1986-1990年考研英语真题及解析.doc

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1、1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled A, B, C andD. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)On Wednesday afternoons An

2、nie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. And then, with all the things she needed 3 she would leave the market f

3、or the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment befo

4、re stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” A pound a week. 8 , she could almost pay

5、 that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?” She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .“Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.” “Weve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If youll just come up, you

6、will find something to suit you.”Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didnt need, left the shop hurriedly. 276 words1. A soB moreC elseD another2. A takingB makingC fixingD keeping3. A buyB boughtC buyingD to have bought4. A in a wayB by the wayC in the wayD on the w

7、ay5. A behindB roundC backD on6. A doubtedB wonderedC puzzledD delighted7. A atB forC withD in8. A WhyB WhenC HowD What9. A jumpB leapC laughD wonder10.A placeB backC sideD front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。第一段总述文中主人公Annie每周三下午都进城购物。二至四段具体讲述了她某一次的购物经历。 二、试题具体分析1. A so这么，那么B more更多C else其他的，别的D another另外

8、一个本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配+副词用法。快速解题空格所在部分For an hour or 1 是句子的时间状语，考生要判断选项中哪个副词代入能符合这一结构并使文意通顺。or so是固定搭配，用在数字之后，表示“左右，上下”，for an hour or so指“一个小时左右”，说明了时间，符合文意。因此选Aso。 篇章分析文章第句总说，交待人物（Annie）、时间（每周三下午）、地点（城镇）、活动内容（购物）。具体讲述活动内容：首先购买所需物品（句），然后到家具店“橱窗购物”（句）。句间通过On Wednesday afternoonsFor an hour or soAnd thenan

9、other hour时间链条，in the marketup and down between the stalls（leave the market）for the streetsfurniture shop地点链条实现衔接。空格设置此处考查so用作副词的一个惯用语or so，表示约指，例句：There were 20 people or so there.那儿差不多有20个人。干扰项设置其他项都是常用的副词。else用于疑问句或nothing，something，everybody等之后，如：What else did he say?他还说了些什么？or else意为“要不然，否则”，是连

10、词词组，引导句子，如：Hurry up or else youll be late.快点，否则你就要迟到了。2. A takingB makingC fixingD keeping本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配。快速解题空格处填入的现在分词其宾语为a sharp lookout for，与上文两个分词短语looking at, buying并列，都是句子谓语动词的伴随状语，共同描述人物的购物行为。lookout来自动词短语look out（留心寻觅；当心，提防），指“观察所，瞭望台（人员）”，keep a lookout （for sb/sth）为固定短语，意为“注意，留心”，它代入文中，指“敏

11、锐地留意有时会出售的便宜货”，符合文意，因此选D keeping。篇章分析句较长，主干为she would walk，副词短语up and down（来回地）与介词短语between the stalls（穿梭于售货摊之间）都是walk的状语，分别表示方式与地点；looking，buyingand keeping三个并列的分词短语是walkstalls的伴随动作。其中在keeping分词短语中又含有一个that引导的定语从句修饰bargains。空格设置本题考查动词短语，其中中心动词keep与宾语lookout都可设空。例句：The public should keep a lookout f

12、or symptoms of the disease.公众应当留心这种疾病的症状。干扰项设置其他项都是常用的简单动词，但不符合搭配。3. A buyB boughtC buyingD to have bought本题考核的知识点是：独立结构。快速解题空格所在部分是“with+逻辑主语（all the things she needed）+_3_”独立结构，在句中做状语，其中she needed是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，后置修饰things，即“她需要的所有东西”。Abuy是原形动词，不用于独立结构中。Dto have bought是不定式的完成式，用在这里不符合文意。Bbought和

13、Cbuying分别为过去分词和现在分词，由于things与buy是被动的逻辑关系，因此选B，即“她需要的所有东西都（被）买好之后”。篇章分析句主干是she would leave the market for the streets of the town，句首with独立结构表示时间，to spend不定式短语做目的状语。leavefor表示“离开（某地）去”。 空格设置本题考查由介词with引导的独立结构。其中逻辑主语all the things和过去分词bought之间为一个省略了关系代词的定语从句she needed，构成解答本题的最大障碍。干扰项设置其他项都设置为动词buy的不同形式

14、，需要考生理清句子结构作出判断。4. A in a way在某种程度上，不完全地 B by the way顺便提一下，问一句C in the way（）以的方式D on the way即将去（或来）；在路途中本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配辨析。快速解题由选项可知，空格处填入一个以way为中心名词的介词短语。根据文意，只有in the way代入文中文意通顺，即“以她最喜欢的方式再度过一小时”，因此选C。篇章分析空格部分in a way是to spend的方式状语，其中she liked best是省略关系代词that的定语从句，后置修饰way。冒号后的现在分词短语looking in为the w

15、ay的同位语，解释说明她再度过一小时的方式。空格设置way是含义丰富的简单词，也可构成许多固定搭配。它在文中取“方式，手段”的意思，如：Infectious diseases can be acquired in several ways.传染病的感染途径有几种。因它在文中后边接有定语从句，故前用定冠词the限定修饰。in the way还可构成固定搭配，意为“妨碍，挡路”，如：I left them alone, as I felt I was in the way.我让他们单独在一起，因为我觉得我碍他们的事。干扰项设置干扰项中都是way的常用固定搭配。例句：In a way it was

16、one of our biggest mistakes.从某种意义上来说，这是我们所犯最大错误之一。Whats the time, by the way?顺便问一句，几点钟了？The letter should be on its way to you.那封信该快到你那了。She stopped for breakfast on the way.她中途停下吃早点。5. A (look) behind朝后面看 B(look) round环视，四处看；转过头看C(look) back 回首，回顾 D(look) on旁观；把看作；（以某种方式）看待本题考核的知识点是：短语动词。快速解题空格所在部分

17、是介词结构with a notice inviting，做后置定语修饰a new shop，现在分词短语inviting与notice之间是主动关系，说明通知的内容。空格处填入的副词与look构成短语动词，与walk in并列，在invite sb to do sth结构中都充当invite的宾语补足语。这部分的含义是：（商店贴出告示）邀请所有人进来并且看看。既然是逛商店，应该是“四处看”，Bround符合文意。 篇章分析句承接上文，引出Annie一次具体的橱窗购物经历，下文都是对这次经历的具体讲述。句通过One Wednesday，a new shop（特指时间和地点）与第一段中On Wed

18、nesday afternoons，furniture shop（泛指时间和地点）的呼应，实现语段衔接。空格设置本题考查由look构成的短语动词，是常规考点。例句：People came out of their houses and looked around.人们走出家门四处查看。Lets look round the town this afternoon.咱们今天下午游览市区吧。She looked round when she heard the noise.她听到响声，就回过头去看。干扰项设置其他项的副词都可与look搭配，其中look back与look on是固定短语。例句：t

19、o look back on your childhood回顾自己的童年。Passers-by simply looked on as he was attacked.他遭人袭击，路人只在一旁袖手旁观。Shes looked on as the leading authority on the subject.她被视为这门学科的主要权威。They looked on his behavior with contempt.他们对他的行为不屑一顾。6. A doubted怀疑的，不能肯定的B wonderedC puzzled迷惑不解的D delighted高兴的，愉悦的本题考核的知识点是：上下文

20、语义。快速解题空格处填入一个过去分词形式的形容词，做she的主语补足语，描述主语的状态，即当她（Annie）看到一把绿色的扶手椅时，她停下了，。注意该句实际表示的含义是she stopped and she was 6 。从下文我们可看出，这把椅子对Annie有吸引力，因此，此处表示的应该是她的一种积极的情绪，只有delighted符合文意。delighted也与短首句中delightful相呼应。wonder可以表示“感到诧异，惊讶”，但它常用sb wonders主动形式，其过去分词较不常见。空格设置本题通过考查形容词实际考查了对上下文的理解。另外，这里也涉及形容词做主语补足语的语法知识。干

21、扰项设置wonder可意为“想知道，琢磨”，常用 about sth或接wh-从句；或指“感到惊讶”，常用at sth或接that从句，如：She wondered at her stupidity.她没想到自己竟会这样愚蠢。它对delight构成同向干扰，但用法错误。doubted与puzzled构成对delighted的反向干扰。7. AatBfor CwithDin本题考核的知识点是：介词用法。快速解题空格处填入的介词后接钱数（less than a pound）做其宾语，表示椅子的价格。能够单独使用表示价格的只有for，因此选B。注意at也可以表示价格，但通常与sell，price（定

22、价）等动词连用。 空格设置本题考查了for的特殊用法。for可意为in exchange for sth“换取，交换”，如：Copies are available for two dollars each.两元一份。for表示交换还常与以下动词搭配：bid/charge/offer+钱数+for sth（出价，竞标/收费，要价/出价，报价）。干扰项设置其他项都是常用介词。at可以表示价格、比率、速度等，意为“以，在”，如：old books selling at ten cents each以每本一角（的价格）出售的旧书；The tickets are priced at $100 each

23、.每张票定价为100元。with可以表示工具，意为“使用，以，借”，如：Cut it with a knife.用刀把它切开。in可以表示使用的语言、材料等，如：I paid in cash.我用现金支付的。8. AWhyBWhenCHowDWhat本题考核的知识点是：感叹词。快速解题空格所在句子（句）描述了Annie看到广告后的心理活动。空格前是省略句，是对上文(This fine chair is yours for less than) a pound a week关于椅子价格的重复；空格后是结构完整的句子，说明人物的所想。空格用逗号隔开，填入一个插入成分，独立于前后两部分的结构之外，对

24、句意起补充说明的作用。选项是四个疑问词，可直接引导句子；但why还可以做感叹词，用于表示“惊讶、不耐烦”等，常单独使用，用逗号与其他部分隔开，符合文中用法；它代入文中，表明Annie对椅子的低价格的惊叹，符合文意，因此选A。其他项都不符合文中语法要求，应排除。空格设置本题考查了why的熟词僻义。why基本用法是做疑问副词，询问原因。它也可充当关系副词，引导名词性从句或引导以the reason为先行词的定语从句。但它还有做感叹词的特殊用法，例句：Why, its easya child could do it!哎呀，这容易得很，连小孩子都干得了！干扰项设置干扰项中都是常用的疑问词，并也都可做关

25、联词引导从句。when是疑问副词，询问时间；或用作关系副词，引导名词性从句或定语从句，如：Sunday is the only day when I can relax.星期日是我唯一可以休息的日子。它也用做连词引导时间等状语从句，如：I loved history when I was at school.我上学时喜欢历史。how也是疑问副词，用以询问方式等；或做关系副词，引导名词性从句，如：Do you remember how the kids always loved going there?你记得孩子们总喜欢去那里吗？它有时也引导状语从句，相当于however，如：Ill dress

26、 how I like in my own house.我在自己家里爱怎么穿就怎么穿。what是疑问代词，用于指物，意为“什么”；或用作关系代词，引导名词性从句，如：What you need is a good meal.你需要的是一顿美餐。what可单独使用，表示提问（没听见或没听懂时，或听到对方的话后问对方要什么），或表示惊讶或愤怒，如：Mummy！ What？ Im thirsty.“妈咪！”“什么事？”“我渴。”It will cost $500.What?“这东西要花500元。”“真的?”9. A jump跳，跃B leap跳跃，跳越C laugh笑D wonder想知道，琢磨本题

27、考核的知识点是：上下文语义+动词辨析。快速解题空格处填入一个动词，在make sb do结构中做her的宾语补足语，说明肩膀上传来的声音使她（Annie）产生的行为。根据文意及常识，当Annie在专心致志地看广告语时，突然传来的声音应当使她“吓一跳”，而不可能是“笑”或“想”，首先排除C，D两项。Ajump及Bleap都可指“跳”的动作，但文中显然是比喻的说法，而并不一定是真的“跳起来”，jump可指 “（因吃惊、害怕或激动而）猛地一动，突然一跳”，更符合文意，因此选A。 空格设置本题考查了常用动词jump的熟词僻义。例句：Her heart jumped when she heard the

28、 news.听到那消息她的心猛地一跳。干扰项设置其他项都是常用动词且符合文中的语法要求。其中leap构成对jump的近义干扰。jump仅表示“跳”的一般动作，即离开地面或物体表面的“跳，跃”，也指“跳过，跃过”，如：to jump into the air/the last hurdle跳到空中/跨越最后一个栏杆。leap强调to jump high or a long way“跳得高或远”，如：The horse leapt a five-foot wall.那匹马跃过了一道五英尺高的墙。二者都可指“快速移动，突然移动”，leap可引申指“突然做某事”，如：leap into action。

29、二者还都引申为“猛涨，激增”。10. A place地点，位置，区域；表面的某处，身体某处；座位；地位，资格，名额B back背部，后部，背面，（书等的）末尾C side一边，一侧，侧面，边缘，肋；近旁，身边；一方，一派；方面D front正面，前面，前部，胸部；前线，阵线；表面，外表，掩护本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+名词辨析。快速解题该句是说明Annie在听到有人说话后的反应：她转过头看着悄悄来到她的店员。空格处填入一个名词，说明店员所处的相对Annie的位置。根据文意，既然是转头看（look round at），D“来到她前面”可首先排除；店员应该是来到顾客的“身侧”与他们交谈，A“来

30、到她的位置”，B“来到她的背后”也不符合语境，可排除。因此C正确。side也与上文at her shoulder相呼应。空格设置本题考查了side表示“身旁”的特殊用法。例句：keep close to my side紧挨着我。干扰项设置其他项都是可以表示方位或身体部位的常用名词。全文翻译每周三的下午安妮会乘公交车到城里的市场上去买东西。大约一个小时，她会在货摊间走来走去，查看商品，时不时买点什么，同时敏锐地留心有时有售的便宜货。然后，买全了她所需要的所有物品后，她会离开市场，到城里的街道上去，再花上一小时做她最喜欢做的事：透过家具店的橱窗往里看。一个星期三下午，她发现一家新开的家具店，店里都

31、是非常讨人喜欢的东西，店外贴着一张告示，邀请所有的人进去四处看看，但不必非要买什么东西。安妮在迈过门道前犹豫了一会，而几乎就在同时，她充满欣喜地在门口处一把绿色的扶手椅前停住了。椅子上有一张卡片，上面写着：每周只需花不到一磅，这把精美的椅子就是你的了。底部是非常小的字体：现金价格89.5磅。一周一磅，嘿，她几乎可以节省每周的家用开支来为它买单，从而不会错过它！“您有什么需要的吗，女士？”从肩膀上传来的一个声音使她吓了一跳。她转过头看着悄悄来到她身边的店员。“噢，嗯，没什么，”她说，“我只是看看。”“我们的展示间里有各种各样的椅子。如果你进来看看，你会找到适合你的东西。”安妮担心自己会被说服买并

32、不需要的东西，匆匆离开了商店。Section IIReading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1There a

33、re a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too m

34、uch about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their j

35、ob to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or pr

36、ofessional. The generalist and especially the administrator deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very r

37、arely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan yo

38、ur career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you - but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is p

39、rimarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.一、词汇1. generalist 通才2. humanities 人文学科二、长难句1. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field

40、.句子主干为there is an increasing demand for people people，两个people后分别接有who引导的定语从句做后置定语。翻译：但对那些一眼就能注意到很大区域、可能对任一领域都知之不多的人的需求也在增加。2. And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for othe

41、r people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.句子主干为these “generalists” are particularly needed，介词短语for positions in administration做状语，意为“对于管理职位而言”。两个where引导的并列定语从句做后置定语修饰先行词positions in administration，where相当于in which(=positions in administration)。第一个where从句的主干为it is their job t

42、o see that ，其中that引导宾语从句。第二个where从句的谓语为并列的结构have to plan(have) to organize和(have) to begin。翻译：管理职位尤其需要这样的“通才”，在管理职位上“通才”的职责是：确保他人完成工作，必须为他人制定计划，组织他人的工作，发起工作且对工作做出评判。3. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accor

43、dingly.句子主干是It is your task to find out and to plan your career，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式结构to find out and to plan your career，find out后接into which引导的宾语从句，该从句也可改为which of the two kinds of jobs you fit into，之间插入的介词短语during 做时间状语。翻译：你的任务是在训练期间从两种工作中发现适合自己的那一种，并对自己的职业作出相应的规划。三、文章结构分析本文涉及社会人才。文章介绍了社会需要的两类人

44、才，并对人们在工作培训期间的任务以及对待第一份工作应采取的态度提出建议。第一段：指出在大量职业日益强调专业性的同时，社会对通才的需求也在增加，并介绍了通才的特点和主要的工作内容。第二段：分别指出专家和通才这两类人才各自的所长、二者的关系、组织对其需求状况、并指出人们在工作培训期间的主要任务是发现自己属于哪一类人才。第三段：就人们对待第一份工作应采取的态度提出建议。四、试题具体分析11. There is an increasing demand for _.11.（社会）对_的需求在增加。A all round people in their own fieldsA自己所在领域内的多面手B p

45、eople whose job is to organize other peoples workB 组织他人工作的人员C generalists whose educational background is either technical or professionalC 具有技术或专业教育背景的通才D specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to othersD 主要为他人提供管理指导的专家分析本题考核的知识点是：事实细节题。第一段句指出，对“一眼即能看到很大范围，可能对任一领域都知之不

46、多；能够看到森林而不是树木，能够做出总体判断”的人的需求在日益增加。句将这一类人定义为通才。句指出，管理领域尤需通才来组织他人的工作。题干和B选项为该部分内容的概括，people 即指通才。A选项错在in their own fields。all around people 是generalist的近义替换，但文中并没有将通才的了解范围限定为自己的领域。C、D选项混淆了通才和专家的描述而形成干扰。whose educational background is either technical or professional是对专家的描述（第二段句）；whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others是对通才的描述（第一段末句）。12.The specialist is _.12. 专家是_。A a man whose job is to train other peopleA 对他人进行培训者B a man who has been trained in more than one fieldsB 在不只一个领域受过培训者C a man who can see the forest rather than the treesC 能见森林而