翻译层次-词语翻译.ppt

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1、翻译层次-词语翻译4转性译法转性译法n n所谓转性译法就是在翻译过程中，根据译文的习惯进行词性转换，不失原意词性转换，不失原意的基础上对所译文字融会贯通，达到自然完美。Vietnamese War is a Vietnamese War is a draindrain on American resources.on American resources.越南战争不断地越南战争不断地消耗消耗消耗消耗美国的资源。（名词转为动词）美国的资源。（名词转为动词）The government called for the establishment of more technical The gover

2、nment called for the establishment of more technical schools.schools.政府号召政府号召建立建立建立建立更多的技术学校。（名词转为动词）更多的技术学校。（名词转为动词）Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.每天早上，她都要到湖区去每天早上，她都要到湖区去散步散步。（名词转为动词）。（名词转为动词）n nI am so grateful to my f

3、ather for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.n n我非常感激父亲，因为在小时候他总是不断地鼓励我。n n（原文中以原文中以 for for 为引导介词词组在译文中被转译为引导介词词组在译文中被转译成以成以“因为因为”为引导的状语从句。因此，原文中为引导的状语从句。因此，原文中 for for 这个介词在译文中被处理成连接词这个介词在译文中被处理成连接词“因为因为”，定语，定语 his his 转译成了主语转译成了主语“他他”，定语，定语 continuous continuous 转译成了状语转译成了状语“不断地不断地”

4、，名词，名词 encouragement encouragement 转译成了动词转译成了动词“鼓励鼓励”，定语，定语 during my during my childhood childhood 转译成了状语转译成了状语“在我小时候在我小时候“。）。）n nMillions of the people in the mountainous areas are Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally finally off off poverty.poverty.n nHe came to my home He

5、came to my home forfor help.help.n nThe woman,The woman,withwith her two daughters,arrived.her two daughters,arrived.n nHe caught the ball He caught the ball withwith his left hand.his left hand.n nIt was a very It was a very informativeinformative meeting.meeting.千百万山区人民终于摆脱了贫穷。（介词转为动词）他来到我家，请求帮助。（

6、介词转为动词）这妇女带着她的两个女儿到了。（介词转为行为动词）他用左手接球。（介词转为行为动词）会上透露了许多信息。（形容词转为动词）换形译法换形译法 n n英汉两种语言由于截然不同的文化背景在习惯表英汉两种语言由于截然不同的文化背景在习惯表达上也存在较大差异，译者不得不在翻译中达上也存在较大差异，译者不得不在翻译中改换改换改换改换表达的形式表达的形式表达的形式表达的形式，这就是换形译法。，这就是换形译法。例如例如:One boy a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy.:One boy a boy,two boys half a boy,thr

7、ee boys no boy.这才是这才是“一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚担水吃，三个和尚没水一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚担水吃，三个和尚没水吃吃”I sure want to put in my two cents worth.I sure want to put in my two cents worth.句中的句中的 two cents worth two cents worth是一种谦虚说法，来自美国。以前是一种谦虚说法，来自美国。以前,写信给报纸专栏发表看法的邮费写信给报纸专栏发表看法的邮费.就是两分钱就是两分钱.以后大家说以后大家说完一大堆完一大堆,后面都习惯加句后面都习惯加句 thats

8、my two cents worth(thats my two cents worth(以上是以上是我的意见我的意见,两分的价值两分的价值)。有点像汉语的。有点像汉语的“一孔之见一孔之见”（不成（不成熟的意见）熟的意见）n nHe used to He used to take forty winkstake forty winks after lunch.after lunch.n n他习惯午饭后小睡一会儿。（打个吨儿）他习惯午饭后小睡一会儿。（打个吨儿）n nSeven times sevenSeven times seven did I take council with my soul

9、 did I take council with my souln n 我曾一而再、再而三地扪心自问。我曾一而再、再而三地扪心自问。n nShe thinks her husband is She thinks her husband is a man in a milliona man in a millionn n她认为她丈夫是百里挑一。她认为她丈夫是百里挑一。n nAt last he said to himself desperately,“in for a penny,At last he said to himself desperately,“in for a penny,in

10、for a pound.”in for a pound.”n n(If something is worth doing then it is a case of in(If something is worth doing then it is a case of in for a penny,in for a pound,which means that when for a penny,in for a pound,which means that when gambling or taking a chance,you might as well go the gambling or

11、taking a chance,you might as well go the whole way and take all the risks,not just some.)whole way and take all the risks,not just some.)n n他最后绝望地对自己说：他最后绝望地对自己说：“一不做，二不休。一不做，二不休。”n nThe news of her sudden death really The news of her sudden death really knocked me for sixknocked me for sixn nWhich

12、of us can hope to Which of us can hope to strike twelvestrike twelve every time?every time?n nWhat is itWhat is it？What hurts youWhat hurts you？”“My eyes.Theyre”“My eyes.Theyre hurting like sixtyhurting like sixty”n n He is a decent man and is always He is a decent man and is always dressed up to th

13、e dressed up to the nines.nines.n n听说她死了，简直让我大吃一惊。听说她死了，简直让我大吃一惊。n n我们中间有谁能说回回都能取得辉煌的成就呢？我们中间有谁能说回回都能取得辉煌的成就呢？n n“怎么啦？你什么地方疼了怎么啦？你什么地方疼了”“”“我的眼睛，疼得很厉害。我的眼睛，疼得很厉害。”n n他是个体面的人，总是衣着讲究。他是个体面的人，总是衣着讲究。练习n n我母亲已步入古稀之年我母亲已步入古稀之年n n你认为明天天好她就会来，我觉得她不会来。你认为明天天好她就会来，我觉得她不会来。n n那五分钟内，有十八架飞机涌进了这个机场。那五分钟内，有十八架飞机涌

14、进了这个机场。n n这项工作花了他们二十年时间。这项工作花了他们二十年时间。n n你说他很努力，对，他确实很努力。你说他很努力，对，他确实很努力。n n她父亲是一位很有名望的教授，但我没有从他身上看到故她父亲是一位很有名望的教授，但我没有从他身上看到故作姿态的学者派头。作姿态的学者派头。n nMy mother is My mother is in her seventiesin her seventies.n nYou think she will come if it is fine tomorrow.You think she will come if it is fine tomorr

15、ow.But I dont think soBut I dont think so.n nA dozen and a halfA dozen and a half planes poured into the airport during that five planes poured into the airport during that five minutes.minutes.n nIt took them It took them two decadestwo decades to do the job.to do the job.n nYou say he works hard,Y

16、ou say he works hard,so he doesso he does.n nHer father is a famous professor,but I cant find any Her father is a famous professor,but I cant find any scholarly scholarly pretensepretense in him.in him.褒贬译法褒贬译法 n n词汇感情色彩的翻译一般应严格按照原文应严格按照原文的精神的精神来进行，而不是象词汇的词性翻译那样受译文的支配，也就是说，褒义词必须翻译成褒义词，贬义词必须翻译成贬义词，中性

17、词也应翻译成中性词。n n节俭节俭thriftythrifty吝啬吝啬stingy stingy n n辩才无碍辩才无碍eloquent eloquent 喋喋不休喋喋不休garrulous garrulous n n天真天真childlike childlike 幼稚得象小孩幼稚得象小孩childish childish n nAs lucky would have it,no one was in the building As lucky would have it,no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.when t

18、he explosion occurred.n n很幸运，爆炸发生时楼里没有一个人。很幸运，爆炸发生时楼里没有一个人。n nAs lucky would have it,there was rain in the day of As lucky would have it,there was rain in the day of the picnic.the picnic.n n真倒霉，野餐那天偏偏下雨。真倒霉，野餐那天偏偏下雨。n nThe Russians treated them as The Russians treated them as animalsanimals.n n俄国人把

19、他们当作牲畜一样对待。俄国人把他们当作牲畜一样对待。n nChurchill said,“we are sea animals,and the United Churchill said,“we are sea animals,and the United States are to large extent ocean animals.”States are to large extent ocean animals.”n n丘吉尔说：丘吉尔说：“我们是海上动物，而美国基本上是我们是海上动物，而美国基本上是海洋动物。海洋动物。”n nThe boy is appreciated by all

20、 his teachers for his The boy is appreciated by all his teachers for his carefulness in his homework.carefulness in his homework.n n这男孩因功课做得仔细认真而受到所有老师的赞这男孩因功课做得仔细认真而受到所有老师的赞赏。赏。n nI always considered him calculating and mercenary and did my I always considered him calculating and mercenary and did

21、my best to avoid him.best to avoid him.n nMany people think that he is one of the most Many people think that he is one of the most ambitiousambitious politicians of our time politicians of our time。n nAlthough he is very young,he is very Although he is very young,he is very ambitiousambitious in hi

22、s research in his research work.work.n nThe The stubbornstubborn boy refuse to listen to his parents advice.boy refuse to listen to his parents advice.n nThe invaders met a The invaders met a stubbornstubborn resistance from the local people.resistance from the local people.n n我一向认为他这个人工于心计又维利是图，所以总是尽力我一向认为他这个人工于心计又维利是图，所以总是尽力设法避开他。设法避开他。n n很多人认为他是现今最有野心的政客之一。很多人认为他是现今最有野心的政客之一。n n他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中很有雄心壮志。他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中很有雄心壮志。n n这个犟男孩不肯听父母的忠告。这个犟男孩不肯听父母的忠告。n n侵略者遭到了当地人民顽强的抵抗。侵略者遭到了当地人民顽强的抵抗。