；at a time 一次I do feel a little nervous at times.有时我确实感到有些紧张。Pass me the bricks two at a time.每次递给我两块砖。8. little少、不多的;a little 一

29、些、一点儿Hurry up, there isttle time left.快点，时间不多了。Dont hurry, you still have a little time.不用急，你还有时间。9. few很少、几乎没有的;a few有些、几个He is a man of few words.他是一个少言寡语的人。Only a few of the children can read.只有几个孩子会阅读。10. a most interesting 非常有趣的;the most interesting 最有趣的(形容词 的最局J级)This is a most interesting sto

30、ry.这是一个非常有趣的故事。This is the most interesting story of the three.这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。11. a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 ； a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和 一位护士a doctor and nurse is standing there.一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。a doctor and a nurse are standing there. 一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。12. a number of许多、好些；the number of .的数目（后面的谓语动词用 单数）

31、A number of students are in the classroom.许多学生在教室里。The number of students in the classroom is forty.教室里有 40 个学生。零冠词1 .不含普通名词的专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词或不可 数名词前通常不加冠词。Rock climbing is of great fun. You will get close to nature and take adventures at the same time.2 .表示季节、月份、星期、节日、学科、语言、球类、棋类以及三餐等的名词前， 常用零冠词。He had nothing for breakfast this morning.Spring comes after winter.3 .表示独一无二的职位、职务、头衔的名词在句中作表语、补足语、同位语时, 其前通常不加冠词。We made him monitor of our class.4 .在单数可数名词+ as/though引导的让步状语从句中，单数可数名词前不加 冠词。Good choice as/though it may be, he has decided to give it up.