2023年全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题理工类A级二.docx

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1、一、词汇选项(共15题，共15.0分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1 1. They voted to abolish the office of second vice-president. A decorate B createC improveD eliminate 2. Eleanor Roosevelts dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and

2、abroad. A on the air B henceforthC nearbyD in foreign countries3. Choreographer Twyla Tharp uses familiar dance movements in original ways to create works filled with clever gestures and abrupt changes in motion and mood. A graceful B creativeC suddenD dramatic4. Red giant stars do not become white

3、dwarf stars abruptly; the process takes more than fifteen hundred years. A suddenly B in unisonC prematurelyD accidentally5. Although South Carolinas mineral resources are abundant, not all of them can be mined lucratively. A molten B plentifulC diverseD precious6. The most famous Shoshone Indian wa

4、s Sacagaweathe woman who accompanied Lewis and Clark on their exploration of the upper Missouri River. A traveled with B argued withC defendedD avoided7. It is now generally assumed that the planets were formed by the accretion of gas and dust in a cosmic cloud. A separation B reactionC accumulation

5、D motion 8. While they were away on vacation, they allowed their mail to accumulate at the post office. A be delivered B pile upC get lost D be returned9. If the weatherman has predicted accurately, tomorrow will be a perfect day for our picnic. A astutely B correctlyC carefully D acutely10. Usually

6、, in an attack of influenza, the patients limbs ache. A hurt B softenC get numbD get hot11. As aquatic plants moved millions of years ago from the ocean to the land, they underwent a number of adaptations. A mishaps B expansionsC setbacksD modifications12. One of Californias greatest problems is pro

7、viding adequate water to meet the needs of its expanding population. A sufficient B palatableC suitableD unpolluted13. Weed killers must be chosen and applied with great care to avoid damage to adjacent trees and shrubs. A indigenousB nearbyC perennialD similar14. Eleven states, including the adjoin

8、ing states of North and South Carolina, seceded from the United States in the 1860s and formed a southern confederacy. A separated B neighboringC colonialD competing15. I admire his work. A recognizeB exploitC tolerateD esteem二、阅读判断(共7题，共7.0分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。假如该句提供的是对的信息，请在答题卡上把

9、A涂黑；假如该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Mother Nature Shows Her StrengthTornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when

10、 he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,” Snyder said.Snyder only saw one of the fu

11、nnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew so

12、mething was wrong,” she said. “I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection.” The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much

13、money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so

14、high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes

15、for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them.“This was a really intense storm” said Snyder, “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce

16、. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.”16 16. The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned17. George Snyder was a firefighter. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned18. Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began. A RightB Wro

17、ng C Not mentioned19. Power supply system was not damaged during the storm. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned20. There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned21. Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people. A RightB Wrong C Not menti

18、oned22. Several people were missing during the storm. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned三、概括大意与完毕句子(共8题，共8.0分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题规定从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个对的的小标题；(2)第2730题规定从所给的6个选项中选择4个对的选项，分别完毕每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Earth Angels1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts

19、 (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach” campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep th

20、e beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two

21、years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of cigarette debris (残片).2 People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and oth

22、er students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. Th

23、ey also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did s

24、ome research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground watera real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Dont Be Crude” program runs oil-collection site

25、stanks that hold up to 460 gallonswhere people in the community can dispose of their oil.4 Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying

26、because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. “We really take water for granted,” says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it.” Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he ha

27、s since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health related services for people in African countries and developing countries.23 23. Paragraph 1 _24. Paragraph 2 _25. Paragraph 3 _26. Paragraph 4 _

28、A Provide Clean Water B Dig Oil Wells C Save Clean Water D Dont Litter E Dont Be Crude F Protect Wildlife27. Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to _.28. People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to _.29. Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to _.30. Ryan, with

29、 the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _. A make new materials B preserve wetland and animals C have clean air D have clean water E collect cigarette butts F collect disposed oil四、阅读理解(共15题，共45.0分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的

30、位置上。 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us dont question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GWs Columbian College of Arts and Scien

31、ces, have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high-quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food re

32、sources, in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large apeone that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzeesto walk on two legs.“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors migh

33、t have begun walking on two legs,” said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. O

34、ver time, intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto Universit

35、ys “outdoor laboratory” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nutthe oil palm nut, which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees behavior was monitored in thr

36、ee situations: (a) when only oil palm nuts were available, (b) when a small number of coula nuts were available, and (c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when c

37、oula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high-competition settings, the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving

38、on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything availableeven their mouths.The second study, by Kimberley

39、 Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared

40、 to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.31 31. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs? A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items. B Chimpanzees behaviors may suggest why humans walk

41、on two legs. C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources. D Our ancestors ecological conditions resembled those of modern-day chimpanzees.32. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding A when humans began walking on two legs. B what made o

42、ur ancestors walk upright? C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors. D how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources.33. Kyoto Universitys study discovered that chimpanzees A regarded both types of nut as priced resources. B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts. C like

43、d coula nuts better than oil palm nuts. D ignored both types of nut altogether.34. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto Universitys experiment? A Because they imitated the human way of walking just for fun. B Because they wanted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from

44、 them. C Because they wanted to get to the nut-rich forest faster by walking that way. D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.35. What can we infer from the reading passage? A Chimpanzees are in the same process of evolution as our ancestors were. B Chimpanzees are similar to h

45、umans in many behaviors. C Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantages. D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.Pool Watch Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the P

46、revention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drow

47、ning. When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguards paper. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair MeQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies. Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and th