1997年考研英语二真题.docx

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1、1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and DJ. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the bracke

2、ts. (5 points)The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds,could go penniless by next year.A the larger oneB the larger of whichC the largest oneD the largest of whichNowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always with other elements,most commonly with oxygen.A

3、 combinedB having combinedC combineD being combinedAndrew, my father9s younger brother, will not be at the picnic, to the familys disappointment.A muchB moreC too muchD much moreI would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I fullyoccupied the whole of last week.A w

4、ereBJ had beenC have beenDJ waswith euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death - probably by a deadly injection or pill to pu

5、t an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, t

6、he NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “Fm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospit

7、al fighting fbr oxygen and clawing at their masks J he says.51. From the second paragraph we learn that.A the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the

8、 lawD it takes time to realize the significance of the laws passageWhen the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means *A observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and

9、 other countriesC observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD D the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stopWhen Lloyd Nickson dies, he will.A face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC hav

10、e an intense fear of terrible sufferingD undergo a cooling off period of seven daysThe authors attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of.A oppositionB suspicionC approvalfD indifferenceText 2A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpfulmost Am

11、ericans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observati

12、on made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers

13、 were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of ch

14、oice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitab

15、le organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty

16、soon he invited me home for dinner - amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically deve

17、loped cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visit

18、ors who fail to “translate“ cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “fYiend J the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bu

19、s to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.52. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world,.A rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB small-minded officia

20、ls deserve a serious commentC Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD most Americans are ready to offer helpIt could be inferred from the last paragraph that.A culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipBJ courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC vari

21、ous virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions53. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers.AJ to improve their hard lifeB in view of their long-distance travelC to add some flavor to their own dai

22、ly lifeD out of a charitable impulseThe tradition of hospitality to strangers.A tends to be superficial and artificialBl is generally well kept up in the United StatesC is always understood properlyfD has something to do with the busy tourist trailsText 3Technically, any substance other than food th

23、at alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral te

24、rm substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse“ to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use

25、 of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in exce

26、ss will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired eff

27、ect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whet

28、her they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. T

29、hese are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifesting) because they seemed to radically alter ones state of consciousness.54. Substance abuse” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse” in that.A substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning

30、 if illegally usedB drug abuse“ is only related to a limited number of drug takersfC alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaineD many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonousThe word “pervasive (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean.AJ widespread8 overwhelmingCJ piercingD

31、fashionablePhysical dependence on certain substances results from.A uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of timeB exclusive use of them for social purposesC quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseasesD careless employment of them for unpleasant symptomsFrom the last p

32、aragraph we can infer that.A A stimulants function positively on the mindB hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to healthC depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substancesD the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groupsText 4No company likes to be told it is contr

33、ibuting to the moral decline of a nation. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are s

34、imply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. Its a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is chairman Gera

35、ld Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and r

36、estructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire fbr releasing Ice-Ts violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin

37、 described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. The test of any democratic society/9 he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, how

38、ever disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We wont retreat in the face of any threats.”Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses a

39、t last months stockholders9 meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of societys ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility

40、, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in th

41、is matter. Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited/9 says Luce. I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for

42、.A its raising of the corporate stock priceB its self-examination of soulC its neglect of social responsibilityD its emphasis on creative freedomAccording to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.B Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.C Time Warner is unite

43、d as one in the face of the debate.D Steve Ross is no longer alive.55. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman.A stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expressionBJ softened his tone and adopted some new policyC changed his attitude and yielded to objectionD received more su

44、pport from the 15-member boardThe best title for this passage could be.A A Company under FireB A Debate on Moral DeclineC A Lawful Outlet of Street CultureD A Form of Creative FreedomText 5Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touc

45、h on the brakes J makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long,variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary p

46、olicy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its

47、lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each m

48、onth said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable in