外研版七年级下册英语Module 4 语法知识点.docx

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1、外研版七年级下册英语Module 4语法知识点Unit 1知识点精析Lheadache 头痛headache名词，意为“头痛”。例：She had a headache and couldnft fall asleep.她头痛无法入睡。Red wine gives me a headache.我喝红酒会头痛。知识拓展表示身体某处疼痛时，常用身体部位后加后缀ache表示。常见的此类单词有： toothache 牙痛backache 背痛earache 耳痛2. How can he you?你哪里不舒服？How can help you?意思同 What can do for you?此处意为“

2、你哪里不舒服？”在其 他场合常意为“我能为你做什么？ ”“我能如何帮助你？ ”等。例:-How can help you?你哪里不舒服？- Pve got fever,我发烧了。Are you in trouble? How can I help you?你遇到麻烦了？我能如何帮助你？知识拓展医生询问病人的常用语还有：Whats the matter( with you)?Whats wrong (with you)?What s your trouble?(你)哪里不舒服/怎么了 ？例:-Whats the matter/wrong with you?你怎么 了 ？- I have a he

3、adache.我头痛。- Whafs your trouble?你怎么 了 ？- Pve got a stomach ache,我 h 痛。3.1 feel ill.我感觉病了。第1页共14页 kind（善良的）一kindness（善良）dark（黑暗的）一darkness （黑暗）lO.Then a friend suggested. Why dont we go for run before school?11于是一位朋友建议：“我们为什么不在上学前跑步呢？ ”Why dont sb.do sth.?意为“某人为什么不做某事呢？”用于提出建议，相当于“Why not do sth.?.例:

4、Why dont you go camping with me? =Why no camping with me?为什么不和我 一起去野营呢？知识拓展表示提建议的其他常见句型：Lett我们.外研社版初“建议”句型What/How about.?怎么样？Yoifd better do sth.你最好做某事Shall we.?我们.好吗?go for a run意为去跑步，go for a walk意为去散步”。例：I go for a run every morning.我每天早上都去跑步。Let!s go for a walk after dinne匚晚饭后我们去散步吧。知识拓展go for后

5、跟名词，根据宾语不同有不同的意思。例：Like many of you, I get an idea, and Pll try to go for it.像你们很多人一样，我有一个想法，我会努力实现它。Where can I go for help?我能去哪里寻求帮助？feel awful感到不舒服。awftil形容词，意为“极讨厌的；极坏的“。feel awfiil意为“感到不舒服”。例:The awful pictures make Amy sad.这些糟糕的图画让埃米感到难过。It was an awful night.I heard a strange sound outside.第1

6、0页共14页那是一个糟糕的夜晚。我听到外面有奇怪的声音。12 .My legs hurt and I am hot all over.我的腿痛而且全身发热。all over意为“浑身；到处表示“浑身时，all也有相同的意义。另外，all over 还意为“遍布，同all aroundo彳列： It was raining hard and I was wet all over.=It was raining hard and I was all wet.雨下得很大，我全身都湿了。CCTV-13 sends the news all over/around the world.中央电视台第十三频

7、道向全世界播送新闻。13 . Perhaps I am too weak to do any exercise.也许我太虚弱了而不能做任何运动。perhaps副词，意为“也许；可能”。例:Perhaps its an interesting book but Pm not interested in it.或许这是一本有趣的书，但我对它不感兴趣。Perhaps he knows the way to the zoo.也许他知道去动物园的路。辨析：perhaps,maybe 与 probablyperhaps perhaps可与maybe换用，但比maybe正式perhaps还可用于建议或请求m

8、aybe副词，“可能，也许“probably大概；很可能”，可能性在这一组词中最大，表示几乎完全肯定例：Perhaps youfd better go now.也许你最好现在就走。（表建议）Perhaps/Maybe you would like to join us fbr lunch.也许你愿意和我们一块儿去吃午饭。（表请求）He is the only man who has seen the accident: he can probably tell us the truth about it.他是这次事故唯一的目击者，他大概可以告诉我们事故的真相。too.to.结构是肯定的，但表达

9、否定意义，意为“太而不能too的后面接形容词或副词的原级，to的后面接动词原形，构成动词不定式。例:Ifs too cold to swim in the sea.天气太冷了，不能在海里游泳。This article is too difficult for them to read,这篇文章太难了他们读不懂。小贴士第11页共14页动词不定式所发出的动作，其执行者与整个句子的主语不指同一个人或物时, 需要在动词不定式前加上一个逻辑主语(for sb.)0例:The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题对我来说太难了而不能

10、解出它。too前面含有表示否定意义的词not, never, nothing等时，too.to.结构不表示 否定意义。例：One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。Unit 3知识点精析LI fell ill two days ago.我两天前生病 了。fall作连系动词，意为“变得”。后常接形容词asleep, ill等作表语。例:She fell ill as soon as she got to London她一到伦敦就生病 了。He was just falling asleep when there was a knock at the door.他

11、刚要入睡，就有人敲门。Z.Whafs wrong with me?我怎么 了 ？Whafs wrong with?意为”怎么了 ？用于询问情况，相当于Whafs the matterwith例:-Whats wrong with you?(=What!s the matter with you?)你怎么了？ -Pve got headache.我头痛。3.Stand up and do some exercise from time to time.不时地站立，做一些锻炼。from time to time 意为“有时；不时地;时常与sometimes“有时”,at times“不时地同义。例

12、：He seemed very nervous and looked at his watch from time to time.他似乎很紧张，不时地看他的手表。During the talk she asked us some questions from time to time.在谈话期间，她不时地问我们一些问题。4. The problem is,I do not know how to stop and become fitter and healthier.问题是我不知道如何停下来，变得更强壮、更健康。第12页共14页 how to在句中作know的宾语，这是一个“疑问词+动词不

13、定式”结构。例:I dont know how to get to your house.我不知道怎么到达你家。知识拓展 “疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词who, what,which和疑问 副词how, when, where等，这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。彳列：How to solve the problem is very important.怎样解决这个问题很重要。（作主语）The question is where to put it.问题是把它放在哪儿。（作表语）口“疑问词+动词不定式”结构经常放在 tell show9teach, learn, I

14、w, wonder, discuss, find out等动词（短语）之后作宾语。例：The young woman didnt know what to do next.那个年轻女子不知道下一步该做什么。（句中what不能改成how）Why not turn off the computer and TV and join sports club?为什么不关掉电脑和电视，加入体育俱乐部呢？turn off意为“关闭；关上，反义短语为turn on,意为“打开”。例:We must turn off the mobile phones before the plane takes off,在飞

15、机起飞前我们 必须关闭手机。5. The World Health Organization （WHO） was set up in 1948 to help ordinary people all over the world,especially in developing countries.世界卫生组织（WHO）创建于1948年，目的是帮助全世界的普通人，尤其是在发 展中国家（的人们）。setup意为“建立;创立例:This university was set up in 1911.这所大学建于 1911 年。set up是“动词+副词”型短语，人称代词作其宾语时，要放在set与up

16、中间。developing形容词，意为“发展中的例：India is a developing country,印度是一个发展中国家。知识拓展developed形容词，意为“发达的”;develop动词，意为“（使）发展;（使）成长;（使）第13页共14页发达”，其名词形式为developmento第14页共14页ill形容词，意为“不健康的；有病的；不舒服的ill只能作表语，不能作定语。名词形式illness意为“病；疾病”。例:The boy looks terrible. Pm afraid he is ill.这个男孩儿看起来很难受。恐怕他是 病了。辨析：ill与sick只作表语，不能

17、作定语sick既可以作表语又可以作定语例：Her son is ill/sick.她儿子病了。The mother is looking after her sick son in the hospital.这位母亲正在医院照顾她生病的儿子。4. Since Friday,Fve been ill for about three days!从周五开始。我已经病了大约三天了！since可用作介词或连词，意为“自.以来since用作介词时后跟时间点，用 作连词时引导时间状语从句。since引导时间状语或时间状语从句时，主句常用 完成时态。例:He has lived in China since

18、2000.自2000年以来他就住在中国。He has taught English in Shanghai since he came to China.自从他来到中国，他就在上海教英语。for后跟一段时间，意为“计；达”等，也可以不译。当句中的动作或状态持续到 现在时，用现在完成时。例：Our English teacher has taught in this school ten years.我们的英语老师已经在这所学校任教十年了。5. Have you caught cold?你感冒 了吗？catch a cold 意为感冒。例:Whafs the matter with you?你怎

19、么 了 ？-I catch a cold,我感冒了。小贴土catch a cold和have a cold都可用来表示“感冒，catch a cold侧重患感冒的动第2页共14页作，属于非延续性动词短语，不能与how long和for及since引导的时间状语连 用。6. Let me take your temperature让我给你量一下体温take sb. temperature意为“量某人的体温“。take temperature意为量体温”。例:Have you taken your childs temperature?你给你的孩子量体温 了吗？Doctors usually ta

20、ke temperature first if you have a cold.如果你感冒了，医生通常会先量体温。知识拓展含有take的其他常见短语：take a walk 散步take a message 捎 口信儿take care of 照顾take away 拿走take off脱下；起飞take photos 照相take a train 乘火车What about the headache?那么头What about?意为”怎么样？”相当于How about.?后跟名词、代词或动名词形式，用于询问相关情况或征求对方的建议、意见等。例:What about swimming afte

21、r school?放学后游泳怎么样？Pm twelve years old. How about you?我 12 岁了。你呢？7. Do you do any exercise?你锻炼吗？exercise不可数名词，意为“锻炼；运动”。do/take exercise意为“进行锻炼；做运动”。例：People who work in the office usually dont get much exercise.在办公室工作的人们通常没有太多运动。Most people need to do more exercise.大多数人需要做更多的锻炼。第3页共14页知识拓展exercise的其

22、他含义：exercise可数名词 体操练习；习题动词运动；锻炼例:Doing morning exercises is good fbr yourheal th.做早操对你的健康有益。He doesnt know the answers to the two exercises.他不知道这两道练习题的答案。It is important to exercise regularly.有规律地锻炼（身体）是重要的。8. You spend too much time in front of the computer.你在电脑前花费太多时间了。too much意为“太多”,后接不可数名词。例:He

23、has too much homework to do.他有太多的家庭作业要做。知识拓展too many意为“太多”，后接可数名词复数。例:There are too many people in the park,公园里有太多人。辨析 too much 与 much tooto。much后接不可数名词，意为“太多”，也可放在句尾不接其他词much too后跟形容词或副词，意为“太”例:There is too much noise in the classroom.教室里太吵了。He eats too much.他吃得太多 了。The book is much too dear,这本书太贵了

24、。in front of意为“在的前面”，指在某物体外部的前面。例:Please don!t stand in front of me.请不要站在我前面。Two people are talking in front of the car,两个人正在小汽车前面交谈。知识拓展 in the front of意为“在的前部”，指在某物体内部的前部。例:Mary is in front of the car.and her father is in the front of the car.玛丽在小汽车前 面，她爸爸在小汽车的前部。【助记】第4页共14页FatherMaryin the front

25、of the carin front of the car10.lt can be very harmful to your health.这可能对你的健康是非常有害的。be harmful to意为“对.有害”，同义短语为be bad for.例:Eating too much fast food is harmful to your health.吃太多快餐食品对你的健康 有害。知识拓展do harm也意为“对有害”。彳列：Polluted air and water can do harm to peoples health.受到污染的空气和水对人的健康是有害的。harm不可数名词/动词

26、，意为“危害；损害harmless形容词，意为“无害的”。health名词，意为“健康；健康状况”。例:Fresh air and exercise are good fbr your health.新鲜空气和运动对你的健康有益。知识拓展healthy形容词,意为“健康的，healthily副词，意为“健康地”。例:Regular exercise is part of a healthy lifestyle.定期锻炼是健康生活方式的一部分。We should eat and drink healthily,我们应该健康地饮食。ll.Take it three times a day.每天服用

27、三次。three times a day意为“一天三次”，是“次数+a+单数时间名词“结构的短语，是表 示频率的一种方法。此处time作可数名词，意为“次；回”。例:Mary goes swimming four times a month.玛丽每个月 去游泳四次。小贴士表示次数时，“一次，用once, “两次twice,三次及以上用“基数词+times”。对频率进行提问，用how often012.Do not eat fast food!不要吃快餐食品！这是一个以do开头的否定祈使句。祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求或劝告等。第5页共14页 它的主语通常是you（听话人），常被省略。在肯定句中

28、其动词一律用原形，否定 形式是在动词前加Donk例：Stop talking, please.请停止谈话。Dont be late fbr class again!不要再迟到 了 ！知识拓展祈使句的其他类型：以let开头的祈使句：Let+sb.+ do sth.!例：Let us go home now!现在让我们回家吧！以no开头的禁止型祈使句：No+n.!或No+ v.-ing!例:No photos!禁止拍照！No smoking!禁止吸烟！口省略型祈使句（Come in） This way9please! 请走这边！Unit 2知识点精析LI was not feeling very

29、well so the doctor checked my heart and said needed more exercise.我感觉不太舒服，所以医生检查了我心脏，并说我需要更多的锻 炼。well此处用作形容词，用来表示身体状况时，作表语，意为“好的，（身体）健 康的“，同fine。例： After taking the medicine, Pm well/fine enough to go to school.在月发 了 药后， 我 （身体）好了，可以去上学了。-How are you?你好吗？-Pm very well,and you?我很好，你呢？知识拓展well还可作副词，意为“

30、好”，常用来修饰谓语动词，置于句末。例:He plays the piano very well.他钢琴弹得很好。2.1 have never been very active, and I do not like sports.我从来都不是很活跃，而且我不喜欢运动。第6页共14页 active形容词，意为“积极的；活跃的”。副词actively意为“积极地；活跃地”。例:Although hes nearly 80, he is still very active.尽管他快80岁了，他还是十分活跃。知识拓展含有active的常用短语：take an active part in 积极参加pl

31、ay an active role in在中扮演积极主动的角色have an active mind 思维活跃3. Now I get exercise by taking him for a walk every day.现在我每天通过带他去散步得到了锻炼。by介词，意为“通过”，表示方式或手段，后跟名词、代词或动名词形式。例:You can send the letter by the post office.你可以通过邮局寄这封信。Why not learn English by watching English movies?为什么不通过看电影来学习英语呢？辨析：by,in 与 wit

32、hby通常指通过某种方式或某种手段in通常与衣着、声音、语言、书写材料等名词连用with侧重指用某种有形的工具或身体的某器官例：I will contact you by letter,我会通过写信跟你联系。Say it in English.用英语说它吧。Cut it with knife用刀把它切开。4.Our teacher decided to start a girls1 football team我们的老师决定组建一支女子足球队.decide动词，意为“决定；决心”，后跟动词不或“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾 语。例：They decided to make a plan firs

33、t.他们决定先制订一个计划。Have you decided when to start?你决定什么时候开始了吗？第7页共14页5.and she also takes part in the training with us.她也和我们一起参加训练。take part in意为“参加”，一般指参加会议或参与游行战争等群众性的活动并在其 中起作用。例:Many young people took part in planting trees on Tree Planting Day last year. 去 年植树节，很多年轻人参与植树。知识拓展你知道如何“参加”吗？take part in

34、一般指参加会议或参与游行、战争等群众性的活动并参加在其中起 作用join指参加某组织或加入某个人群中去，成为其中一员join in指参加竞赛、游戏等活动后面一般接名词或动词的-ing形6.She is in excellent condition too.她的身体状况也很棒。in excellent condition意为“身体状况很好”。condition名词，意为“状况；身体状况”。例:He is in excellent condition now.他现在身体状况很好。Were all worried about her present condition.我们都担心她目前的身体状况。S

35、uch weather condition is not good for our camping.这样的天气状况对我们野营不利。知识拓展out of condition意为“健康状况不佳”。例:She didnt go to school yesterday because she was out of condition.昨天她没有去上学，因为她健康状况不佳。7.When I got to work, I always felt very sleepy and was not happy.当我工作时，我总感觉很困倦而且不开心。sleepy形容词，意为“困的；想睡的”。例:The child

36、ren are very sleepy by ten oclock.孩子们到 10 点钟就很困倦。辨析：sleepy, sleep, asleep 与 fall asleep第8页共14页 sleepy形容词，意为“昏昏欲睡的，困的“sleep动词，意为“睡，睡觉”，表示延续性状态asleep形容词，意为“睡着的，睡熟的，常作表语fall asleep表示“入睡”的短暂性动作例:Although I slept eight hours last night,I still feel sleepy Im afraid Ill fall asleep ina while.尽管昨晚我睡了 8个小时，

37、但我仍然困。恐怕我一会儿就要睡着了。8.1t is my daily exercise.这是我的日常锻炼。daily形容词，意为“每天的；天天的”。相当于everyday。用作名词时，意为“日 报”；用作副词时，意为“每日地；天天”。例： His personal daily hobby is to read China Daily.他个人的日常爱好是读中国日报。Her job is to look after the old people daily.她的工作就是每天照顾这些老人。知识拓展以-ly结尾的常见形容词还有：以ly结尾的形容词weekly每周的friendly友好的monthly每

38、月的lovely可爱的yearly每年的lively充满活力的9.1 was weak after a long illness, so I wanted to exercise more.久病之后我很虚弱，因此我想要多锻炼。illness名词,意为“病；疾病”，是以ill为词根加后缀-ness构成的名词。彳列:His illness was more serious than the doctor first thought.他的病比医生最初以为的更严重。知识拓展形容词加后缀-ness可以变为名词：sad（悲伤的）一sadness（悲伤）shy（害羞的）一shyness（羞怯）第9页共14页