成人学位英语考试重点短语精讲七.pdf

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1、成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲7【例句】A series of performances is scheduled.一系列演出已安排定日期。【总结】series单复数相同。2.a total of 总计.【例句】we spent a total of ten years in korea,germany and japan【总结】a total of后接数词。3.a type of 一种【例句】A firefly is a type of beetle.萤火虫是一种甲虫。【总结】a type o f比较技术一点，使用面向对来说比较狭窄，表示事物的形式4.a variety of 种 例句 A

2、ll of them arrive late for a variety of reasons.由于种种原因,他们都来晚了。【总结】a variety o f强调多样化，【生物】变化;种类。【词语辨析a kind of,a sort of,a type of,a variety ofa kind o f的使用最宽泛了，一般a sort of,a type of可以互换用的，a kind of,也都可以用。然后a sort of,a type of表达的意思跟精确一点,一般a sort of都是比较直观的分类，比如图钉跟别针的分类。a type o f比较技术一点，使用面向对来说比较狭窄;a v

3、ariety o f强调多样化，【生物】变化;种类。5.advise(that)sb.(should)d o 建议某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)【例句】We advised that they(should)start early.我们建议他们应该及早开始。【总结】advise后跟从句时用虚拟语气，should加动词原形，should可以省略。【拓展】advise的其他用法advise+sb.to do sth建议某人做某事advise+sb.not to d o 建议某人不要做某事 advise+sb.against doing sth.建议某人不要做某事advise+doing sth.建议做

4、某事成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲十l .all kinds o f各种各样的【例句 1 These woods are frequented by all kinds of birds,这些树林里经常栖息着各种鸟类.2.all of a sudden 突然（单用）【例句 1 All of a sudden the lights went out.突然灯灭了.【总结】all of a sudden副词短语，做状语.3.all over 整个【例句】The game is all over.比赛已全部结束.在（遍及）的各部分Computers will be used more and mor

5、e in the future all over the world.将来全世界要越来越多的使用电脑.【总结】all over意为 在（遍及）的各部分，只接表示地点的名词.4.all sorts o f各种各样的【例句】All sorts of lamps are available in that shop.在那家商店可买到各式各样的灯具【词语辨析】all kinds of与all sorts of,都意为各种各样的，前者较正式，后者较口语，后者多指人【词语辨析】kinds o f是很多种；kind o f表示有点,稍稍;若变成be kind o f则表示某人友善的性格；a kind of

6、表示种；all kinds o f表示各种各样的5.all the same 仍然、依然 例句 1 Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他们是赢是输於我都一样.【总 结】副词短语，作状语.成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲11【彳 列 句】Some cold-blooded animals hibernate all through the winter.一些冷血动物整个冬天都冬眠。【总结】all through意思为“在整个 期间”，后面接表示时间的名词。【词语辨析】all over、all throughall over意为“在（遍及

7、）的各部分，只接表示地点的名词。all through意思为 在整个 期间，后面接表示时间的名词。2.all.not 不都是 （部分否定）【例句】All the ants do not go out for food.并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去采食。【总结】Allnot一般表示，不都是（not all），这种部分否定意义，但有时也表示，都不，这一全部否定的意义。要表示全部否定，可把not改为n。以避免歧义。n。是限定词，在意义上是直接否定所修饰名词的。none,neither,no+被修饰成分等，也不会产生歧义。比较下面的例句：Not all birds can fly.不是所有的鸟都会飞。No

8、birds can play chess.鸟是不会下棋的。（牛津英语用法指南MichaelSwam 著）3.allow doing/sb.to do 允许（某人）做某事【例句】We dont allow smoking in our house.在我们家里不容许吸烟【总结】allow to do sth也可以换成allow sb to do sth.;allow doing却不能换成有 sb的形式。这是二者的区别，意思上基本没有什么区别。4.announce to sb.sth.（=announce sth.to sb.）向某人宣布某事【例句】The manager announced to

9、the worker the decision.经理宣布 了对这个工人的决定。【总结】announce后不可接双宾语。在美国，人们习惯在announce后直接加动词的被动语态。The work is announced finished.但是在英国，人们习惯将被动语态表达完整。Thee work is announced to be finished.【词义辨析】announce,declare,proclaim,pronounce,advertise,broadcast,publish这些动词均含“宣布，公开”之意。announce:多指首次宣布大家感兴趣或可满足大家好奇心的事情。decla

10、re:侧重正式就某事清楚明白地宣布。proclaim:指官方宣布重大事件或施政方针，语体比announce正式。pronounce:词义与announce,declare接近，但较多用于指法律判决方面的宣布。advertise:指通过文字和图像资料等的反复宣传而引起公众的注意，有时隐含令人不快或言过其实的意味。broadcast:专指利用广播或电视传播消息或发表见解。publish:专指通过报刊或其它媒介向公众公布事情5.answer fo r为 负责任【彳 列 句】You should find out the answer for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。成人学位英语考试重点

11、短语语法精讲9+do同意去做【例句】We agree to leave at once.我们同意马上离开。+n（建议）、pron.etc.【例句】Hes agreed to our suggestion about the holiday.他已经同意我们关于假日的计划了。【总结】agree to后接一件建议或计划或接动词原形。2.agree with同意、赞同【例句】Do you agree with m e?你同意我吗？与 一致【彳 列 句】The witnesses statements just dont agree with each other.几个证人的陈述并不一致。（衣服等）适合

12、某人He doesnt agree with mutton.他不喜欢吃羊肉。【词语辨析】agree to,agree on,agree with这些短语动词均可表示 同意 之意。agree to：常与 plan（计戈力、arrangement（安排）、suggestion（建议）、proposal（建议）、terms（条件）、method（方法）等名词连用。这 时agree to不仅指其主语与对方看法一致，而且暗含自己也愿合作、承担义务或效法的意味。agree on：指双方或多方在某件事情上取得一致的意见。常 与plan（计划）、date（日期）、terms（条件）、price（价格）等名词连

13、用。agree with：可用于指人，指同意其看法或意见等，也可与一些名词或从句连用。与agreet。不同之处是，仅表示看法或意见一致，没有愿意进行合作或效法的含义。3.ahead of在 前面，先于He will be ahead of others in English.他在英语方面将超过别人。adv.在.前面Luckily the van ahead of us skidded off the road on our left,but it was a verynear miss.我们前面的客货车滑出我们左边的路，侥幸没撞上。【总结】ahead of在 前面，是抽象意义上的，如 科技实力

14、，时间 等概 念。4.aim at 瞄准.,目的 彳 列 句 The sportsman did not fire into the brown,but took careful aim at someparticular bird.那猎人并没有向鸟群开枪，只瞄准了特定的一只鸟【总结laim at后加doing/sth.表力求做到某事/力求达到某事后加sb./sth.表瞄准某人/瞄准某物。【拓展】be aimed at+doing目的是做某事。5.AII but A.除了 A 以外所有人【例句】All but a few will say amen to his proposal.除了少数几个

15、人外，大家都会十分赞成他的建议。【总结】谓语动词与all一致，用复数。成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲十二1.apart from 除.夕 卜.【例句】Apart from Kelly,Joy will go to swim tomorrow.除了 K elly外,Joy明天也会去游泳.【总结lapart from具有多重意义:既可表示besides,也可以表示exept或exeptfor,还可以表示without的意思.2.apply for 申请【彳 列 句】Dont apply for that job:youre in danger of overreaching yourself.不

16、要申请那份工作，以免有不自量力之嫌.【词语辨析】apply to sb.for sth.为向.申请；apply for 申请；apply to 适用【名师解析】apply fo r申请;apply t o适用;amount t。总计,等于;attend to(=give ones attention,care and thought)注意,照顾;3.appreciate doing 感激做.【例句】We shall appreciate hearing from you again.我们恭候佳音.【总结】appreciate 不接不定式，还可以用:appreciate+sth./appreci

17、ate+that从句4.as a matter of fact实际上，事实上【例句】As a matter of fact,Ive never been there before.事实上我从未到过那【总结】as a matter of fact是副词短语，作状语.成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲二add to增添，增加，增进 例 句 The bad weather added to our difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难.【总 结】其宾语多为困难、欢乐等抽象名词.add.to.把 力 口 至 I.上【彳列句】Add the other items on at the bo

18、ttom of the page.把另外几项加到这一页的末尾处.【总 结】add A to B是 说 把A种 类 加 到B种类里面.这 说 明B中 有 至 少A和B2种成分了.add up加起来，总计，说的通 例 句 His story just doesnt add up,he must be lying.他说的前彳爰不一致，一定撒谎了.【总 结】add up只强调相加,不强调结果.a(great/large/small)number of 许多【例 句】A large number of students are ill these days because of the swine fl

19、u.这些天我们班的许多学生都因为猪流感而病了【总 结】a(great/large/small)number of接可数名词复数;谓语动词用复数.A(together)with B.A 与 B 一样【彳列句】France,together with China,is a great country.法国，和中国一样，是一个伟大的国家.成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲3【例句】It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter.夏天不好过，冬天也不好过【总结】A as well as B 谓语动词与A 一致。as well as可连接并列的单词或短语。a

20、s well as与动词连用时，其后可用V-ing形式，尤其as well a s 位于句首时，此时相当于 in addition to。例如：As well as breaking his leg,he hurt his arm.他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。as well as用于肯定结构和否定结构中，其意义不同。as well as和 not搭配使用，as well as位于not前时，两者均否定;位于not后时，否定前者，肯定后者。例如：George hasnt gone abroad as well as his brother,乔治并没有和他兄弟一样出国去。（他兄弟一人出国）Ge

21、orge,as well as his brother,hasnt gone abroad.乔治和他兄弟都没有出国。a bit of 一点【例句】It was a bit of a bore,wasnt it?这有点叫人厌烦，不是吗？【总结】a bit o f后接不可数名词，相当于a little还要注意有些常用词组,如have a bit of a cold（有点儿感冒），cold（感冒）”虽然是个不可数名词，但习惯上要加aa bit 一点【例句】Your article is a bit short.【总结】a bit放在形容词、副词前，作状语;也可作宾语、表语。【词语辨析】a bit o

22、f/a bita bit of是介词短语，后接不可数名词;a bit是副词短语，修饰形容词、副词、动词，作状语;也可作宾语、表语。a bunch of 一束、一捆【彳 列 句】He gave a bunch of flowers to his girlfriend.他送给女友一束花。【总结】a bunch of后接可数名词复数形式。a copy of 一份（报纸等）【例句 1 A copy of China Today is on the desk.【总结】a copy of后接可数名词单数。成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲14【例句】He behaved as though nothing

23、had happened.他装作若无其事的样子。【总结】as if/as though的用法a s if与 asthough是一组同义词，两者意思相同，用法也相同，只是在口语中人们多半会用as if,取其简短。as if和 asthough用法较为复杂,（一）在通常情况下，as i f 和 as though所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,表示所叙述的情况与事实相反。具体用法如下：1）谈论现在情形的，用过去时（动词be用 were,也可用was）：Why is she looking at me as though she knew m e?他为什么那样看我？像是认识我似的。He beha

24、ves as if he owned the house.他的样子好像他拥有这个房子。Its not as though he was/were poor.2）谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：a）过去式，表示过去的状态，如:He stood there looking at the train and laughing,as if to miss a train was thebest joke in the world.他站在那里，望着火车哈哈大笑，好像误了火车是天底下最开心的事儿似的。Mr.Coleman always talked as if he knew everything.但是

25、，如果状态动词带有持续时间状语，则用过去完成时:They talked as if they had been friends for years.（试比较：They had been friends for years.）Now it is as though she had known Millie for years.（现代英语用法词典）情态动词亦用过去时：b）过去完成时，表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成，如：It was as if he had lost his last friend.I remember,she tells her children now,how wild

26、 his white hair looked-asif it had been electrified.必须注意的时，在指过去的动作时，即使主句是现在时，as i f从句中的动词也要用过去完成时：He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的。C）过去进行时，表示动作正在进行：He heard a noise,as if someone was breathing.I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet.我感到大地仿佛在

27、脚下滑动。d）过去将来时，表示将要发生的事态：It looked as if it was going to snow.（二）如果as if后面的从句所表示的情况时真实的或很可能时真实的，则动词可以用陈述语气，在 feel,look,seem smell,sound,taste之后尤其如此。试比较：F.T.Wood 所著 English Colloquial Idioms 中的两个例子:He walks as if he is drunk.He walks as if he were drunk.第一句表示“他已经醉了“，第 2 句则表示“他没有醉。又如：It looks as if it i

28、s going to rain.It looks as if were going to rain.第一例意味着快要下雨了，第二例则意味着不会下雨。（三）随着语言的发展，as if后面的从句即使反映的不是事实，也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，这主要出现在口语或不太正式的文体中。例如：With the development of these new tools,it is as if man has随着这些新工具的发展，人好像突然间成为精神上的百万富翁似的。（四）在非正式文体（尤其是美国英语）中，可以用like做连词代替as i f和asthougho 例如：She started kissi

29、ng me like we were on our honeymoon.她开始吻我，好像是在度蜜月似的。（五）as if和as though从句中的省略当as if和as though从句的主语与主句一致时，该主语和后面的动词可以省略。于是便出现下面几种结构：l）as if+不定式He opened his lips as if（he were）to make some reply.The bee checked its forward speed,circled and then drifted slowlyover the mirrorlike surface of the pool as

30、 if to admire its ownreflection.蜜蜂放慢飞行速度，转了几圈儿，然后在清澈如镜的水潭上空慢慢地飘过，似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影。2)不定式+形容词或形容词短语Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life.嘉莉觉得似乎无法再忍受这种生活了。He lay still for a long while,as if dead.3)as if+介词短语He looked about as if(he was)in search of something.4)as if+现在分词Nevertheless,the bee kept e

31、xercising the wings slowly up and down,as though assessing the damage.然而，那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活动着它地翅膀，仿佛在估量着所受的损害。5)as if+名词He acts as if(he was)a fool.6)as if+副词He made that remark as if absently.他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话。现代英语惯用法词典上也有如下例句：He looked as if he were ill.He looks as if he had been ill.我们在前面也有过类似的例句。下面在提供

32、一些主句用现在时而从句仍用过去完成时的例句：A:Weve been back at work now for three days.我们回来上课到现在已三天7B:I feel as if I had been back for three months.我感到似乎已回来三个月 了。(比较：I have been back for three months.)(六)as if和as though的功能1)引导方式状语从句They talked as if they had been friends for years.2）引导表语从句He looked as if he had just ste

33、pped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.3）引导感叹句，表示对某种建议、假定、想象等的反对：As if I cared!好像我很在乎似的!（相当于：I dont care!）He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character.As if I ever should!他告诫我不要同可疑的人来往，好像我真会那样做似的!成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲四a couple of 对，两，双【例句】两个There is a coup

34、le of boys waiting for you.有两个男孩等你.一些，几个He must have a rest for a couple of weeks.他必须休息几个星期【总结】a couple of+n(c).作主语时谓语动词通常用单数，接可数名词复数a crowd of 一群、许多 例句 There is a crowd of papers and books is on his desk.有大堆文件和书籍在他的桌子.【总结】a crowd of后接可数名词.【实战演练】cattle were dotted around the grass land with a little

35、 boysitting on a rock.A.A crowd of B.a bit of C.The number of D.A bunch of 答案:A 题意:一群牛羊分散在草地上,一个男孩坐在一块岩石上.【名师解析】a crowd of 一群、许多;a bit of 一点;The number of.的数量，谓语动词要用单数;a bunch of 一束、一捆.a good/great deal of 大量【例句】He seems to have a good(great)deal of money(trouble,etc.)他好象有很多钱(麻烦事).【总结】a good/great d

36、eal o f接不可数名词a good/great many大量(接可数名词复数)【例句】He had a good many friends here.他在这儿有很多朋友.【总结】a great many后面直接加复数可数名词.a great deal大量的 例句A great deal of work awaits me.许多工作等着我去做.非常【例句】He likes to swim a good.他非常喜欢游泳.【总结】a great deal用作名词，意为 大量,许多，作主语、宾语;用作副词，意为 很 或 非常，作状语，修饰动词或用来强调比较级.【词义辨析】a good many o

37、f,a good deal of,a good many,a good deal 的区另U与用法a great deal of后加不可数名词，如：a great deal of money/rice/water/information而a good many后加可数名词复数，如：a good many apples/people/boxes/eggs两个词意思是 很多，许多，大量的 的意思a good many of后加可数名词的复数或代词的宾格，指 中的许多/很多东西,如:a good many of the apples/them苹果中的许多，他们中的很多，请比较：第一句:很多学生来自上海

38、.第二句:学生中有许多来自上海.a great deal用作名词，意为 大量,许多，作主语、宾语;用作副词，意为 很 或非常，作状语,修饰动词或用来强调比较级.如：A great deal has been studied and this is the best way.经过大量研究后，这（被认为）是的办法.成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲六l.a large/small/great amount of 一些【例句】A million dollars is a large amount of money to me.100万美元对我来说是一笔巨款.【总结】a large/small/grea

39、t amount o f后接不可数名词【拓展】the amount of.作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.The amount of money spent on the bridge was large.这座桥耗资巨大.large amounts of.作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式?表示 许多 的短语:1)修饰可数名词:a great many,many,a good many,a(large,great)number of,(many a)2M修饰不可数名词：much,a great/good deal of,a great amount of3）修饰可数或不可数名词 a lot of,l

40、ots of,plenty of,a large/great quantityof（谓语视名词特性而定）,quantities of（谓语用复数）（1）a great/good many+名词复数,中间无of.A great many people have seenthe film.（2）a great/good many+of+the/these/those/ones+名词复数A great many of the people have seen the film.2.a little 一点，少许，略微，稍【例句】After a little he got up and left.过了一

41、会儿他站起来走了.【总结】a little用于不可数名词和形容词前.3.a loaf of 一条,一块【彳 列 句 Fanny cut half a loaf of bread with a fine knife.fanny用一把锋利的刀切了一半面包4.a piece of 一张（片，块,.）例句 Would you please give me a piece of paper?能给我一张纸吗？【总结】a piece of用在不可数名词前，表示数量【辨析】a piece of/a loaf of/a bar ofpiece片，面piece是用来形容比较薄的东西的，纸，切片，面包,piece

42、一片的意思loaf棱角不分明的长方体可以形容面包，法棍 面包那种的就叫loaf,长条的那种.以loaf来形容这种形bar棱角分明长方体(形卜金条,工具栏(toolbar).【拓展】a bottle of 一瓶；a pound of 一磅；half a pound of 半磅;a quarter of 四分之一(1/4);a tin of 一听S.A rather than B 与其 B,不如 A【例句】He is an explorer rather than a sailor.与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者.总结 A rather than B意为 是.而不是.;与其.不如.表示客

43、观事实;它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词（短语）、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等.成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲4a couple of 对，两，双【例句】两个There is a couple of boys waiting for you.有两个男孩等你。一些，几个He must have a rest for a couple of weeks.他必须休息几个星期【总结】a couple of+n(c).作主语时谓语动词通常用单数，接可数名词复数a crowd of 一群、许多 例句 There is a crowd of papers and books is on hi

44、s desk.有大堆文件和书籍在他的桌子。【总结】a crowd of后接可数名词。【实战演练】cattle were dotted around the grass land with a little boysitting on a rock.A.A crowd of B.a bit of C.The number of D.A bunch of 答案：A 题意：一群牛羊分散在草地上，一个男孩坐在一块岩石上。【名师解析】a crowd of 一群、许多;a bit of 一点;The number of.的数量，谓语动词要用单数;a bunch of 一束、一捆。a good/great

45、deal of 大量【例句】He seems to have a good(great)deal of money(trouble,etc.)他好象有很多钱(麻烦事)。【总结】a good/great deal o f接不可数名词a good/great many大量(接可数名词复数)【例句】He had a good many friends here.他在这儿有很多朋友。【总结】a great many后面直接加复数可数名词。a great deal大量的 例句A great deal of work awaits me.许多工作等着我去做。非常【例句】He likes to swim a

46、 good.他非常喜欢游泳。【总结】a great deal用作名词，意为“大量，许多，作主语、宾语;用作副词，意为 很 或 非常，作状语，修饰动词或用来强调比较级。【词义辨析】a good many of,a good deal of,a good many,a good deal 的区另U与用法a great deal of后加不可数名词，如：a great deal of money/rice/water/information而 a good many后加可数名词复数，如：a good many apples/people/boxes/eggs两个词意思是“很 多，许 多，大量的的意思

47、a good many of后加可数名词的复数或代词的宾格，指“中的许多/很多东西”，如：a good many of the apples/them苹果中的许多，他们中的很多，请比较：第一句：很多学生来自上海。第二句：学生中有许多来自上海。a great deal用作名词，意为“大量，许 多 ,作 主 语、宾语;用作副词,意为 很 或 非常，作状语，修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如：A great deal has been studied and this is the best way.经过大量研究后，这（被认为）是的办法。成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲6【例句】A million dol

48、lars is a large amount of money to me.100万美元对我来说是一笔巨款。【总结】a large/small/great amount o f后接不可数名词【拓展】the amount of 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The amount of money spent on the bridge was large.这座桥耗资巨大。large amounts of 作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式?表示“许多”的短语：1)修饰可数名词：a great many,many,a good many,a(large,great)number of,(many a)

49、2)修饰不可数名词：much,a great/good deal of,a great amount of3)修饰可数或不可数名词 a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large/great quantityof（谓语视名词特性而定），quantities of（谓语用复数）(1)a great/good many+名词复数，中间无of。A great many people haveseen the film.(2)a great/good many+of+the/these/those/ones+名词复数A great many of the people have

50、seen the film.2.a little一点，少许，略微，稍【例句】After a little he got up and left.过了一会儿他站起来走了。【总结】a little用于不可数名词和形容词前。3.a loaf of 一条,一块 例句Fanny cut half a loaf of bread with a fine knife.fanny用一把锋利的刀切了一半面包4.a piece of一张(片，块，.)【例句】Would you please give me a piece of paper?能给我一张纸吗?【总结】a piece of用在不可数名词前，表示数量 辨