1986-1990年考研英语真题及解析.docx

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1、1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled A, B, C and ED. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)On Wednesday afternoons

2、Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. (3)And then, with all the things she needed 3 she would leave the marke

3、t for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment b

4、efore stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6_ before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,“ and very small at the bottom, Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty. A pound a week. 8 , she could almost pa

5、y that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . Can I help you, Madam?M She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .Oh, well, no, she said. I was just looking. O We ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you 11 just come up, you w

6、ill find something to suit you.”Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn t need, left the shop hurriedly. 276 words1.ASOBmoreCelseDanother2.AtakingBmakingcfixingDkeeping3.AbuyBboughtcbuyingDto have bought4.Ain a wayBby the wayCin the wayDon the way5.AbehindBroundCba

7、ckDon6.AdoubtedBwonderedCpuzzledEddelighted7.AatBforcwithdin8.AWhyBWhencHowDWhat9,AjumpBleapClaughEdwonder10.AplaceBbackCsideEdfront、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。第一段总述文中主人公Annie每周三下午都进城购物。二至四段具体讲述了她某次的 购物经历。1.A so这么,那么C else其他的,別的二、试题具体分析B more 更多D another 另外一个本题考核的知识点是:固定搭配+副词用法。快速解题空格所在部分For an hour or

8、1是句子的时间状语,考生要判断选项中 哪个副词代入能符合这结构并使文意通顺。rso是固定搭配,用在数字之后,表示“ 左右,上下”，for an hour or so指“ 一个小时左右”,说明了时间,符合文意。因此选A SOo篇章分析文章第句总说,交待人物（Annie）、时间（每周三下午）、地点（城镇）、 活动内容（购物）。具体讲述活动内容:首先购买所需物品（句）,然后到家具店“橱 窗购物”（句）。句间通过 On Wednesday afternoonsFor an hour or soAnd thenanother hour 时间链条，in the market一up and down bet

9、ween the stalls一（leave the market）for the streets 一furniture shop地点链条实现衔接。空格设置此处考查so用作副词的个惯用语or so,表示约指,例句:There were 20 people or so there.那儿差不多有20个人。干扰项设置其他项都是常用的副词。else用于疑问句或nothing,something,everybody 等之后,如：What else did he say?他还说了些什么? or else意为“要不然,否则”,是连词 词组,引导句子,如:Hurry up or else youll be l

10、ate.快点,否则你就要迟到了。2. A taking B making C fixing D keeping本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配快速解题空格处填入的现在分词其宾语为a sharp lookout for,与上文两个分词短语 looking at., buying并列,都是句子谓语动词的伴随状语,共同描述人物的购物行为。 lookout来自动词短语look out （留心寻觅;当心，提防），指“观察所,瞭望台（人员）”， keep a lookout （for sb/sth）为固定短语,意为“注意,留心”,它代入文中,指“敏锐地留 意有时会出售的便宜货”,符合文意,因此选D keepi

11、ngo篇章分析句较长，主干为she would walk,畐词短语up and down （来回地）与介 词短语between the stalls （穿梭于售货摊之间）都是walk的状语,分别表示方式与地点; looking., buying.and keeping三个并列的分词短语是walk.stalls的伴随动作。其中在 keeping分词短语中又含有一个that引导的定语从句修饰bargains空格设置本题考査动词短语,其中中心动词keep与宾语lookout都可设空。例句： The public should keep a lookout for symptoms of the di

12、sease.公众应当留心这种疾病的症状。干扰项设置其他项都是常用的简单动词,但不符合搭配。3. A buyB bought C buying D to have bought本题考核的知识点是：独立结构。快速解题空格所在部分是“with+逻辑主语（all the things she needed） +_3_”独 立结构,在句中做状语,其中she needed是省略了关系代词that的定语从句,后置修饰things, 即“她需要的所有东西”。A buy是原形动词,不用于独立结构中。D to have bought 是不定式的完成式,用在这里不符合文意。B bought和C buying分别为过

13、去分词和现 在分词,由于things与buy是被动的逻辑关系,因此选B,即“她需要的所有东西都（被） 买好之后”。篇章分析句主干是 she would leave the market for the streets of the town,能 with 独立结构表示时间,to spend不定式短语做目的状语。leave.for表示“离开（某地） 去”。空格设置本题考查由介词with引导的独立结构。其中逻辑主语all the things和过 去分词bought之间为个省略了关系代词的定语从句she needed,构成解答本题的最大障 碍。干扰项设置其他项都设置为动词buy的不同形式,需要考生

14、理清句子结构作出判断。 4.A in a way在某种程度上,不完全地LB by the way顺便提下,问一句C in the way （.）以的方式D on the way即将去（或来）;在路途中本题考核的知识点是:固定搭配辨析。快速解题由选项可知,空格处填入个以way为中心名词的介词短语。根据文意, 只有in the way代入文中文意通顺,即“以她最喜欢的方式再度过小时”,因此选C。篇章分析空格部分in a way.是to spend的方式状语,其中she liked best是省略关 系代词that的定语从句，后置修饰way。冒号后的现在分词短语looking in为the way的

15、同 位语,解释说明她再度过小时的方式。空格设置way是含义丰富的简单词,也可构成许多固定搭配。它在文中取“方式, 手段”的意思,如:Infectious diseases can be acquired in several ways.传染病的感染途径有儿 种。因它在文中后边接有定语从句,故前用定冠词the限定修饰。in the way还可构成固定 搭配,意为“妨碍,挡路”,如:I left them alone, as I felt I was in the way.我让他们单独在 起,因为我觉得我碍他们的事。干扰项设置干扰项中都是way的常用固定搭配。例句:In a way it was

16、one of our biggest mistakes.从某种意义上来说,这是我们所犯最大错误之。Whas the time, by the way? 顺便问一句,几点钟了? The letter should be on its way to you.那封信该快到你那了。She stopped for breakfast on the way.她中途停下吃早点。5. A （look） behind朝后面看 B （look） round环视,四处看;转过头看C （look） back回首,回顾 D （look） on旁观;把看作;（以某种方式）看待本题考核的知识点是：短语动词。快速解题空格所在

17、部分是介词结构with a notice inviting.,做后置定语修饰a new shop,现在分词短语inviting.与notice之间是主动关系，说明通知的内容。空格处填入的 副词与!ook构成短语动词,与walk in并列，在invite sb to do sth结构中都充当invite的宾 语补足语。这部分的含义是:（商店贴出告示）邀请所有人进来并且看看。既然是逛商 店,应该是“四处看，B round符合文意。篇章分析句承接上文,引出Annie一次具体的橱窗购物经历,下文都是对这次经 历的具体讲述。句通过One Wednesday, a new shop （特指时间和地点）与第

18、一段中On Wednesday afternoons, furniture shop （泛指时间和地点）的呼应，实现语段衔接。空格设置本题考查由look构成的短语动词,是常规考点。例句：People came out of their houses and looked around.人们走出家门四处査看。Lets look round the town this afternoon.咱们今天下午游览市区吧。She looked round when she heard the noise.她听到响声, 就回过头去看.干扰项设置其他项的副词都可与look搭配,其中look back与look

19、on是固定短语。 例句:to look back on your childhood 回顾自己的童年。Passers-by simply looked on as he was attacked.他遭人袭击,路人只在旁袖手旁观。She飞 !ooked on as the leading authority on the subject.她被视为这门学科的主要权威。They looked on his behavior with contempt.他们对他的 行为不屑顾。6. A doubted怀疑的,不能肯定的B wonderedC puzzled迷惑不解的D delighted高兴的,愉悦的

20、本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义。快速解题空格处填入一个过去分词形式的形容词,做she的主语补足语,描述主语 的状态,即当她（Annie）看到把绿色的扶手椅时,她停下了,。注意该句实际表示 的含义是she stopped and she was 6 。从下文我们可看出,这把椅子对Annie有吸引力, 因此,此处表示的应该是她的种积极的情绪,只有delighted符合文意。delighted也与短 苜句中delightful相呼应。wonder可以表示“感到诧异,惊讶”,但它常用sb wonders丄动 形式,其过去分词较不常见。空格设置本题通过考查形容词实际考查了对上下文的理解。另外,这里也涉及

21、形容 词做主语补足语的语法知识。干扰项设置wonder可意为“想知道,琢磨”，常用 about sth或接wh从句;或指 感到惊讶，常用at sth或接that从句,如:She wondered at her stupidity.她没想到自己竟 会这样愚蠢。它对delight构成同向干扰,但用法错误。doubted与puzzled构成对delighted 的反向干扰。7. A at B forC with D in本题考核的知识点是:介词用法。快速解题空格处填入的介词后接钱数（less than a pound）做其宾语，表示椅子的价 格。能够单独使用表示价格的只有for,因此选出。注意at也

22、可以表示价格,但通常与sell, price （定价）等动词连用。空格设置本题考査了 for的特殊用法。for可意为in exchange for sth ”换取,交换”, 如:Copies are available for two dollars each.两元一份。for表示交换还常与以下动词搭配: bid/charge/offer+钱数+forsth （出价，竞标/收费,要价/出价，报价）。干扰项设置其他项都是常用介词。at可以表示价格、比率、速度等，意为“以在,如 old books selling at ten cents each 以每本角（的价格）出售的旧书;The ticke

23、tsare priced at $100 each.每张票定价为100元。with可以表示工具，意为使用，以，借， 如:Cut it with a knife.用刀把它切开。in可以表示使用的语言、材料等,如：I paid in cash. 我用现金支付的。8. A Why B When C How D What本题考核的知识点是：感叹词。快速解题空格所在句子（句）描述了 Annie看到广告后的心理活动。空格前是省 略句,是对上文（This fine chair is yours for less than） a pound a week关于椅子价格的重复;空 格后是结构完整的句子,说明人物的

24、所想。空格用逗号隔开，填入一个插入成分,独立于前 后两部分的结构之外，对句意起补充说明的作用。选项是四个疑问词，可直接引导句子;但 why还可以做感叹词，用于表示“惊讶、不耐烦等，常单独使用,用逗号与其他部分隔开, 符合文中用法:它代入文中，表明Annie对椅子的低价格的惊叹,符合文意，因此选A。 其他项都不符合文中语法要求,应排除。空格设置本题考査了 why的熟词僻义。why基本用法是做疑问副词，询问原因。 它也可充当关系副词,引导名词性从句或引导以the mason为先行词的定语从句。但它还有 做感叹词的特殊用法,例句：Why, its easy一a child could do it!哎

25、呀,这容易得很,连小孩 子都干得了!干扰项设置干扰项中都是常用的疑问词,并也都可做关联词引导从句。when是疑 问副词,询问时间;或用作关系副词,弓I导名词性从句或定语从句，如：Sunday is the only day when lean relax.星期F（是我唯一可以休息的日子。它也用做连词引导时间等状语从句,如： 1 loved history when 1 was at school.我上学时喜欢历史。how也是疑问副词，用以询问方式等; 或做关系副词，引导名词性从句，如：Do you remember how the kids always loved going there?

26、你记得孩子们总喜欢去那里吗?它有时也引导状语从句，相当于however,如:Fil dress how I like in my own house.我在臼己家里爱怎么穿就怎么穿。what是疑问代词，用于指物，意为 什么;或用作关系代词，引导名词性从句，如:What you need is a good meal.你需要的 是顿美餐。what可单独使用，表示提问（没听见或没听懂时，或听到对方的话后问对方要什么）,或表示惊讶或愤怒,如:Mummy! What? I mthirsty. “姆!t ”什么事? ”“我渴It will cost $500. What? 这东西要花 500 元。”“真的

27、?”9. A jump跳,跃B leap跳跃,跳越C laugh笑D wonder想知道，琢磨本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+动词辨析。快速解题空格处填入个动词,在make sb do结构中做her的宾语补足语，说明肩 膀上传来的声音使她（Annie）产生的行为。根据文意及常识,当Annie在专心致志地看广 告语时，突然传来的声音应当使她“吓跳”,而不可能是笑或想”,首先排除C, D两项。Ajump及Bleap都可指“跳”的动作，但文中显然是比喻的说法，而并不一定 是真的“跳起来”，jump可指“（因吃惊、害怕或激动而）猛地动，突然跳”，更符合 文意,因此选A。空格设置本题考查了常用动词jum

28、p的熟词僻义。例句：Her heart jumped when she heard the news.听到那消息她的心猛地跳。干扰项设置其他项都是常用动词且符合文中的语法要求。其中leap构成对jump的 近义干扰。jump仅表示“跳”的一般动作，即离开地面或物体表面的“跳，跃”，也指“跳 过，跃过”,如：to jump into the air/the last hurdle跳到空中/跨越最后个栏杆。leap强调to jump high or a long way “跳得高或远”,如：The horse leapt a five-foot wall.那匹马跃过了一 道五英尺高的墙。二者都可指

29、快速移动，突然移动”，le叩可引申指突然做某事”,如： leap into action二者还都引申为“猛涨，激增”。10. A place地点,位置,区域;表面的某处,身体某处;座位;地位，资格，名额B back背部,后部，背面，（书等的）末尾C side 边，侧，侧面，边缘，肋:近旁，身边:一方，一派;方面D front正面，前面，前部，胸部;前线，阵线；表面，外表，掩护本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+名词辨析。快速解题该句是说明Annie在听到有人说话后的反应:她转过头看着悄悄来到 她的店员。空格处填入一个名词，说明店员所处的相对Annie的位置。根据文意,既然 是转头看（look ro

30、und at）, D “来到她前面”可首先排除；店员应该是来到顾客的“身侧” 与他们交谈，A “来到她的位置”，B “来到她的背后”也不符合语境，可排除。因此C 正确。side也与上文at her shoulder相呼应。空格设置本题考查了 side表示“身旁”的特殊用法。例句:keep close to my side 紧挨着我。干扰项设置其他项都是可以表示方位或身体部位的常用名词。全文翻译每周三的下午安妮会乘公交车到城里的市场上去买东西。大约个小时，她会在货摊间 走来走去,查看商品，时不时买点什么，同时敏锐地留心有时有售的便宜货。然后，买全了 她所需要的所有物品后,她会离开市场,到城里的街

31、道上去,再花上一小时做她最喜欢做的 事：透过家具店的橱窗往里看。个星期三下午，她发现一家新开的家具店,店里都是非常讨人喜欢的东西，店外贴着 张告示,邀请所有的人进去四处看看,但不必非要买什么东西。安妮在迈过门道前犹豫了 一会，而几乎就在同时，她充满欣喜地在门口处一把绿色的扶手椅前停住了。椅子上有一张 卡片,上面写着：每周只需花不到磅，这把精美的椅子就是你的了。底部是非常小的字体： 现金价格89.5磅。一周一磅 嘿,她几乎可以节省每周的家用开支来为它买单，从而 不会错过它!“您有什么需要的吗,女士? ”从肩膀上传来的个声音使她吓了一跳。她转 过头看着悄悄来到她身边的店员。“噢,嗯,没什么,”她说

32、,“我只是看看。”“我们的展示间里有各种各样的椅子。如果 你进来看看,你会找到适合你的东西。”安妮担心自己会被说服买并不需要的东西,匆匆离开了商店。Section II Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your

33、choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in

34、great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments.We can call these people “generalists. And these fckgeneralists are particularly

35、needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools.He is a “trained man; a

36、nd his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist and especially the administrator deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a

37、specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. lt is your task to find out, during your training period, int

38、o which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you - but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you mu

39、st not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.11. There is an increasing demand for.A all round people in their own fieldsB people whose job is to organize other peoples workC generalists

40、whose educational background is either technical or professionalD specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others12. The specialist is.A a man whose job is to train other peopleB a man who has been trained in more than one fieldsC a man who can see the forest rather t

41、han the treesD a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters13. The administrator is .A a trained“ man who is more a specialist than a generalistB a man who sees the trees as well as the forestC a man who is very strong in the humanitiesD a man who is an “educated“ specialist1

42、4. During your training period, it is important .A to try to be a generalistB to choose a profitable jobC to find an organization which fits youD to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist15. A man s first job .A is never the right job for himB should not be regarded as his fin

43、al jobC should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobD is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job、词汇1. generalist 通2. humanities 人文学科二、长难句1. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance. people w

44、ho perhaps do not know too much about any one field.句子主干为 there is an increasing demand for people . people两个 people 后分别接有 who引导的定语从句做后置定语。翻译:但对那些一眼就能注意到很大区域、可能对任一领域都知之不多的人的需求也在 增加。2. And these “generalists are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that ot

45、her people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.句子主干为 these “genera!子s are particularly needed介词短语 for positions in administration做状语,意为“对于管理职位而言”。两个where引导的并列定语从句做后置 定 语修饰 先行词 positions in administration , where 相当 于 in whic

46、h(=positions in administration) 第一个 where 从句的主干为 it is their job to see that . 其中 that 引导宾语从 句。第二个 where 从句的谓语为并列的结构 have to plan.(have) to organize 和(have) to begin。翻译:管理职位尤其需要这样的“通”,在管理职位上“通”的职责是:确保他人 完成工作,必须为他人制定计划,组织他人的工作,发起工作且对工作做出评判。3. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you Gt, and to plan your career accordingly.句子主干是It is your task to find outand to plan your career,其中it为形式主语,真正 的主语为后面的不定式结构to find out .and to plan your career, find out Jninto which 弓| 导 的宾语从句,该从句也