2018考研英语二真题及答案解析.pdf

《2018考研英语二真题及答案解析.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2018考研英语二真题及答案解析.pdf（23页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人20182018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）及答案及答案Section ISection IUse of EnglishUse of EnglishDirections:Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments

2、 and do other things that willobviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to_1_ uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals thatthe need to know is so strong that people will _2_ _ to satisfy their curiosity evenwhen it is clear the answer

3、will _3_.In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of ChicagoBooth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested studentswillingness to _4_ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfycuriosity.For one _5_,each participant was shown a pile o

4、f pens that theresearcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the penswould _6_ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged;another twenty-sevenwere told only that some were electrified._7_ left alone in the room,the studentswho did not

5、 know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would _8_.Subsequent experimentsreplicated this effect with other stimuli,_9_ the sound of fingernails on achalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to _10_ is deeply ingrained

6、 in humans,much the same as thebasic drives _11_ or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago,a co-author of the paper.Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can _12_ new scientific advances,for instancebut sometimes such _13_ canbackfire.The insight that curiosity can driv

7、e you to do _14_ things is aprofound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to _15_,however.In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to _16_ how they would feel after viewing anunpleasant picture were less likely to _17_ to see such an image.These resultssuggest that imagining the _18_ _

8、of following through on ones curiosity ahead oftime can help determine_ 19_ it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking aboutlong-term _20_ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,dont read online comments.梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人1.A.ignore2.A.refuse3.A.rise4.A.alert5.A

9、.trial6.A.remove7.A.Unless8.A.change9.A.such as10.A.disagree11.A.pay12.A.begin with13.A.inquiry14.A.self-deceptive15.A.trace16.A.conceal17.A.choose18.A.relief19.A.how20.A.limitationsB.protectB.seekB.lastB.exposeB.messageB.deliverB.IfB.continueB.rather thanB.forgiveB.foodB.rest onB.withdrawalB.self-r

10、eliantB.defineB.overlookB.rememberB.outcomeB.whyB.investmentsC.discussC.waitC.hurtC.tieC.reviewC.weakenC.WhenC.disappearC.regardless ofC.discoverC.marriageC.lead toC.persistenceC.self-evidentC.replaceC.designC.promiseC.planC.whereC.consequencesD.resolveD.regretD.misleadD.treatD.conceptD.interruptD.T

11、houghD.happenD.owing toD.forgetD.schoolingD.learn fromD.diligenceD.self-destructiveD.resistD.predictD.pretendD.dutyD.whetherD.strategiesSection ReadingSection ReadingComprehensionComprehensionPart APart ADirections:Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choo

12、singA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify hisefforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a NewHampshire high school where learn

13、ing is not something of books and tests and rotememorization,but practical,reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in thisweeks cover story.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be ableto name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a bustedbike cha

14、in?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing isnecessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuckwith generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry byassembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kindof insidious prejudice.W

15、orking with your hands isseen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人“have that stereotype.that its for kids who cant make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution.Manufacturing is not the econom

16、ic engine that it once was.The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.Moreeducation is the new mantra.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all and the subtle devaluingof anything less misses

17、 an important point:Thats not the only thing the Americaneconomy needs.Yes,abachelors degree opens moredoors.But even now,54 percentof the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job,such as construction and high-skillmanufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at

18、a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,butthe workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them Kozia

19、teksManchesterSchool of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,itrisks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pi

20、oneering spiritD.mechanical memorizetion22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A.used to ha

21、ve more job opportunitiesB.used to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-class jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the ov

22、ervaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained wirkforce25.The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as.A.tolerant梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人B.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels-coal,oil,gas still generate roughly 85 percent of theworlds energy sup

23、ply,its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and solar.The move to renewable is picking up momentumaround the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources goingon line.Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsightedbusinesses t

24、o fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about theplummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panelshas dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in thepast eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is a

25、lready a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China andEurope,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accoun

26、ted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels especially coal as the path toeconomic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as anunreliable energy source.But that message d

27、id not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricitygeneration and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by theavailability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesnt blow

28、 or the sun doesnt sshine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storagecapacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clockmore likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big betson battery-powered vehicles.A

29、lthough electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,thismassive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.Thepace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps just in time tohave a meaningfu

30、l effect in showing climate change.What Washington does ordoesnt do to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of aglobal shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to_.A.stabilizingB.changingC.falling梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人D.rising27.According to Paragrap

31、h 3,the use of renewable energy in America_.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa,_.A.wind is a widely used energy source.B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean

32、 energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation wi

33、ll remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy_.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and amb

34、ition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foodsfor$13.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire theWhatsApp messaging service,which doesnt have any physical product at all.WhatWhatsApp

35、 offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its usersfriendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phonenumbers to Facebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the dealwent through.Even without knowing what was

36、in the messages,the knowledge ofwho sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.Whatpolitical journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of theWhatsApp groups in which Theresa Mays enemies are currently plotting?It may bethat the value to Amazon is not so much

37、 the 460 shops it owns,but the records ofwhich customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances ofpower.But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人within the digital economy.By the time a problem has b

38、een addressed and remedied itmay have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.Butthere is a deeper conceptual problem,too.Competition law as presently interpreteddeals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the usersof these services dont pay

39、for them.The users of their services are not theircustomers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them and Facebookand Google,the two virtual giants,dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage ofall other media and entertainment companies.The product theyre selling is data,and we,th

40、e users,convert our lives to datafor the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids forthe honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that ourdigital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the s

41、pammers out of our inboxes.It doesnt feel like a human ordemocratic relationship,even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for itsA.digital productsB.user informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _.A.worse

42、n political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law _.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the ch

43、anging market34.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook usersbecause _.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate _.A.a win-

44、win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giants梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人C.the benefits provided for digital giants customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Gal Newport,anther of Dee

45、pWork:Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world,recommends building a habitof“deep work”,the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deepwork-be it lengthy retreats,dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;ortaki

46、ng a“journalistic”approach to seizingmoments of deep work when you canthroughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focustime and stick to it.Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptionsand get more down in less time.At any given point,Ishol

47、d has deep work scheduledfor roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like,I would adoctors appointment or important meeting,he writes.Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how youprioritizeyour day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harf

48、ord,authorof Messy.The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in theearly 1980s,thatdivided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to setout monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and golds inmuch time detailday by day.While the researche

49、rs assumed that the well-structured daily plans would bemost effective when it came to the execution oftasks,they were wrong:the detaileddaily plans demotivated students.Hartford argues thatinevitable distractions oftenrender the daily to-do list ineffective,while living room for improvisation in su

50、ch alist canreapthe best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy.We also need to embracedowntime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is indispensabletobe brain as Vitamin D is to the body idleness is,paradoxically,necessary t