考研超纲词汇.docx

《考研超纲词汇.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研超纲词汇.docx（38页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、hallucination n.幻觉,幻想Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations (n.).1997年阅读译文迷幻剂主要影响人的感知，通过多种方式对感知加以扭曲或改变，其中包括产生幻觉。healthcare n.卫生保健The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competiti

2、ve (48： while) avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens(49： imposed)by employment rules, healthcare (n.) costs and pension plans.1997年完形译文这种现象可以使公司保持全球范围的竞争力，同时避免了市场的恶性循环和由于雇佣规定、医疗保险费用和养老金计划所造成的压力。holodeck n.全息舱面In less than 30 years time the Star Trek holodeck (n.)will be a reality.2001年翻译译文再

3、过不到30年，“星球旅行”号的全息舱面就会变为现实。homicide n.杀人，杀人者Its like surgery,“he says,“We dont call those deaths homicides (n.) because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you re a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide

4、. M 2002年阅读译文“这就像做手术，”他说，“我们不能称那些死亡为杀人是因为医生并没有故意杀死病人，尽管他们敢冒病人死亡的危险。假定你是一名医生，只要你并没有故意让病人自杀，你就可以去冒令你的病人自杀的风险Jhorrify v.使恐怖Thats a prospect that horrifies (v.) Net purists.1999年阅读译文这种前景让网络纯粹主义者感到不安。hospice n.旅客住宿处，收容所The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices (n.), to

5、test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.2002年阅读译文医疗行业采取步骤，让年轻医生去晚期病人休养所培训，对各种大胆的镇痛疗法方面的知识进行评估，为医院护理制定一份符合美国医疗保障方案的付款条例，以及为评估和治疗临终痛苦制定新的标准。humane

6、 a.仁慈的，人道的Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane (a.) care.2003年阅读译文科研机构应该对外开放，让人参观，向人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道的对待。husbandry n.畜牧业Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry (n.) technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal

7、 funds not be used for such an experiment?although no one had proposed to do so?and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations fbr a national policy on human cloning.1999年阅读译文他(克林顿总统)宣称反对利用这种非同

8、寻常的畜牧学技术去克隆人，并下令禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验?尽管还没有人提议要那样做?并责令成立一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组，在90天内拿出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议，向白宫汇报。hydroelectric a.水力电气的Hydroelectric (a.) power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams.1998年阅读译文水利发电、治理洪水以及灌溉即使不建大型水坝也是可能的，不一定非要建大坝。hyperactive a.活动过度的，极度活跃的The p

9、rocess sweeps from hyperactive (a.) America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.2001年阅读)译文这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。hypocritical a.伪善的，伪善者的Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical (a.) Spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply.2000年阅读译文

10、相反我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观。impartial a.公平的，不偏不倚的The authors attitude toward the issue of uscience vs. anti-sciencew is.AJimpartial (a.)1998年阅读译文作者对，科学与反科学”这场争端的态度A公平的impoverish vt,使贫穷，使枯竭To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished (vt.) countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial p

11、rejudices with respect to foreign investment.2001年阅读译文要想利用互联网，某些贫困国家必须克服对国外投资所持的过时了的反殖民的种种偏见。intellect n.智力But not all parts of the brain are equally involved； the limbic system(theu emotional brain n )is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect(n.)and reasoning)is rela

12、tively quiet.2005年阅读译文但并不是所有大脑的部位都参与活动；控制情绪的大脑部位异常活跃，然而控制智力和理性的大脑部位却相对平静。inconclusive a.非决定性的，不确定的That the evidence was inconclusive (a.), the science uncertain?2005年阅读译文证据不充分，没有科学定论？ingenuity n.机灵，独创性，精巧，灵活性Since the dawn of human ingenuity (n.), people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope

13、with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.2002年 I回读译文从人类最初有了智慧至今，人们一直在设计H益巧妙的工具来处理那些危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或者只是简单肮脏的工作。interpretation n.解释，阐明，口译，通译(39： Publication)of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a(40： storm)of media protest when he said the(41： interpretation (n.

14、) of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges(42： rather than)to Parliament.2001年完形译文Irvine勋爵说，对欧洲立法中所包涵的关于个人隐私监控权的解释，将留给法官,而不是议会，这招致新闻媒体的一片抗议。此后两天，此信被公之于世。ineptly ad.不适当地,无能地First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly (ad.) done.

15、1998年阅读译文一种解释是近年来所进行的公司重组也许并未奏效。inflationary a.通货膨胀的，通货膨胀倾向的If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea* a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary (a.) universe theory.1998年翻译译文假如那些小热点看上去同预测的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀学说。infon

16、.消息；资料；信息A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide?the division of the world into the info (n.)(information) rich and the info poor.2001年阅读译文今天，人们十分关注所谓的是信息差异问题?世界上信息资源丰富的地区和信息资源贫乏的地区之间的差异；infringement n.违反，侵害Wont multinationals shift production from one place to

17、another when a nation gets too strict about infringements (n.) to fair competition?2001年阅读译文当一个国家对破坏公平竞争的行为的处理过于严厉时，跨国公司会不会把它们的生产从一地转到另一地呢？inhuman a.野蛮的Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is.Binhuman (a.) and unacceptable2003年阅读译文被误导的人们往往认为：在研究中使用动物是 OB不人道、不可接受的innate a.先天的，

18、天生的Its hero avoids being civilized?going to school and learning to read?so he can preserve his innate (a.) goodness.2004年阅读译文该书(马克吐温的小说哈克贝利芬)的主人公逃避教化?不上学和不学习读书写字?因此他才得以保住善良的天性。innermost a.最里面的，内心的，秘密的Researchers have come to believe that dreams.Creflect our innermost (a.) desires and fears2005年阅读译文研

19、究人员最终认识到梦。C反映了我们内心的愿望和恐惧insatiable a.不知足的，贪求无厌的Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable (a.) curiosity.2003年翻译译文人类既善于思考又善于创造，拥有永不满足的好奇心。insidious a.阴险的But one insidious (a.) form continues to thrive： alphabetism.2004年阅读译文但是有一种隐蔽的(歧视)形式还在蔓延：按字母表顺序排名。instantaneously ad.立即But the hum

20、an mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously (ad.) focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.2002年阅读译文但是人的大脑能够扫描一个快速变化的场景，迅速排除98%的不相干的物体，立即聚焦于森林中蜿蜒道路旁的一只猴子，或者人群

21、中的一张可疑的脸。juggle v.杂耍，同时做(两种以上活动等)For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling(vi.)through the80s, downshifting in the mid-,90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life?growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one?as a personal recognition of your limi

22、tations.2(X)1年阅读译文对我们这一代女性来说，整个80年代我们曾被迫忙碌地生活，90年代中期的简化生活与其说是寻求神话般的好生活一自己种有机蔬菜并试图与之合一一倒不如说我们都认识了自身的局限。jurisdiction n.权限So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list* they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction (n.) that would help their b

23、udgets and patients.2005年阅读译文所以，在下一次，当省政府官员们在尼亚加拉瀑布再次开会时，他们不仅要继续争论药品价格；而且还会在预算和病人的管辖权上吵的声嘶力竭。lawsuit n.诉讼In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois* successfully fought a lawsuit (n.) involving a foot ball player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet.1999年阅读译文五

24、月份，伊利诺斯州的Schutt体育公司总裁朱利尼蒙斯就成功地打赢了这样一场官司。一名橄榄球队员戴着该公司的头盔在一场比赛中受伤瘫痪，遂将该公司告上法庭。landmark n.里程碑，划时代的事What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected： the US National Aeronautics and Space Administrations Cosmic Background Explorer satellite?Cobe?had discovered landmark (n.) evidence that

25、 the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang(the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).1998年翻译译文研究人员所发现的宇宙云系既令人惊讶，又是人们所期待的，因为美国国家航空航天局的宇宙前景探索者Cobe号卫星已经发现了划时代的证据证明宇宙的确起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人们一直所称的“大爆炸”(此理论认为宇宙起源于一大

26、团能量)。linguist n.语言学家As a linguist(n.), he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive?there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.2005年阅读译文作为一位语言学家，他承认多种多样的人类语言，包括那些非标准的语言，比如黑人英语

27、，都具有极强的表达力一世上没有传达不了复杂思想的语言和方言。limbic a.边缘的But not all pans of the brain are equally involved； the limbic(a.)system(the emotional brain)is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet.2005年阅读译文但并不是所有大脑的部位都参与活动：控制情绪的大脑部位异常活跃，然而控制智力和理性的大脑部位却相对

28、平静。lining n.内衬，衬里Many folks see silver linings(n.)to this slowdown.2004年阅读译文许多人对于经济减速抱有乐观的希望。liken vt.把比作Hence the analogy that likens (vt.) the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.1997年阅读译文因此，才会有人将货币政策的指导作用比做

29、是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、破碎的后视镜及方向盘失灵的汽车。literaten.学者；a.有文化的，有阅读和写作能力的Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate (a.) and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and tri

30、gonometry.1996年阅读译文为什么要提小学教育?正是因为有了这些学校，我们的早期技工才普遍能读会写，并精通算术及部分几何和三角，这种情况在新英格兰和大西洋中部各洲尤为可见。livelihood n.生活，生计Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood (n.) and happiness are affected by things outsid

31、e of himself.1999年阅读译文我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，即他必须准确判断自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影响的，否则他的公民特征就是不完整的。lockout n.停工，封厂The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout (n.) taught the two parties to respect each others strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.1996年阅读译文罢工和封厂的无情惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量，理解公正谈判的价值。log

32、on.标识语w Anthropologyderives from the Greek words uanthropos,“human” and logos (n.)“the study of. w 2003年翻译译文“Anthropology”(人类学)一词来源于希腊词“anthropos”(人类)和loges(研究)。manifestation n.显示，表现，示威运动At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation (n.) of the soul-searching that has i

33、nvolved the company ever since the company was born in 1990.1997年阅读译文不过，对于成立于1990年的时代华纳公司而言，这样的质问仅仅只是公司自我反思的最新表现。marketplace n.集会场所，市场“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace (n.)?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represen

34、ts shipper.2003年阅读译文我们是否真地想让铁路公司成为在市场上决定谁败谁荣的裁决者呢?”马丁贝科维奇问道，他是一位常常代表铁路客户的华盛顿律师。maximize vt.最大值，最佳化Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize (vt.) profits and the desire, of individuals to maximize their incomes,

35、 that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.1994年阅读译文因此，在美国经济体制中，消费者个人的需求，加上商人获取最大利润的追求及消费者想最大限度提高购买力的愿望三者共同决定应该生产什么和如何利用资源来生产这些产品。manicurist n.指甲修饰师But the 47-year-old manicurist (n.) isn,t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, eit

36、her.2005年阅读译受但是，这位四十七岁的指甲修饰师修剪、锂磨、上油的指甲数量却难遂其愿了。manifesto n.宣言，声明Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto (n.), published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia.1998年阅读译文将该词(反科学)用在仇视现代文明的恐怖主义者身上，也不会引起多大争议，它在1995年公开发表蔑视科学、渴望回到前技术时代理想

37、社会的声明。marathon n.马拉松赛跑，耐力赛Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences： remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon (n.) runner, dropped dead seconds after saying：”Rejoice, we conquer!”1995年阅读译文过分地热衷于获胜会产生危险的后果：记住，第一位跑马拉松的费迪皮迪兹在说完“欢呼吧，我们赢了”之后几秒就倒地而死。markedly ad.显著地，明显地However, when two m

38、onkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly (ad.) different.2(X)5年阅读译文但是当两只猴子被分别关在相邻的笼子之后，而且每只猴子还能看到对方用石头交换了什么物品时，它们的行为习惯发生了明显的变化。media n.媒体In Europe as elsewhere, multi-media (n.

39、) groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.2005年翻译译文像其他地方一样，欧洲的传媒集团越来越成功，这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一-起。methodology n.方法学，方法论There is no agreement whether methodology(n.) re

40、fers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.1999年翻译译文所谓方法是指在一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。medication n.药物治疗，药物处理，药物Which of the following statements is true according to the text?CT

41、he Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication (n.) can be prescribed.2002年阅读译文根据本文，下面哪项说法正确？C法院裁定，医生可以开大剂量减轻病痛的药。millennium n.太平盛世，一千年Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium (n.) technology calendar that gives the lat

42、est dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.2(X)1年翻译译文皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。mediation n.仲裁，调停，调解Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who“ until now have

43、 very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation (n.) to control their pain if that might hasten death.”2002年阅读译文蒙特非奥里医疗中心主任南希都博勒认为，这项原则将消除部分医生的疑虑，这些医生在此之前一直强烈地认为，如果给病人充分的药品来止痛会加速他们的死亡的话，那就不能这样做。mediocrity n.平常，平凡The grand mediocrity (n.) of today?everyone being t

44、he same in survival and number of offspring?means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.2000年阅读译文今天这种极其显著的平均化?每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同?意味着与部落相比较，自然选择在印度中、上层已经失去了80%的效力。megamerger n.大规模合并A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamerge

45、rs (n.) in the banking industry.2001年阅读译文几星期以前，格林斯潘对银行业的巨大合并发出了警告。milestone n.里程碑,转折点The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones (n.) that mark the passage of the plates.1998年阅读译文热点及其火山痕迹是板块移动的标志。miniaturization n.小型化And thanks to the continual miniaturization (n.) of electronics and micr

46、o-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy?far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.2002年阅读译文由于电子和微观机械仪器的不断缩小，现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到微米的脑部和骨髓手术，其精确性远远超过熟练的医生用他们的双手所能达到的水平。mis

47、deed n.罪行,犯罪Theories (21： centering) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22： because) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds (n.) or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23： interactions) with others.2004年完形译文将少年犯罪主要归咎于个人的理论认为少年犯罪是因为他们以前的过错没有得到足够的惩罚，或是因为他们在和其他人交往的过程中学会了犯罪行为。momentarily ad.即刻，暂时地From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.Ceasily and momentarily (ad.)2OOO 年阅读译文从最后一段我们可总结出：应拥有雄心。C轻松、暂时地morphine n.吗啡Doctors have used th