商务合同论文-商务英语合同词汇特点和翻译技巧分析.docx

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1、AnalysisonWordFeaturesandTranslationSkillsinBusinessEnglishContracts商务英语合同词汇特点和翻译技巧分析摘要随着全球经济一体化和中国与世界各国之间的经济往来的不断密切和加深，尤其是自从中国加入WTO以来，中国与世界各国的经济交流越来越密切。在国际交流和贸易过程中，商务合同尤其是商务英语合同作为国际贸易与协作中约定双方权利与义务以及确立双方沟通方式的重要手段，其词汇特点和翻译技巧也越来越被更多的人加以研究。本文试从商务英语合同的用词特色及翻译技巧等方面对商务英语合同的一些特点和翻译过程中值得注意的地方进行探讨和沟通，力求为从业者和

2、研究者提供有益的借鉴和参考。本文第一章重点分析了商务英语合同的发展背景、国内研究现状、研究意义等方面的内容，并详细介绍了商务英语合同在中国的快速发展情况； 第二章交代了商务英语合同的概念和词汇特点, 并详细阐述了相关特点中专用名词、书面语、古体语、外来语、情态动词以及缩略语在商务英语合同中的使用情况； 第三和第四章两章则从商务英语合同的翻译技巧和有利建议的方面进行了细致描述，并从古体词的准确翻译、专有名词的标准化翻译、公文的常用副词使用、易混词的专注度以及译本的规范和流畅方面重点阐述了相关翻译技巧。通过以上分析，本文作者致力于将商务英语合同的特点和翻译技巧陈述出来， 希望能够对以后的从业人员和

3、翻译者的翻译和研究事业产生有利影响。关键词： 商务合同； 国际交流； 翻译AbstractWith the development of the economic globalization and the economic relationship between China and other countries becoming closer and deeper, especially Chinas attendance of WTO, the economic communication between China and other countries becomes closer

4、 and closer. In the process of international communication and trading, business contract especially the business English contract as an important means of appointing two parties rights and responsibilities and setting up bilateral communicative ways in international trading and cooperation has been

5、 received more and more attention from the researchers. Business English words characters and translation principles and means has been brought into more and more peoples studying field.This thesis attempts to discover and discuss some features in business English contracts and the problems encounte

6、red in the process of translation from these aspects of business English contracts words features and translation skills wroth of noticing in order to provide the advantageous reference for the professionals and researchers. The first chapter of the essay lays stress on business English Contracts de

7、veloping background, domestic studying situation, studying meanings and so on and introduce the rapid development situation of business English contracts; The second chapter depicts the concept of business English contract and the words characters, meanwhile, it demonstrates the using situation of c

8、orresponding features including the technical term, written words, archaism, loanwords, modal verbs as well as abbreviations; The third and last chapter present every detail of business English contracts translation skills and favorable suggestions, and the author demonstrates the translation skills

9、 from many skills like skill of accurate archaism, skill of regularized formal terms, skill of using conventional adverbs in official document, skill of paying attention on confusing words, skill of accordance with norm and fluency. Through all of the above analysis, the author devotes himself into

10、depicting the features and translation skills of business English contracts so as to influence the futures studies and translation professionals positively.Keywords: Business Contract; International Communication; TranslationI. IntroductionII. Words Features of Business English Contracts2.1 Usage of

11、 technical terms 2.2 Usage of archaism 2.3 Usage of written words 2.4 Usage of loanwords 2.5 Usage of modal verbs 2.6 Usage of abbreviationsIII. Translation Skills of Business English Contract3.1 Skill of accurate archaism3.2 Skill of regularized formal terms3.3 Skill of using conventional adverbs i

12、n official documents language3.4 Skill of paying attention on confusing words 3.5 Skill of accordance with norm and fluencyIV Suggestions in Business English Contracts Translation Process4.1 Being familiar with the related knowledge of business English 4.2 Using the technical terms 4.3 Understanding

13、 the words and linguistic characters of business contract V. ConclusionWorks CitedAcknowledgements I. IntroductionWith the development of economy and trading integration, business English as the basic communicative tool has been used widely in every trading cooperation. Contracts as the tool for dif

14、ferent countries trading with others, has been brought into peoples discussion for a long time. Due to the oppositely conservative economic style and rare communication with other countries, the related study on business English Contracts was very rare before 21st in China. While the situation chang

15、ed a lot from the beginning of the new era of 21st century with the booming development of related works.Business English contracts is a kind of text form with strong professionalism and responsibility. 1 To acquire business English contracts words characters and translation skills will be good for

16、assisting related trading activities communication and cooperation effectively and authoritatively. This paper aims at analyzing the character of words in business English contracts and the translation skills worthy of studying in order to help all of the students, professionals and related research

17、ers of this field obtain a good knowledge of business English contracts, and also provide them with advantageous reference and assistance in their futures study. Whats more, all of the related works booming development will surely advance Chinas marketing economic development and progress, prompt th

18、e blend of economy of China and other countries, which certainly will have extremely positive affection in world economic integrity.II. Words Features of Business English ContractsBusiness contract is the main guarantee of bilateral profits, its words should be formal, serious, detailed, accurate, c

19、omplex, profound and distinguished. 2 Thus in the process of signing a contract, related people have to adopt regularized terms and expressing ways to make sure the contract are coherent, its content is true and is with legal effect. In view of the above mentioned requirements, the words of business

20、 English contracts should have many characters, like the mass usages of technical terms, written words, archaisms, loanwords, modal verbs and abbreviations. 2.1 Usage of technical terms Technical terms in contract defines the words with specific meaning and character and being used not as common and

21、 ordinary meaning. On account of the legal effect, it always need many professional words, law terms to protocol an agreement in order to make the words meaning sole and specific without any emotional color and different meaning. There are many commonly used terms listed, like “for your reference”,

22、“for ones file”, “in your favor”, “by separate post” and “advance payment” and so on. 32.2 Usage of archaismThe massive use of archaisms is an obvious character of business English contract. For the language of business English is very formal with many written words, there are many words being used

23、in documents and contracts rarely used in other fields. Archaisms are the words with formal language style, most of them are the adverbial compound words combined by propositions like there and here, where and by, after, in, at and so on. Just like the words “hereby”, “hereafter” and “whereby” and s

24、o on. 42.3 Usage of written wordsAs business English contracts should rule the two parties rights, obligations, duties and action norms directly who signed the contract, therefore the written words are usually used to stand out the contracts seriousness and professional textual characters. For examp

25、le, “in effect” is always used to take the place of “in fact”; “desire to do” is always used to take the place of “wish to do”; “deem” is always used to take the place of “think” and “believe” and so on. 52.4 Usage of loanwordsSome business technical terms used in business contract originates from L

26、atin or French, some are derived words or compound words by the root of them. Most of the terms have the same prefix or suffix and have the stable meanings being advantageous for expressing exactly. For example, “as per” comes from Greek; “inter alia”, “ad valorem duty”, “stare decisis” all originat

27、e from Lation, which will be written as italic type in business contract. 62.5 Usage of modal verbsThe purpose of signing a business contract lies in define two parities rights and obligations in case of any legal dispute. Consequently, there existing lots of similar depictions in the items of a con

28、tract, like “something must be done”, “something may be done” and “something shall not be done” and so on. Under such circumstances, many modal verbs will be used in business contract. Apart from being used to express the future tense, some modal verbs have many other particular meanings in law, whi

29、ch could be paid more attention in translation process. To set some examples, “shall” commonly mean the obligation in business contract namely what should be done. And if it hasnt been performed, such action will be seen as default. Thus “shall” means “should” or “have to” in the translation text; “

30、May” commonly mean the right, power or privilege in business contract namely what can be done. And if expressing some right is mandatory, “be entitled” should be used usually; “Must” is generally used to express the compulsory situation by law namely what should be done, and the tone is stronger tha

31、t “shall”; “Will” is generally used to express the compulsory situation without regulations in law, and the tone of it is weaker that “shall”. 72.6 Usage of abbreviationsAs kind of professional legal document, business English contract is tedious and complicated. And in order to make the contract co

32、nvenient to be communicated, remembered and recorded, numerous abbreviations will be used in business English contract. The several simple liters used in business contract can convey complex meanings, whose interpretations have become a convention internationally. In general, the payment way, delive

33、ry way, insurance way, price items, currency, measurement and other organizations, companies and countries always arise as abbreviations. For “LC”= letter of credit; L&D=loans and damage; L&D.=loans and discounts; FOB=Free on Board; A/R=all risks; SHINC=Sunday and Holiday Included etc,. 81. 基于C8051F

34、单片机直流电动机反馈控制系统的设计与研究2. 基于单片机的嵌入式Web服务器的研究 3. MOTOROLA单片机MC68HC（8）05PV8/A内嵌EEPROM的工艺和制程方法及对良率的影响研究 4. 基于模糊控制的电阻钎焊单片机温度控制系统的研制 5. 基于MCS-51系列单片机的通用控制模块的研究 6. 基于单片机实现的供暖系统最佳启停自校正（STR）调节器7. 单片机控制的二级倒立摆系统的研究8. 基于增强型51系列单片机的TCP/IP协议栈的实现 9. 基于单片机的蓄电池自动监测系统 10. 基于32位嵌入式单片机系统的图像采集与处理技术的研究11. 基于单片机的作物营养诊断专家系统的

35、研究 12. 基于单片机的交流伺服电机运动控制系统研究与开发 13. 基于单片机的泵管内壁硬度测试仪的研制 14. 基于单片机的自动找平控制系统研究 15. 基于C8051F040单片机的嵌入式系统开发 16. 基于单片机的液压动力系统状态监测仪开发 17. 模糊Smith智能控制方法的研究及其单片机实现 18. 一种基于单片机的轴快流CO,2激光器的手持控制面板的研制 19. 基于双单片机冲床数控系统的研究 20. 基于CYGNAL单片机的在线间歇式浊度仪的研制 21. 基于单片机的喷油泵试验台控制器的研制 22. 基于单片机的软起动器的研究和设计 23. 基于单片机控制的高速快走丝电火花线

36、切割机床短循环走丝方式研究 24. 基于单片机的机电产品控制系统开发 25. 基于PIC单片机的智能手机充电器 26. 基于单片机的实时内核设计及其应用研究 27. 基于单片机的远程抄表系统的设计与研究 28. 基于单片机的烟气二氧化硫浓度检测仪的研制 29. 基于微型光谱仪的单片机系统 30. 单片机系统软件构件开发的技术研究 31. 基于单片机的液体点滴速度自动检测仪的研制32. 基于单片机系统的多功能温度测量仪的研制 33. 基于PIC单片机的电能采集终端的设计和应用 34. 基于单片机的光纤光栅解调仪的研制 35. 气压式线性摩擦焊机单片机控制系统的研制 36. 基于单片机的数字磁通门

37、传感器 37. 基于单片机的旋转变压器-数字转换器的研究 38. 基于单片机的光纤Bragg光栅解调系统的研究 39. 单片机控制的便携式多功能乳腺治疗仪的研制 40. 基于C8051F020单片机的多生理信号检测仪 41. 基于单片机的电机运动控制系统设计 42. Pico专用单片机核的可测性设计研究 43. 基于MCS-51单片机的热量计 44. 基于双单片机的智能遥测微型气象站 45. MCS-51单片机构建机器人的实践研究 46. 基于单片机的轮轨力检测 47. 基于单片机的GPS定位仪的研究与实现 48. 基于单片机的电液伺服控制系统 49. 用于单片机系统的MMC卡文件系统研制 5

38、0. 基于单片机的时控和计数系统性能优化的研究 51. 基于单片机和CPLD的粗光栅位移测量系统研究 52. 单片机控制的后备式方波UPS 53. 提升高职学生单片机应用能力的探究 54. 基于单片机控制的自动低频减载装置研究 55. 基于单片机控制的水下焊接电源的研究 56. 基于单片机的多通道数据采集系统 57. 基于uPSD3234单片机的氚表面污染测量仪的研制 58. 基于单片机的红外测油仪的研究 59. 96系列单片机仿真器研究与设计 60. 基于单片机的单晶金刚石刀具刃磨设备的数控改造 61. 基于单片机的温度智能控制系统的设计与实现 62. 基于MSP430单片机的电梯门机控制器

39、的研制 63. 基于单片机的气体测漏仪的研究 64. 基于三菱M16C/6N系列单片机的CAN/USB协议转换器 65. 基于单片机和DSP的变压器油色谱在线监测技术研究 66. 基于单片机的膛壁温度报警系统设计 67. 基于AVR单片机的低压无功补偿控制器的设计 68. 基于单片机船舶电力推进电机监测系统 69. 基于单片机网络的振动信号的采集系统 70. 基于单片机的大容量数据存储技术的应用研究 71. 基于单片机的叠图机研究与教学方法实践 72. 基于单片机嵌入式Web服务器技术的研究及实现 73. 基于AT89S52单片机的通用数据采集系统 74. 基于单片机的多道脉冲幅度分析仪研究

40、75. 机器人旋转电弧传感角焊缝跟踪单片机控制系统 76. 基于单片机的控制系统在PLC虚拟教学实验中的应用研究77. 基于单片机系统的网络通信研究与应用 78. 基于PIC16F877单片机的莫尔斯码自动译码系统设计与研究79. 基于单片机的模糊控制器在工业电阻炉上的应用研究 80. 基于双单片机冲床数控系统的研究与开发 81. 基于Cygnal单片机的C/OS-的研究82. 基于单片机的一体化智能差示扫描量热仪系统研究 83. 基于TCP/IP协议的单片机与Internet互联的研究与实现 84. 变频调速液压电梯单片机控制器的研究 85. 基于单片机-免疫计数器自动换样功能的研究与实现

41、86. 基于单片机的倒立摆控制系统设计与实现 87. 单片机嵌入式以太网防盗报警系统 88. 基于51单片机的嵌入式Internet系统的设计与实现 89. 单片机监测系统在挤压机上的应用 90. MSP430单片机在智能水表系统上的研究与应用 91. 基于单片机的嵌入式系统中TCP/IP协议栈的实现与应用92. 单片机在高楼恒压供水系统中的应用 93. 基于ATmega16单片机的流量控制器的开发 94. 基于MSP430单片机的远程抄表系统及智能网络水表的设计95. 基于MSP430单片机具有数据存储与回放功能的嵌入式电子血压计的设计 96. 基于单片机的氨分解率检测系统的研究与开发 97

42、. 锅炉的单片机控制系统 98. 基于单片机控制的电磁振动式播种控制系统的设计 99. 基于单片机技术的WDR-01型聚氨酯导热系数测试仪的研制 100. 一种RISC结构8位单片机的设计与实现 101. 基于单片机的公寓用电智能管理系统设计 102. 基于单片机的温度测控系统在温室大棚中的设计与实现103. 基于MSP430单片机的数字化超声电源的研制 104. 基于ADC841单片机的防爆软起动综合控制器的研究105. 基于单片机控制的井下低爆综合保护系统的设计 106. 基于单片机的空调器故障诊断系统的设计研究 107. 单片机实现的寻呼机编码器 108. 单片机实现的鲁棒MRACS及其

43、在液压系统中的应用研究 109. 自适应控制的单片机实现方法及基上隅角瓦斯积聚处理中的应用研究110. 基于单片机的锅炉智能控制器的设计与研究 111. 超精密机床床身隔振的单片机主动控制 112. PIC单片机在空调中的应用 113. 单片机控制力矩加载控制系统的研究 项目论证，项目可行性研究报告，可行性研究报告，项目推广，项目研究报告，项目设计，项目建议书，项目可研报告，本文档支持完整下载，支持任意编辑！选择我们，选择成功！项目论证，项目可行性研究报告，可行性研究报告，项目推广，项目研究报告，项目设计，项目建议书，项目可研报告，本文档支持完整下载，支持任意编辑！选择我们，选择成功！单片机论文，毕业设计，毕业论文，单片机设计，硕士论文，研究生论文，单片机研究论文，单片机设计论文，优秀毕业论文，毕业论文设计，毕业过关论文，毕业设计，毕业设计说明，毕业论文，单片机论文，基于单片机论文，毕业论文终稿，毕业论文初稿，本文档支持完整下载，支持任意编辑！本文档全网独一无二，放心使用，下载这篇文档，定会成功！