【公开课课件】高考英语二轮专题复习之阅读理解猜测词义.pptx

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1、Reading Comprehension-New English Curriculum Standards For Guessing Meanings of Words新新课程标准课程标准对阅读理解之猜测词义的要求对阅读理解之猜测词义的要求正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础基础。词义并非完全等同词典中所标注的汉语意思，词义并非完全等同词典中所标注的汉语意思，其其在不同的语境中会有所不同。在不同的语境中会有所不同。根根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备

2、了一定的阅读理解能力，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。阅读文章时，阅读文章时，对对未见过的词未见过的词，可以通过可以通过上下文推断上下文推断出来，出来，这是阅读理解中经常考查的一种能力。这是阅读理解中经常考查的一种能力。Statistics on the type of questions:YearPassageQuestion2019()B25.What does the underlined word“stumbles”in paragraph 2 refer to?2019()A21.Who does I refer to in the text?2019()B26.What d

3、o the underlined wordstaking on in paragraph 4 mean?2018()C29.Which of the following best explainsdominant underlined in paragraph 2？2018()B26.What is“a juicer”in the last paragraph?2016()C29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph1?2015(ZJ)D56.Which of the follow

4、ing is the closest in meaning to The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”(Paragraph 3)?Statistics on the type of guessing meanings of wordsYear201920182017全国卷1(单词stumbles的含义)1(单词 dominant的含义)2(代词that的含义；短语the water catcher的含义)全国卷2(代词I的含义；短语tug at the heartstrings的含义)1(短语a juicer的含义)2(代词that的含义；句子t

5、he tables are turned的含义)全国卷1(短语taking on的含义)1(短句more is more的含义)1(单词displaced的含义)掌握词义猜测掌握词义猜测题的考查角度题的考查角度单词单词代词代词it,one,they,them,this,that.it,one,they,them,this,that.考向3考向2考向1短语和短语和句意句意典例(2018北京卷).Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless

6、cars will almost certainly be fielded by ridehailing services,considering the cost of selfdriving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues.But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.49What does the underlined wo

7、rd“fielded”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A Employed B Replaced C Shared D Reduced.field(n.场地)field vt.运用=employ(使用，运用)利用构词法（词性转换）-猜测词意考向1：猜测单词含义方法1.considerconsideration派生break+throughbreakthrough合成Its warm.Put on a coat to warm himself.转换方法2.典例 1.Cleaning up waterways is an Cleaning up waterways is

8、an enormousenormous task.The job is so task.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.rivers and lakes which have been polluted.2.(20172.(2017全国卷全

9、国卷)By translating the rich and humorous text of )By translating the rich and humorous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL,Deafinitely Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL,Deafinitely Theatre creates a new Theatre creates a new interpretationinterpretation of

10、Shakespeares comedy and aims to of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.groups as one audience.生词 同义词/近义词（上下文语境）largetranslatingtranslating 1.Mo

11、st of us agreed,1.Most of us agreed,howeverhowever,Bill,Bill dissenteddissented.2.(福建卷)If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored，you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track.Q:The underlined word“upbeat”in the second paragraph probab

12、ly means“_”Acheerful Baverage Cserious Dtemporary生词 disagree信号词(but,however,yet,although.)/反义词（上下文语境）利用同义词，近义词，反义词猜测词意(上下文)方法3.That museum is so That museum is so immenseimmense that that it will be impossible to see it will be impossible to see all the all the exhibitions in one dayexhibitions in o

13、ne day.典例(2019北京卷)Phytoplankton(浮游植物)lives at the ocean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not

14、only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow.43What does the underlined word“vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ASensitive BBeneficial CSignificant DUnnoticeablelarge 因果因果利用逻辑关系猜测词意(因果，转折，解释)方法4 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on Today young couples often spend lots of their mon

15、ey on appliancesappliances,for instancefor instance,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.典例(2018)In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education,especi

16、ally globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29Which of the following best explains“dominant”in paragraph 2?AComplex BAdvanced CPowerful DModern

17、家用电器家用电器划线生词信号词结合信号词推测词义（上下文语境）利用例证猜测词意(such as,like,for example.)方法5.The selfdriving vehicle is a great emblem of this data age,and that is to say,it is a sign of time.典例(2018全国卷)If you have a juicer,you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a“softserve”creamy

18、 dessert,to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a childrens party;they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.26What is“a juicer”in the last paragraph?AA dessertBA drink CA container DA machinesymbol划线生词同等关系信号词关键词

19、（上下文）推测词意利用同等关系猜测词意(that is,or,that is to say.)方法6.When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.麻醉药物利用 生活常识和文化背景考向2：代词的指代意义(this,that,it,them,these,those.)

20、典例(2017全国卷)Despite the celebrations,though,in the US.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that.29What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?AJazz becoming more accessible.

21、BThe production of jazz growing faster.CJazz being less popular with the young.DThe jazz audience becoming larger.第一步确定题干中的关键信息_第二步定位到原句，并找出该词所代替的内容(就近上指)_第三步综合判断得出答案_the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with

22、younger generations 分析：that指代爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢。代入替换，代入替换，确定答案确定答案就近原则，就近原则，向上向上(向下向下)搜索关键搜索关键词词找出指代词(it,they,them,this.)代词指代代词指代考向考向3：句意猜测题句意猜测题意义吻合定句意意义吻合定句意 典例典例(2019浙江卷浙江卷)Money with no strings attached.Its not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,a b

23、oard went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read,“Give What You Can,Take What You Need.”24What does the expression“money with no strings attached”in paragraph 1 mean?AMoney spent without hesitation.BMoney not legally made.CMoney offered without conditions.DMoney not tied

24、together.第一步确定题干中的关键信息第一步确定题干中的关键信息_第二步定位第二步定位到原句到原句，并找出与该句相并找出与该句相关的信息句关的信息句_第三步综合第三步综合判断得出答案判断得出答案_尽你所能，取你所需-无条件提供钱结合语境，结合语境，准确分析准确分析原句语法和逻辑关系原句语法和逻辑关系找出关键词句，合理找出关键词句，合理推断，归纳总结推断，归纳总结句意猜测句意猜测猜测词意代词指代题词义猜测题短语句意题step2:微观入手 就近原则(上下搜索)替换构词法猜测:合成 派生 转换同义，近义词&反义词猜测:like but however.逻辑关系猜测:因果 转折 并列 解释.例证

25、猜测:such as for instance.同等关系猜测:that is that is to say.生活常识文化背景:上下文语境结合常识对原句进行语法语义上进行准确分析，结合上下文合理推断step1:宏观把握 结合语境分析原句 合理推断Practise：1.(2016年 全国卷)Encouraging this kind of thingking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.A mistake B drawback C diffi

26、culty D burden 2.Other road users,including horse riders,manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?It is about time they had to be registered and insured,so then they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle,or cause an accident,at leat they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.A acci

27、dents B vehicles C pedestrains D cyclists downside 构词法down&side同义词drawback-draw&back3.2017（）Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States,but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s,wolves had practically disappear

28、ed from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada,where there were fewer humans around.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Tested B.Separated C.Forced out D.Tracked down4.2018（）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with object

29、s.Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.What do the words“more is more”in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.The more,the better.B.Enough is enough.C.More money,more worries.D.Earn more and spend more.The characteristics of a right choice 上下文逻辑通顺 含义和字面意思没有任何关系 与原句意思最接近More Practice More progress