全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题理工类.pdf

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1、全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题 理工类A级（一）第一部分：词汇选项(第 1“5 题，每 题 1 分，共 15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4 个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1.That problem is secondary to the one now facing us.A)less important thanB)later thanC)better thanD)more exciting than2.It is difficult to assess the importance

2、 of the decision.A)commentB)reportC)discussD)evaluate3.You must try to wipe out the memory of these horrible events.A)unfairB)strangeC)terribleD)unusual4.He spoke in such a pleasant manner that I felt at ease with him at once.A)confidentB)relaxingC)formalD)comfortable5.He worked so hard that eventua

3、lly he fell ill.A)finallyB)recentlyC)thenD)surely6.He thought it better to begin working immediately.A)recentlyB)at onceC)earlyD)rapidly7.She always finds fault with everything.A)simplifiesB)examinesC)evaluatesD)criticizes8.She has a steady income.A)sharpB)continuousC)generalD)relative9.,Sometimes i

4、t is advisable to book hotels in advance.A)easyB)profitableC)wiseD)possible10.The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.A)statementB)gameC)mysteryD)fact11.They depicted the thrilling situation to us in great detail.A)praisesB)writesC)imitatesD)describes12.William Faulkners stories refle

5、ct his Mississippi upbringing.A)showB)coverC)visitD)appear13.According to the American Red Cross,blood and plasma donors are urgently needed afternatural disasters or other catastrophes.A)typicallyB)desperatelyC)tentativelyD)conceivably14.Dumped waste might conlaminate Water supplies.A）delayB）destro

6、yC）decreaseD）pollute15.After listening to the testimony,the members of the jury delivered their verdict.A）foremanB）decisionC）cross examinationD）sentence第二部分：阅读判断（第 1622题，每 题 1 分，共 7 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A 涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B 涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C 涂黑。

7、Green Roof ResearchThe concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs,thus helping to replacethe green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building.Green roofs arethe most prevalent（流行）in Germany,which is widely regarded as the leader in green roofrese

8、arch.The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as extensive andintensive1 systems.Extensive green roofs use mosses,grasses and herbs,which are tolerantto droughts.These plants do not Reed much maintenance,can be grown in a layer of substrate（土层）that can be as shallow as 1.5 inches,a

9、nd generally are inaccessible to the public.In contrast,awide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs,such as shrubs（灌木）and eventrees,which require deeper substrate layers,and are usually grown on flat roofs.They needintensive maintenance,and are usually areas that resemble par

10、ks which are accessible to people.There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies.Apart from the obviouspsychological and aesthetic（美学的）benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you,someof the common economic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy；

11、air and water purification；recovering green spaces；and the mitigation（缓解）of the heal islandeffect in urban areas.The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species ofplants that are suitable to be grown on roofs,the methods of propagation（繁殖）as well asestablishmen

12、t,nutrient（养料）and water requirement,substrates,and the quantity and qualityof water runoff.The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds：tolerance of cold and heat:tolerance of droughtconditions:capacity of persistence an

13、d survival.A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at variousresearch centers.These sites are generally outfitted with equipment,which are used to measuretemperatures at different depths of the growing substrates,and the rate and volume of the runoff ofstormwaters fr

14、om each of the platforms.Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors.And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-amarket that is too huge to be overlooked.16 It is estimated that around 10 percent

15、of the flat roofs in Germany are green.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 Green roof is

16、 an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 One of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 One focus；n the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant specie

17、s.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment,its potential marketis rather small.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 2330题，每 题 1分，共 8 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2 项测试任务：（1）第 23 26题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第2,3,5,6 段每段选择1 个正确的小标题；（2）第 27 30题要求从所给的6 个选项中选

18、择4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置匕More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good ThingAlthough the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that peoplewho sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people

19、 who clock up 9or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as anumber of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night

20、s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.These findings,which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night s rest may not need to set aside o more than8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea for people who sleep more than 8 ho

21、urseach night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cautioned that moreresearch is needed to confirm this.Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep 一 forinstance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours e

22、ach nighthave a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1 ,004 adults to sleepquestionnaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whetherthey experienced any sleep problems.Sleep

23、problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interferewith day-to-day functioning.KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely toreport experiencing each sleep probl

24、em than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview,Kripkenoted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much timein bed.As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.Itstands to reason that if a person spends too long a time i

25、n bed,then they 1 1 spend a higherpercentage of time awake.he said.23.Paragraph 2 _.24.Paragraph 4_.25.Paragraph 5_.26.Paragraph 6_.A.Keprike s research toolB.Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleepC.Criticism on Kripke s reportD.A way of overcoming insomniaE.Sleep problems of long and short sleepers

26、F.Classification of sleep problems27.To get a good nightJ s rest,people may not need to_.28.Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to_.29.One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night,unable to_.30.One survey showed that people who habitually_ each night have a higher risk ofd

27、ying.A fall asleep again.B become more energetic the following dayC sleep less than 7 hoursD confirm those serious consequencesE suffer sleep problemsF sleep more than 8 hours第四部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题，每题后面有4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 Ants Have Big

28、Impact on Environment as“Ecosystem Engineers”Research by the University of Exeter 1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their localenvironment as a result of their activity as“ecosystem engineers”and predators.The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two dist

29、inct effects on their localenvironment.Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affectthe level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animalgroups,from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Second

30、ly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can beattacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the universitys Centre for Ecology andConservation,said:Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.Theyre alsovery terr

31、itorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against otherpredators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.v“In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we found is that despite being pre

32、dators,their presence can also lead to an increase indensity and diversity of other animal groups4.They genuinely play a key role in the localenvironment,having a big influence on the grassland food web,Sanders said.The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of differentcomb

33、inations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can befound across Europe,including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increasedthe diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivoresand decomposers.

34、At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation iscounteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:What we find is that the impact of antson soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the numbe

35、r ofants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect thereby counteracting the positiveinfluence via ecosystem engineering.MAnts are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part ofthe animal biomass5but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant

36、 biodiversity6isincredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviouslyreduces its richness.However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance ofant services to the ecosystem?.Ants are important in below ground processes8 through thealteration of t

37、he physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.31.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?A Because they build their own nests.B Because they collect food.C Because their activity affects the environment.D Because they are predat

38、ors.32.As predators,antsA prey on small as well as large animals.B collect nutritious food from the soilC collect food as decomposers.D prey on species much higher up the food chain.33.Dir Sanders,study centered on how antsA can manage to thrive in huge numbers.B defend their resources and territory

39、 against other predators.C attack those invading animals for survival.D produce such a big impact on the environment.34.What does paragraph 6 tell us?A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their popula

40、tion is small.C Ants predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.D At higher density,ants produce a positive influence on an area.35.What still remains unclear about ants,according to the last paragraph?A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live?B How do

41、ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem?C How do human activities affect ants1 influence on a given ecosystem?D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?第二篇 Cell Phones:Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today.In many places it is actually c

42、onsideredunusual not to use one.In many countries,cell phones are very popular with young people.Theyfind that the phones are more than a means of communicationhaving a mobile phone shows thatthey are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professiona

43、l worried.Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from theuse of mobile phones.In England,there has been a serous debate about this issue.Mobile phonecompanies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas.They say that there is no proofthat mobi

44、le phones are bad for your health.On the other hand,why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of somepeople who use mobile phones?Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can bedetected with modern scanning（扫描）equipment.In one case,a traveling salesman had to retireat a

45、young age because of serious memory loss.He couldnt remember even simple tasks.Hewould often forget the name of his own son.This man used to talk on his mobile phone for aboutsix hours a day,every day of his working week,for a couple of years.His family doctor blamedhis mobile phone use,but his empl

46、oyers doctor didnt agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful?The answer is radiation.High-techmachines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones.Mobile phonecompanies agree that there is some radiation,but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the

47、 discussion about their safety continues,it appears that its best to use mobile phonesless often.Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time.Use your mobile phone onlywhen you really need it.Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient,especially inemergencies.In the future,mobile

48、phones may have a warning label that says they are bad foryour health.So for now,ifs wise not to use your mobile phone too often.36.People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT thatA.theyre popular.B.they9re cheap.C.theyre.usefulD.theyre convenient.37.The word“detected”in paragraph 3 coul

49、d be best replaced byA.cured.B.removed.C.discovered.D.caused.38.The salesman retired young becauseA.he disliked using mobile phones.B.he was tired of talking on his mobile phone.C.he couldnt remember simple tasks.D.his employers doctor persuaded him to.39.On the safety issue of mobile phones,the man

50、ufacturing companiesA.deny the existence of mobile phone radiation.B.develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation.C.try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.D.hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.40.The writers purpose of writing this article is t