考研超纲词汇.pdf

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1、hallucination n.幻觉，幻想Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception,distorting and altering it in a varietyof ways including producing hallucinations(n.).1997 年阅读 译文 迷幻剂主要影响人的感知，通过多种方式对感知加以扭曲或改变，其中包括产生幻觉。healthcare n.卫生保健The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competiti

2、ve(48：while)avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens(49：imposed)by employment rules,healthcare(n.)costs and pension plans.1997 年完形 译文 这种现象可以使公司保持全球范围的竞争力，同时避免了市场的恶性循环和由于雇佣规定、医疗保险费用和养老金计划所造成的压力。holodeck n.全息舱面In less than 30 years time the Star Trek holodeck(n.)will be a reality.2001 年翻译 译文 再过不

3、到30年，“星球旅行”号的全息舱面就会变为现实。homicide n.杀人,杀人者“Its like surgery,“he says,“We dont call those deaths homicides(n.)because the doctorsdidnt intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.If you,re a physician,you canrisk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.”2002 年

4、I 判读 译文“这就像做手术，”他说，“我们不能称那些死亡为杀人是因为医生并没有故意杀死病人，尽管他们敢冒病人死亡的危险。假定你是一名医生，只要你并没有故意让病人自杀，你就可以去冒令你的病人自杀的风险Jhorrify v.使恐怖Thats a prospect that horrifies(v.)Net purists.1999 年阅读 译文 这种前景让网络纯粹主义者感到不安。hospice n.旅客住宿处，收容所The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices(n.),to testkno

5、wledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code forhospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end oflife.2002 年阅读 译文 医疗行业采取步骤，让年轻医生去晚期病人休养所培训，对各种大胆的镇痛疗法方面的知识进行评估，为医院护理制定一份符合美国医疗保障方案的付款条例，以及为评估和治疗临终痛苦制定新的标准。humane a.仁慈的，人道

6、的Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receivehumane(a.)care.2003 年阅读 译文 科研机构应该对外开放，让人参观，向人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道的对待。husbandry n.畜牧业Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry(n.)technique to clonehumans,he ordered that federal funds not be

7、used for such an experiment?although no one hadproposed to do so?and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton PresidentHarold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations fbr a nationalpolicy on human cloning.1999 年阅读 译文 他(克林顿总统)宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧学技术去克隆人，并

8、下令禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验?尽管还没有人提议要那样做?并责令成立一个山普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组，在 90天内拿出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议，向白宫汇报。hydroelectric a.水力电气的Hydroelectric(a.)power and flood control and irrigation are possible without buildingmonster dams.1998 年阅读 译文 水利发电、治理洪水以及灌溉即使不建大型水坝也是可能的，不一定非要建大坝。hyperactive a.活动过度的，极度活跃的The process sweeps

9、 from hyperactive(a.)America to Europe and reaches the emergingcountries with unsurpassed might.2001 年I 回读)译文 这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。hypocritical a.伪善的，伪善者的Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical(a.)Spectacles,which now more than ever seem inample supply.2000 年阅读 译文 相反我们目睹了比以前任何时候

10、都多的虚伪景观。impartial a.公平的，不偏不倚的The authors attitude toward the issue of ascience vs.anti-science is.A impartial(a.)1998 年阅读 译文 作者对“科学与反科学”这 场 争 端 的 态 度。A 公平的impoverish v t.使贫穷，使枯竭To take advantage of this tool,some impoverished(vt.)countries will have to get over theiroutdated anti-colonial prejudices

11、 with respect to foreign investment.2001 年I 阅读 译文 要想利用互联网，某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见。intellect n.智力But not all parts of the brain are equally involved；the limbic system(theu emotional brain)isespecially active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect(n.)and reasoning)is relativelyquie

12、t.2005 年阅读 译文 但并不是所有大脑的部位都参与活动；控制情绪的大脑部位异常活跃，然而控制智力和理性的大脑部位却相对平静。inconclusive a.非决定性的，不确定的That the evidence was inconclusive(a.),the science uncertain?2005 年阅读 译文 证据不充分，没有科学定论？ingenuity n.机灵，独创性，精巧,灵活性Since the dawn of human ingenuity(n.),people have devised ever more cunning tools tocope with work

13、that is dangerous,boring,burdensome,or just plain nasty.2002 年|判 读 译文 从人类最初有了智慧至今，人们一直在设计I I益巧妙的工具来处理那些危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或者只是简单肮脏的工作。interpretation n.解释，阐明，口译，通译(39：Publication)of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a(40：storm)of mediaprotest when he said the(41 ：interpretation(n.)of privacy

14、controls contained in Europeanlegislation would be left to judges(42：rather than)to Parliament.2001 年完形 译文 Irvine勋爵说，对欧洲立法中所包涵的关于个人隐私监控权的解释，将留给法官，而不是议会，这招致新闻媒体的一片抗议。此后两天，此信被公之于世。ineptly a d.不适当地，无能地First,some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly(ad.)done.1998 年阅读 译文 一种

15、解释是近年来所进行的公司重组也许并未奏效。inflationary a.通货膨胀的，通货膨胀倾向的If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary(a.)universe theory.1998 年翻译 译文 假如那些小热点看上去同预测的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀学说。in fo n.消息；资料；信息A

16、 great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide?the division of theworld into the info(n.()(information)rich and the info poor,2001 年阅读 译文 今天，人们十分关注所谓的是信息差异问题?世界上信息资源丰富的地区和信息资源贫乏的地区之间的差异；infringement n.违反,侵害Wont multinationals shift production from one place to another w

17、hen a nation gets too strictabout infringements(n.)to fair competition?2001 年阅读 译文 当一个国家对破坏公平竞争的行为的处理过于严厉时，跨国公司会不会把它们的生产从一地转到另一地呢？inhuman a.野蛮的Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is.B inhuman(a.)and unacceptable 2003 年阅读 译文 被误导的人们往往认为：在研究中使用动物是 O B 不人道、不可接受的innate a.先天的，天生的I

18、ts hero avoids being civilized?going to school and learning to read?so he can preserve hisinnate(a.)goodness.12004 年阅读 译文 该书(马克吐温的小说 哈克贝利芬)的主人公逃避教化?不上学和不学习读书写字?因此他才得以保住善良的天性。innennosta.最里面的，内心的，秘密的Researchers have come to believe that d r e a ms.Clreflect our innermost(a.)desires and fears 2005 年阅读

19、译文 研 究 人 员 最 终 认 识 到 梦。C 反映了我们内心的愿望和恐惧insatiable a.不知足的，贪求无厌的Humans are thoughtful and creative,possessed of insatiable(a.)curiosity.2003 年翻译 译文 人类既善于思考又善于创造，拥有永不满足的好奇心。insidious a.阴险的But one insidious(a.)form continues to thrive：alphabetism.2004 年阅读 译文 但是有一种隐蔽的(歧视)形式还在蔓延：按字母表顺序排名。instantaneously ad

20、.立即But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98percent that is irrelevant,instantaneously(ad.)focusing on the monkey at the side of a windingforest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.2002 年阅读 译文 但是人的大脑能够扫描一个快速变化的场景，迅速排除98%的不相干的物体，立即聚焦于森林中蜿蜒道

21、路旁的一只猴子，或者人群中的一张可疑的脸。juggle v.杂耍，同时做(两种以上活动等)For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling(vi.)through the 80s,downshifting in the mid-,90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life?growing yourown organic vegetables,and risking turning into one?as a personal recognition of

22、 yourlimitations.2001 年阅读 译文 对我们这一代女性来说，整个80年代我们曾被迫忙碌地生活，90年代中期的简化生活与其说是寻求神话般的好生活一自己种有机蔬菜并试图与之合一一倒不如说我们都认识了自身的局限。jurisdiction n.权限So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,theyshould also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction(n.)that would help

23、their budgetsand patients.2005 年阅读 译文 所以，在下一次，当省政府官员们在尼亚加拉瀑布再次开会时，他们不仅要继续争论药品价格；而且还会在预算和病人的管辖权上吵的声嘶力竭。lawsuit n.诉讼In May,Julie Nimmons,president of Schutt Sports in Illinois,successfully fought a lawsuit(n.)involving a foot ball player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutthelmet.1999 年阅

24、读 译文 五月份，伊利诺斯州的Schutt体育公司总裁朱利尼蒙斯就成功地打赢了这样一场官司。一名橄榄球队员戴着该公司的头盔在一场比赛中受伤瘫痪，遂将该公司告上法庭。landmark n.里程碑，划时代的事What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected：the US NationalAeronautics and Space Administrations Cosmic Background Explorer satellite?Cobe?haddiscovered landmark(n.)evidence tha

25、t the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosionthat has become known as the Big Bang(the theory that the universe originated in an explosionfrom a single mass of energy).1998 年翻译 译文 研究人员所发现的宇宙云系既令人惊讶，又是人们所期待的，因为美国国家航空航天局的宇宙前景探索者Cobe号卫星已经发现了划时代的证据证明宇宙的确起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人们一直所称的“大爆炸”(此理论认为宇宙起源于

26、一大团能量)。linguist n.语言学家As a linguist(n.),he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,includingnon-standard ones like Black English,can be powerfully expressive?there exists no language ordialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.2005 年阅读 译文 作为一位语言学家，他承认多种多样的人类语言，包括那些非标准的语言，比如黑人英语

27、，都具有极强的表达力一世上没有传达不了复杂思想的语言和方言。limbic a.边缘的But not all pans of the brain are equally involved；the lirnbic(a.)system(the uemotionalbrain)is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)isrelatively quiet.2005 年阅读 译文 但并不是所有大脑的部位都参与活动；控制情绪的大脑部位异常活跃，然而控制智力和理性的大脑部位却相

28、对平静。lining n.内衬，衬里Many folks see silver linings(n.)to this slowdown.2004 年阅读 译文 许多人对于经济减速抱有乐观的希望。liken v t.把比作Hence the analogy that likens(vt.)the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with ablackened windscreen,a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.1997 年阅读 译文 因此，才会有人将货币政策的指导

29、作用比做是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、破碎的后视镜及方向盘失灵的汽车。literaten.学者；a.有文化的，有阅读和写作能力的Why mention the elementary schools?Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics,especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states,were generally literate(a.)and at homein arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigo

30、nometry.1996 年阅读 译文 为什么要提小学教育?正是因为有了这些学校，我们的早期技工才普遍能读会写，并精通算术及部分几何和三角，这种情况在新英格兰和大西洋中部各洲尤为可见。livelihood n.生活,生计Rather,we have a certain conception of the American citizen,a character who is incompleteif he cannot competently assess how his livelihood(n.)and happiness are affected by thingsoutside of

31、himself.1999 年阅读 译文 我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，即他必须准确判断自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影响的，否则他的公民特征就是不完整的。lockout n.停工，封JThe cruel discipline of the strike and lockout(n.)taught the two parties to respect each othefsstrength and understand the value of fair negotiation.1996 年阅读 译文 罢工和封厂的无情惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量，理解公正谈判的价值。logo

32、n.标识语u Anthropologyderives from the Greek words uanthropos,“human“and logos(n.)uthestudy of.w 2003 年翻译 译文 Anthropology”(人类学)一词来源于希腊词anthropos”(人类)和“loges”(研究)。manifestation n.显示，表现，示威运动At Time Warner,however,such questions are simply the latest manifestation(n.)of thesoul-searching that has involved

33、 the company ever since the company was born in 1990.1997 年阅读 译文 不过，对于成立于1990年的时代华纳公司而言，这样的质问仅仅只是公司自我反思的最新表现。marketplace n.集会场所，市场“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in themarketplace(n.)?”asks Martin Bercovici,a Washington lawyer who frequently representsshippe

34、r.2003 年阅读 译文 我们是否真地想让铁路公司成为在市场上决定谁败谁荣的裁决者呢?”马丁.贝科维奇问道，他是一位常常代表铁路客户的华盛顿律师。maximize v t.最大值，最佳化Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupledwith the desire of businessmen to maximize(vt.)profits and the desire,of individuals to maximizetheir incomes,that togeth

35、er determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it.1994 年阅读 译文 因此，在美国经济体制中，消费者个人的需求，加上商人获取最大利润的追求及消费者想最大限度提高购买力的愿望三者共同决定应该生产什么和如何利用资源来生产这些产品。manicurist n.指甲修饰师But the 47-year-old manicurist(n.)isnt cutting,filling or polishing as many nails as shedlike to,either.2005 年阅读 译受

36、但是，这位四十七岁的指甲修饰师修剪、锂磨、上油的指甲数量却难遂其愿了。manifesto n.宣言,声明Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber,whose manifesto(n.),publishedin 1995,scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.1998 年阅读 译文 将该词(反科学)用在仇视现代文明的恐怖主义者身匕也不会引起多大争议，它在 1995年公开发表蔑视科学、渴望回到前技术时代理想社会的声明。marathon

37、n.马拉松赛跑，耐力赛Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences：remember that Pheidippides,thefirst marathon(n.)runner,dropped dead seconds after saying：”Rejoice,we conquer!”1995 年阅读 译文 过分地热衷于获胜会产生危险的后果：记住，第一位跑马拉松的费迪皮迪兹在说完“欢呼吧，我们赢了”之后几秒就倒地而死。markedly a d.显著地，明显地However,when two monkeys were placed

38、in separate but adjoining chambers,so that eachcould observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly(ad.)different.2005 年阅读 译文 但是当两只猴子被分别关在相邻的笼子之后，而且每只猴子还能看到对方用石头交换了什么物品时，它们的行为习惯发生了明显的变化。media n.媒体In Europe,as elsewhere,multi-media(n.)groups have been increa

39、singly successful groupswhich bring together television,radio,newspapers,magazines and publishing houses that work inrelation to one another.2005 年翻译 译文 像其他地方一样，欧洲的传媒集团越来越成功，这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。methodology n.方法学，方法论There is no agreement whether methodology(n.)refers to the concepts peculiar

40、 to historicalwork in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historicalinquiry.1999 年翻译 译文 所谓方法是指在一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。medication n.药物治疗，药物处理，药物Which of the following statements is true according to the text?C The Court ruled that high-do

41、sage pain-relieving medication(n.)can be prescribed.2002年阅读 译文 根据本文，下面哪项说法正确？C 法院裁定，医生可以开大剂量减轻病痛的药。millennium n.太平盛世，一千年Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to producea unique millennium(n.)technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expecth

42、undreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.2001 年翻译 译文 皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟“期。mediation n.仲裁，调停,调解Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shielddoctors who“until now have very,very strongly insisted tha

43、t they could not give patients sufficientmediation(n.)to control their pain if that might hasten death.2002 年阅读 译文 蒙特非奥里医疗中心主任南希都博勒认为，这项原则将消除部分医生的疑虑，这些医生在此之前一直强烈地认为，如果给病人充分的药品来止痛会加速他们的死亡的话，那就不能这样做。mediocrity n.平常，平凡The grand mediocrity(n.)of today?everyone being the same in survival and number ofoff

44、spring?means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes.2000 年阅读 译文 今天这种极其显著的平均化?每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同?意味着与部落相比较，自然选择在印度中、上 层已经失去了 80%的效力。megamerger n.大规模合并A few weeks ago,Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers(n.)in the bankingindustry.2001 年

45、阅读 译文 几星期以前，格林斯潘对银行业的巨大合并发出了警告。milestone n.里程碑,转折点The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones(n.)that mark the passage of theplates.1998 年阅读 译文 热点及其火山痕迹是板块移动的标志。miniaturization n.小型化And thanks to the continual miniaturization(n.)of electronics and micro-mechanics,there arealready robot sy

46、stems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeteraccuracy?far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their handsalone.2002 年阅读 译文 由于电子和微观机械仪器的不断缩小，现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到微米的脑部和骨髓手术，其精确性远远超过熟练的医生用他们的双手所能达到的水平。misdeed n.罪行，犯罪Theories(21：centering)on t

47、he individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior(22：because)they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds(n.)or that they havelearned criminal behavior through(23：interactions)with others.2004 年完形 译文 将少年犯罪主要归咎于个人的理论认为少年犯罪是因为他们以前的过错没有得到足够的惩罚，或是因为他们在和其他人交往的过程中学会了犯罪行为。moment

48、arily a d.即刻,暂时地From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should bemaintained C easily and momentarily(ad.)2000 年阅读 译文 从最后一段我们可总结出：应拥有雄心。C 轻松、暂时地morphine n.吗啡Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine(n.)to control terminally ill

49、patients pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill thepatient.2002 年阅读 译文 近年来，医生们一直在借用这项原则，为自己替病危患者注射大剂量的吗啡镇痛的做法提供正当的理由，尽管他们知道，不断增加的剂量最终会杀死病人。municipality n.市政当局，自治市At the same time the great municipalities(n.)went into business to supply lighting,trams andother services to the taxpay

50、ers.1996 年阅读 译文 与此同时，大城市也开始涉足实业界，为纳税人提照明、电车及其他服务。mutability n.易变性Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents,so hot spots mayexplain their mutability(n.)(inconstancy).1998 年阅读 译文 这样，正像早期的理论解释了大陆的移动性一样，热点理论或许能解释大陆板块的不稳定性。neural a.神经系统的，神经中枢的By the late 1970s,neurologis