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1、ChinaANationofManyEthnicGroupsChinaisabeautifulland.Theancestorsofitsvariousethnicgroupshave,sincetimeimmemorial,laboredandmultipliedonthisvastbountifulland.QinShiHuang,theFirstEmperorofQinDynasty,accomplishedthehistoricmissionoffoundingacentralized,unifiedstate.Thismarkedagreatbeginning.Sincethen,C
2、hinesevariousethnicgroupshavelivedtogetherasasinglenation(ofcivilization).56EthnicGroupsofChinaTodayinChina,thereare56ethnicgroupsincludingtheHans.Theydiffergreatlyinsize.TheHansarethemostnumerousmorethanalltherestputtogether.Theyconstitute91.51%ofChinesepopulationaccordingtothe2010nationalpopulatio
3、ncensus.Alltherestcombinetomakeupjust8.49%.Oftheseminoritygroups,thelargestistheZhuang,withmorethan15millionpeople;nextcometheManchu,Hui,Miao,Uygur,Yi,andTujiapeoples,eachhasapopulationofoverfivemillion.Somestatisticsfrom2010NationalPopulationCensusTotalpopulationaswasenumeratedthroughthecensuswas1,
4、339,724,852persons,anincreaseof73.90millionpersonsor5.84percentoverthe10yearssincethe2000census,oranannualgrowthof0.57percent.Thiswas0.5percentagepointslowerthantheannualgrowthof1.07percentregisteredbetween1990and2000,demonstratingasteadylowfertilityinthepopulationgrowthofChinaoverthepastdecade.Ofth
5、epopulationenumerated,91.51percentwereofHannationality,downby0.08percentagepointsfromthe91.59percentin2000populationcensus,and8.49percentwereofvariousnationalminorities,upby0.08percentagepointsfromthe8.41percentin2000census.Theaverageannualgrowthofminoritypopulationoverthepast10yearswas0.67percent,o
6、r0.11percentagepointshigherthantheannualgrowthofpopulationofHannationality.我国的宗教信仰情况及宗教政策我国的宗教信仰情况及宗教政策我国的宗教信仰政策 (1)宗教信仰自由 (2)保护正常的宗教活动宗教的历史作用 1.宗教的消极作用 (1)精神手段;(2)侵略工具;(3)阻碍科学。2.宗教的积极作用 (1)斗争手段;(2)宗教文化;(3)维护社会秩序。Yunnan ranks first in China in terms of religiousbeliefsandisworththenameof“theKingdomo
7、fReligion”.The five main religions in Yunnan are:Buddhism(including Mahayana,Hynayana andLamaism),Daoism,Christianity,Islamandprimitivereligion.Accordingtothestatistics,exceptprimitivereligion,there are 4,789 places for religiousactivities,9,481 people are involved in religiousservice,and about 2 mi
8、llion people believe indifferentreligions.CharacteristicsofYunnanReligionsYunnanranksfirstinChinaintermsofreligiousbeliefs,havingallthe5influentialreligionsinChina;Thereligionsarewellcombinedwiththeethniccultures;Allthesereligionspermeateandinfluenceoneanother.中国的民族区域自治中国的民族区域自治(一)统一多民族国家国情与民族区域自(一)
9、统一多民族国家国情与民族区域自治治1、统一的多民族国家的、统一的多民族国家的长期存在长期存在,是实行民,是实行民族区域自治的历史依据族区域自治的历史依据2、近代以来在反抗外来侵略斗争中形成的、近代以来在反抗外来侵略斗争中形成的爱爱国主义精神国主义精神,是实行民族区域自治的政治基础,是实行民族区域自治的政治基础3、各民族大杂居、小聚居的人口分布格局,、各民族大杂居、小聚居的人口分布格局,各地区资源条件和发展的差距,是实行民族区各地区资源条件和发展的差距,是实行民族区域自治的现实条件域自治的现实条件(二)民族区域自治的政治地位(二)民族区域自治的政治地位和民族自治地方的建立和民族自治地方的建立1、
10、民族区域自治的政治地位、民族区域自治的政治地位2、民族自治地方的建立、民族自治地方的建立到2003年底,共建立5个自治区,30个自治州、120个自制县(旗)。云南省有8个自治州、29个自治县3、民族自治地方自治机关的组成、民族自治地方自治机关的组成StatesPoliciestowardsMinorities1.equality/unity2.autonomousareas3.respectforminoritypeoplescustomsandculture4.preferentialpoliciesinpoliticalfields,education,economicdevelopmen
11、tResultsStrengtheningthestabilityofthecountryandpromotingthelocalsocialprogressGuaranteeingtheequalityrightPromotingthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentinminorityareas 从到年,新建立了个自治县。至年月,中国已经有个聚居的少数民族建立了民族自治地方,共建立个民族自治地方(个自治区、个自治州、个自治县旗),自治地方占国土的左右,实行民族自治地方的民族人口占全国很少民族的左右。至此,全中国民族自治地方的数量布局,与全国各少数民族的实际情况基本相
12、适应,就全国范围来讲,建立民族自治地方的任务已经基本完成。AutonomyPolicyAutonomousareas1.5 Autonomous areas(in China)atprovinciallevelInnerMongolia:May1947XinjiangUygur:Oct.1955Guangxi Zhuang-autonomous Region:March1958NingxiaHui-autonomousRegion:Oct.1958TibetanRegion:Sep.1965Autonomousarea2.8Autonomousareas(inYunnan)atprefectu
13、relevelDiqingTibetan-autonomousPrefectureNujiangLisu-autonomousPrefecttureDaliBai-autonomousPrefectureChuxiongYi-autonomousPrefectureDehongDai-Jingpo-autonomousPrefectureXishuangbannaDai-autonomousPrefectureHongheHani-Yi-autonomousPrefecureWenshanZhuang-autonmousPrefecture(三)国家对民族自治地方的支(三)国家对民族自治地方的
14、支持和帮助持和帮助1、把加快民族自治地方的发展摆到突出位置、把加快民族自治地方的发展摆到突出位置2、优先合理安排民族自治地方基础设施建设项目、优先合理安排民族自治地方基础设施建设项目3、加大对民族自治地方财政支持力度、加大对民族自治地方财政支持力度4、重视民族自治地方的生态建设和环境保护、重视民族自治地方的生态建设和环境保护5、采取特殊措施帮助民族自治地方发展教育事业、采取特殊措施帮助民族自治地方发展教育事业6、加大对少数民族贫困地区的扶持力度、加大对少数民族贫困地区的扶持力度7、增加对民族自治地方社会事业的投入、增加对民族自治地方社会事业的投入8、扶持民族自治地方扩大对外开放、扶持民族自治地
15、方扩大对外开放9、组织发达地区与民族自治地方开展对口支援、组织发达地区与民族自治地方开展对口支援10、照顾少数民族特殊的生产生活需要、照顾少数民族特殊的生产生活需要SpecialTopic:DirectTransition1.Whatis“DirectTransition”?2.Nationalitiesinvolved:Dulong,Nu,Lisu,Wa,Bulang,Deang,Jinuo,andJingpo3.Howcamethespecialpolicy?-primitivesociety-lowproductionlevel-poorcivilization(almost100%il
16、literate)-livinginremotemountainareas-maternal/paternal/geographicalcommunities4.SpecialPoliciestoThesePeoples-uniteandeducatethetriballeaders-developsocialproduction-reformonownershipofmeansofproduction-primitivecooperationsocialistcollectivelabor-getridofexploitation-getridofbackwardideasandcustoms-carryoutautonomousregionpolicy