成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲10.pdf

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1、成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲三A as well as B.A 是 艮 B 一样【例句】It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter.夏天不好过,冬天也不好过【总结】A as well as B谓语动词与A 一致.as well as可连接并列的单词或短iM.as well as与动词连用时，其后可用V-ing形式，尤其as well a s位于句首时，此时相当于 in addition to.例如:As well as breaking his leg,he hurt his arm.他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊.as well as用

2、于肯定结构和否定结构中，其意义不同.as well as和not搭配使用,as well as位 于not前时,两者均否定;位于not后时，否定前者，肯定后者.例如:George hasnt gone abroad as well as his brother,乔治并没有和他兄弟一样出国去.（他兄弟一人出国）George,as well as his brother,hasnt gone abroad.乔治和他兄弟都没有出国.a bit of 一点【例句】It was a bit of a bore,wasnt it?这有点叫人厌烦，不是吗?【总结】a bit o f 后接不可数名词,相当于a

3、 little还要注意有些常用词组，如 have a bit of a cold（有点儿感冒）,cold（感冒）虽然是个不可数名词,但习惯上要加aa bit 一点【例句】Your article is a bit short.【总结】a bit放在形容词、副词前，作状语;也可作宾语、表语.【词语辨析】a bit of/a bita bit o f是介词短语，后接不可数名词;a bit是副词短语,修饰形容词、副词、动词，作状语;也可作宾语、表语.a bunch of 束、捆【彳 列 句】He gave a bunch of flowers to his girlfriend.他送给女友一束花.【

4、总结】a bunch of后接可数名词复数形式.a copy of 一份（报纸等）例句A copy of China Today is on the desk.【总结】a copy of后接可数名词单数.成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲10 例句These woods are frequented by all kinds of birds,这些树林里经常栖息着各种鸟类。2.all of a sudden 突然（单用）例句All of a sudden the lights went out.突然灯灭了。【总结】all of a sudden副词短语，做状语。3.all over 整个【例句】

5、The game is all over.比赛已全部结束。在（遍及）的各部分Computers will be used more and more in the future all over the world.将来全世界要越来越多的使用电脑。【总结】all over意为 在（遍及）的各部分，只接表示地点的名词。4.all sorts o f各种各样的【例句】All sorts of lamps are available in that shop.在那家商店可买到各式各样的灯具【词语辨析】all kinds of与all sorts o f,都意为各种各样的,前者较正式，后者较口语，后者

6、多指人【词语辨析】kinds o f是很多种；kind o f表示有点，稍稍;若变成be kind o f则表示某人友善的性格；a kind of 表示一种；all kinds o f表示各种各样的5.all the same 仍然、依然 例句 Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他们是赢是输於我都一样。【总结】副词短语，作状语。成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲3【例句】It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter.夏天不好过，冬天也不好过【总结】A as well as B 谓语动词与

7、A 一致。as well as可连接并列的单词或短语。as well as与动词连用时，其后可用V-ing形式，尤其as well a s 位于句首时，此时相当于 in addition to。例如：As well as breaking his leg,he hurt his arm.他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。as well as用于肯定结构和否定结构中，其意义不同。as well as和 not搭配使用，as well as位于not前时，两者均否定;位于not后时，否定前者，肯定后者。例如：George hasnt gone abroad as well as his brothe

8、r,乔治并没有和他兄弟一样出国去。（他兄弟一人出国）George,as well as his brother,hasnt gone abroad.乔治和他兄弟都没有出国。a bit of 一点【例句】It was a bit of a bore,wasnt it?这有点叫人厌烦，不是吗？【总结】a bit o f后接不可数名词,相当于a little还要注意有些常用词组,如have a bit of a cold（有点儿感冒），cold（感冒）”虽然是个不可数名词，但习惯上要加aa bit 一点【例句】Your article is a bit short.【总结】a bit放在形容词、副词

9、前，作状语;也可作宾语、表语。【词语辨析】a bit of/a bita bit of是介词短语，后接不可数名词;a bit是副词短语，修饰形容词、副词、动词，作状语;也可作宾语、表语。a bunch of 一束、一捆【彳 列 句】He gave a bunch of flowers to his girlfriend.他送给女友一束花。【总结】a bunch of后接可数名词复数形式。a copy of 一份（报纸等）【例句 1 A copy of China Today is on the desk.【总结】a copy of后接可数名词单数。成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲9+do同意去

10、做【例句】We agree to leave at once.我们同意马上离开。+n（建议）、pron.etc.【例句】Hes agreed to our suggestion about the holiday.他已经同意我们关于假日的计划了。【总结】agree to后接一件建议或计划或接动词原形。2.agree with同意、赞同【例句】Do you agree with m e?你同意我吗？与 一致【彳 列 句】The witnesses statements just dont agree with each other.几个证人的陈述并不一致。（衣服等）适合某人He doesnt a

11、gree with mutton.他不喜欢吃羊肉。【词语辨析】agree to,agree on,agree with这些短语动词均可表示 同意 之意。agree to：常与 plan（计戈力、arrangement（安排）、suggestion（建议）、proposal（建议）、terms（条件）、method（方法）等名词连用。这 时agree to不仅指其主语与对方看法一致，而且暗含自己也愿合作、承担义务或效法的意味。agree on：指双方或多方在某件事情上取得一致的意见。常 与plan（计划）、date（日期）、terms（条件）、price（价格）等名词连用。agree with：

12、可用于指人，指同意其看法或意见等，也可与一些名词或从句连用。与agreet。不同之处是，仅表示看法或意见一致，没有愿意进行合作或效法的含义。3.ahead of在 前面，先于He will be ahead of others in English.他在英语方面将超过别人。adv.在.前面Luckily the van ahead of us skidded off the road on our left,but it was a verynear miss.我们前面的客货车滑出我们左边的路，侥幸没撞上。【总结】ahead of在 前面，是抽象意义上的，如 科技实力，时间 等概 念。4.ai

13、m at 瞄准.,目的 彳 列 句 The sportsman did not fire into the brown,but took careful aim at someparticular bird.那猎人并没有向鸟群开枪，只瞄准了特定的一只鸟【总结laim at后加doing/sth.表力求做到某事/力求达到某事后加sb./sth.表瞄准某人/瞄准某物。【拓展】be aimed at+doing目的是做某事。5.AII but A.除了 A 以外所有人【例句】All but a few will say amen to his proposal.除了少数几个人外，大家都会十分赞成他的

14、建议。【总结】谓语动词与all一致，用复数。成人学位英语考试重点短语精讲【成人英语三级】as though似乎、好像【例句）He behaved as though nothing had happened.他装作若无其事的样子。【总结】as if/as though的用法as i f与as though是一组同义词，两者意思相同，用法也相同，只是在口语中人们多半会用as if,取其简短。as if和as though用法较为复杂，（一）在通常情况下，as i f和as though所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,表示所叙述的情况与事实相反。具体用法如下：1）谈论现在情形的，用过去时（动

15、词be用were,也可用was）：Why is she looking at me as though she knew m e?他为什么那样看我?像是认识我似的。He behaves as if he owned the house.他的样子好像他拥有这个房子。Its not as though he was/were poor.2）谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种:a）过去式，表示过去的状态，如：He stood there looking at the train and laughing,as if to miss a train was thebest joke in the wor

16、ld.他站在那里，望着火车哈哈大笑，好像误了火车是天底下最开心的事儿似的。Mr.Coleman always talked as if he knew everything.但是，如果状态动词带有持续时间状语，则用过去完成时：They talked as if they had been friends for years.（试比较：They had been friends for years.）Now it is as though she had known Millie for years.（现代英语用法词典）情态动词亦用过去时：b）过去完成时，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成，

17、如：It was as if he had lost his last friend.I remember,she tells her children now,how wild his white hair looked-asif it had been electrified.必须注意的时，在指过去的动作时，即使主句是现在时，as i f 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时：He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。c）过去进行时，表示动作正在进行：He heard a noise,

18、as if someone was breathing.I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet.我感到大地仿佛在脚下滑动。d）过去将来时，表示将要发生的事态：It looked as if it was going to snow.（二）如果as if后面的从句所表示的情况时真实的或很可能时真实的，则动词可以用陈述语气，在 feel,look,seem smell,sound,taste之后尤其如此。试比较:F.T.Wood 所著 English Colloquial Idioms 中的两个例子:He walks as if

19、he is drunk.He walks as if he were drunk.第一句表示 他已经醉了“，第 2 句则表示 他没有醉。又如：It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if were going to rain.第一例意味着快要下雨了，第二例则意味着不会下雨。（三）随着语言的发展，as if后面的从句即使反映的不是事实，也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，这主要出现在口语或不太正式的文体中。例如：With the development of these new tools,it is as if man has随着这些新工具的发

20、展，人好像突然间成为精神上的百万富翁似的。（四）在非正式文体（尤其是美国英语）中，可以用like做连词代替as i f 和 asthougho 例如：She started kissing me like we were on our honeymoon.她开始吻我，好像是在度蜜月似的。（五）as if和 as though从句中的省略当as if和 as though从句的主语与主句一致时，该主语和后面的动词可以省略。于是便出现下面几种结构：l)as if+不定式He opened his lips as if(he were)to make some reply.The bee check

21、ed its forward speed,circled and then drifted slowlyover the mirrorlike surface of the pool as if to admire its ownreflection.蜜蜂放慢飞行速度，转了几圈儿，然后在清澈如镜的水潭上空慢慢地飘过，似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影。2)不定式+形容词或形容词短语Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life.嘉莉觉得似乎无法再忍受这种生活了。He lay still for a long while,as if dead.3)as if+介

22、词短语He looked about as if(he was)in search of something.4)as if+现在分词Nevertheless,the bee kept exercising the wings slowly up and down,as though assessing the damage.然而，那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活动着它地翅膀，仿佛在估量着所受的损害。5)as if+名词He acts as if(he was)a fool.6)as if+副词He made that remark as if absently.他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话。现

23、代英语惯用法词典上也有如下例句：He looked as if he were ill.He looks as if he had been ill.我们在前面也有过类似的例句。下面在提供一些主句用现在时而从句仍用过去完成时的例句：A:Weve been back at work now for three days.我们回来上课到现在已三天7B:I feel as if I had been back for three months,我感到似乎已回来三个月 了。（比较：I have been back for three months.）（六）as if和 as though的功能1）引导

24、方式状语从句They talked as if they had been friends for years.2）引导表语从句He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.3）引导感叹句，表示对某种建议、假定、想象等的反对：As if I cared!好像我很在乎似的!（相当于：I dont care!）He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character.As if

25、 I ever should!他告诫我不要同可疑的人来往，好像我真会那样做似的!成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲7【例句】A series of performances is scheduled.一系列演出已安排定日期。【总结】series单复数相同。2.a total of 总计.【例句】we spent a total of ten years in koreaermany and japan【总结】a total of后接数词。3.a type of 种【例句】A firefly is a type of beetle.萤火虫是一种甲虫。【总结】a type o f比较技术一点，使用面

26、向对来说比较狭窄，表示事物的形式4.a variety of 种【例句 1 All of them arrive late for a variety of reasons.由于种种原因，他们都来晚了。【总结】a variety o f强调多样化，【生物】变化;种类。【词语辨析a kind of,a sort of,a type of,a variety ofa kind o f的使用最宽泛了，一般a sort of,a type of可以互换用的，a kind of,也都可以用。然后a sort of,a type of表达的意思跟精确一点,一般a sort of都是比较直观的分类，比如图钉

27、跟别针的分类。a type o f比较技术一点，使用面向对来说比较狭窄;a variety o f强调多样化，【生物】变化;种类。5.advise(that)sb.(should)d o 建议某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)【例句】We advised that they(should)start early.我们建议他们应该及早开始。【总结】advise后跟从句时用虚拟语气，should加动词原形，should可以省略。【拓展】advise的其他用法advise+sb.to do sth建议某人做某事advise+sb.not to d o 建议某人不要做某事 advise+sb.against

28、doing sth.建议某人不要做某事advise+doing sth.建议做某事成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲一above a ll首先;尤其是;最重要的是【例句】He is strong,brave and,above all,honest.他强壮，勇敢，最重要的是他诚实.【总结】above all表示某因素是最重要的，地位上是超越其他因素的.这些因素比较的性质更强一点.accept a s承认,接受为【例句】The astronaut accepts danger as being part of the job.宇航员承认他们的工作中包含着危险.【总结】此短语中的as是介词，后跟名词

29、，代词等.act as担任，充当【例句】Maybe I can act as a messenger for you.也许我能给你当信差.起 作用【例句】The forest will act as a defense against desert dust.森林能起防御沙漠灰沙的作用.【总结】此短语中的as是连词，引导一个省略了谓语的状语从句.【词语辨析】act as和act like区别act as:意思是 充当、担任，相当于serve as,可与人或物词如:doctor、director、interpreter、guide、coach teacher、go-between furnitu

30、re tools 等字搭配使用.as是连词，引导一个省略了谓语的状语从句.e.g.This coin may act as a screwdriver.这枚硬币可以充当螺丝起子用.act like:意思是 行为像、举动像，相当于英语的to act in the manner of,它常与人或动物名词连用.like是介词，其后接宾语.e.g.That child acts like a grown-up.那个孩子的举动像成年人一样.according as 根据，随.而定【例句】Everyone contributes according as he is able.每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献

31、【总结】according a s后接从句according to根据;按照 例句They divided themselves into three groups according to age.他们按年龄分成三组.取决于 彳 列 句 We will go or we wont,according to circumstances.我们或去或不去，都将视情况而定.据 所载;据 所说【例句】According to the Bible,Adam was the first man.据 圣经记载，亚当是人类始祖.【总结】according t o后一般不接view（看法）和opinion（意见

32、）这类词，也不接表示第一人称的代词（me,us）.to是介词，后接名词代词等.如:依我看，这部电影很不错.正:In my opinion,the film is wonderful.误:According to my opinion,the film iswonderful.误:According to me,the film is wonderful.【词语辨析】according as与according to的用法区别（l）according as 根据，随.而定（后接从句）.如:Everyone contributes accordingas he is able.每个人根据自己的能力

33、作出贡献（2）according to 根据，按照（主要引出状语）.如:Everything went off according toplan.一切都按照计划实现了.合乎，符合（主要引出表语）.如:It is not according tohis nature to give praise.他本性不喜欢颂扬.成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲十一l .all through the（night/year/ones life）整个.【彳 列 句】Some cold-blooded animals hibernate all through the winter.一些冷血动物整个冬天都冬眠.【总

34、结】all through意思为 在整个 期间，后面接表示时间的名词.【词语辨析】all over、all throughall over意为 在（遍及）的各部分，只接表示地点的名词.all through意思为 在整个 期间，后面接表示时间的名词.2.all.not.不都是 （部分否定）【例句】All the ants do not go out for food,并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去采食.【总结】Allnot 一般表示，不都是（not al这种部分否定意义,但有时也表示 都不 这一全部否定的意义.要表示全部否定，可 把not改 为no以避免歧义m。是限定词,在意义上是直接否定所修饰名词的

35、.none,neither,no+被修饰成分等，也不会产生歧义.比较下面的例句：Not all birds can fly.不是所有的鸟都会飞.No birds can play chess.鸟是不会下棋的.（牛津英语用法指南 Michael Swam着）3.allow doing/sb.to do 允许（某人）做某事【例句】We dont allow smoking in our house.在我们家里不容许吸烟【总结】allow t。do sth也可以换成allow sb to do sth.;allow doing却不能换成有 sb的形式.这是二者的区别,意思上基本没有什么区别.4.an

36、nounce to sb.sth.（=announce sth.to sb.）向某人宣布某事【例句】The manager announced to the worker the decision.经理宣布了 对这个工人的决定.【总结】announce后不可接双宾语.在美国，人们习惯在announce后直接加动词的被动语态.The work is announced finished.但是在英国,人们习惯将被动语态表达完整.Thee work is announced to be finished.【词义辨析】announce,declare,proclaim,pronounce,advert

37、ise,broadcast,publish这些动词均含 宣布，公开”之意.announce:多指首次宣布大家感兴趣或可满足大家好奇心的事情.declare:侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布.proclaim:指官方宣布重大事件或施政方针,语体比announce正式.pronounce:词义与announce,declare接近，但较多用于指法律判决方面的宣布.advertise:指通过文字和图像资料等的反复宣传而引起公众的注意，有时隐含令人不快或言过其实的意味.broadcast:专指利用广播或电视传播消息或发表见解.publish:专指通过报刊或其它媒介向公众公布事情5.answer fo r为

38、.负责任 彳 列 句 You should find out the answer for yourself.你应该自己去找答案.成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲5【例句】A group of visitors are visiting Summer Place.一群游客正在参观颐和园【总结】a group of属介词短语，后接可数名词。2.a kind of一种【例句】This is a new kind of car.这是一种新式的汽车。几分【例句】She has a kind of genius.她有几分天才。【总结】a kind of常可表示不确定的 某种类似 的意思。3.a knif

39、e and fork 一副刀叉【例句】There is a knife and fork on the table.桌子上有一副刀叉。【总结】a knife and fork作主语谓语用单数。用 and连接的并列主语表示不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数；表示同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。4.(a)lack of 缺乏【彳 列 句】Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。5.a large quantity of 大量【例句】A quantity of baskets were on

40、 sale.大量篮子在出售。【总结】a quantity of+不可数名词,谓语只用单数,quantities of+可数与不可数名词，谓语要用复数。成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲十五l.as well 也;一样【例句】Wang Hai is a worker and a militiaman as well.王海是个工人，也是个民兵.【总结】as well常用于肯定句句尾，表示 还也 等意思.He knows French,andhe knows English as well.他懂法语,他也懂英语.（一）as well后 接as,边接两个同类项，表示 不但，而且，和跟 等意思，强调as

41、well前面的人或事物.He came as well as his brother.不仅他哥哥来了，而且他也来了.（二）as well as和动词连用，表示同类事物相比较，结果一样好.He can speakEnglish as well as you do.他英语说得和你一样好.【拓展】also的用法also用于实义动词之前 also用于实义动词之前They also agree with me.他们也同意我的看法.also用于be动词之后Aalso用于be动词之后I was also there.我也在那儿.also用于第一个助动词之后 also用于第一个助动词之后His sister

42、has also gone to town.他的妹妹也到镇里去了.also有时放在句首 also有时放在句子的最前一些学生也冒险通过论文写出他们自己的评论.also不能放在句末2.ask(that)sb.(should)d o 要求某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)例 句 Heasked that they(should)be allowed to use a dictionary.他 要 求 准 许 他 们 用 词 典.【总 结】ask sb.to do要 求 某 人 做 某 事.sb.是宾语,to do是宾补.ask(that)sb.(should)do要 求 某 人 做 某 事.that引 导

43、宾 语 从 句.sb.是 宾 语 从句 的 主 语.把ask(that)sb.(should)do结 构 中 的 括 号 去 掉,也 可 以 说 成 是ask sb.do3.ask for要，要求【例 句】The miners areasking for another increase in pay.煤 矿 工 人 正 在 要 求 再 次 加 薪.找(人)【例 句】Theres an old man at the door,asking for you.门 口 有 一 位 老 人 找 你.【拓 展】ask for a lift要 求 搭 车ask for a loan 借 款ask for

44、a answer 要求答复ask for a ruling要求作出裁决ask for a divorce 申请离婚ask for leave 请假ask sb.for a lift请某人让搭（车）一程ask sb.for advice取得某人的建议ask some questions of sb.向某人提问（书面语）4.at a distance有一些距离、在远处【例句】The shops wereat a distance from where they lived.商店离他们住所有一段路.Dogs that bark at a distance bite not at hand.远处狗就叫

45、,近身不会咬.【拓展】from a distance从远方in the distance在很远的地方（目不可及）ke即 sb.at a distance于某人保持一定距离【总结】at a distance在远处（目可及）in the distance在很远的地方（目不可及）一定用名词.5.at a depth of 在.深处【例句】When he is at a great depth of a sea,a diver get the bends.当潜水员潜到一定的深处，就会出现潜函病（深海潜水员因浮出水面太快而感到关节剧痛、呼吸困难的症状）.【拓展】have a depth a t深达.re

46、ach a depth at:深达attain a depth at:深达to a depth of:深达in depth:深入的，彻底at a great depth:在很深处成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲12【例句】Apart from Kelly,Joy will go to swim tomorrow.除了 Kelly外，Joy明天也会去游泳。【总结】apart from具有多重意义:既可表示besides,也可以表示exept或exept fo r,还可以表示without的意思。2.apply for 申请【彳 列 句】Dont apply for that job:youre

47、in danger of overreaching yourself.不要申请那份工作，以免有不自量力之嫌。【词语辨析】apply to sb.for sth.为 向.申请；apply for 申请；apply to 适用【名师解析】apply fo r申请;apply t。适用;amountt。总计，等于;attend t。(=give ones attention,care and thought)注意，照顾;3.appreciate doing 感激做.例句 We shall appreciate hearing from you again.我们恭候佳音。【总结】appreciate

48、不接不定式，还可以用：appreciate+sth./appreciate+that从句4.as a matter of fact实际上,事实上【例句】As a matter of fact,Ive never been there before.事实上我从未到过那【总结】as a matter of fact是副词短语，作状语。成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲六l.a large/small/great amount of 一些【例句】A million dollars is a large amount of money to me.100万美元对我来说是一笔巨款.【总结】a large/

49、small/great amount o f后接不可数名词【拓展】the amount of.作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.The amount of money spent on the bridge was large.这座桥耗资巨大.large amounts of.作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式?表示 许多 的短语:1)修饰可数名词:a great many,many,a good many,a(large,great)number of,(many a)2M修饰不可数名词：much,a great/good deal of,a great amount of3）修饰可数或不可数名词

50、a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large/great quantityof（谓语视名词特性而定）,quantities of（谓语用复数）（1）a great/good many+名词复数,中间无of.A great many people have seenthe film.（2）a great/good many+of+the/these/those/ones+名词复数A great many of the people have seen the film.2.a little 一点，少许，略微，稍【例句】After a little he got up an