考研英语一真题答案解析.pdf

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1、精品文档.2017 年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding“yes!”1 helping you fe

2、el close and 2 to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania

3、 examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effec

4、ts of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.11 among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that s usually 14 with stress,”notes Sheldon

5、 Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a 精品文档.marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18 it promotes at

6、tachment in relationships,including that between mother and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it 19 in the brain,where it 20 mood,behavior and physiology.1A Unlike B Besides C Despite D T

7、hroughout 2A connected B restricted C equal D inferior 3A choice B view C lesson D host 4A recall B forget C avoid D keep 5A collecting B involving C guiding D affecting 6A of B in C at D on 7A devoted B exposed C lost D attracted 8A across B along C down D out 9A calculated B denied C doubted D ima

8、gined 10 A served B required C restored D explained 11 A Even B Still C Rather D Thus 12 A defeats B symptoms C tests D errors 13 A minimized B highlighted C controlled D increased 14 A equipped B associated C presented D compared 15 A assess B moderate C generate D record 精品文档.16 A in the face of B

9、 in the form of C in the way of D in the name of 17 A transfer B commit C attribute D return 18 A because B unless C though D until 19 A emerges B vanishes C remains D decreases 20 A experiences B combines C justifies Dinfluences Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following

10、four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 First two hours,now three hoursthis is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with inc

11、reasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air tra

12、velers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.精品文档.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover inv

13、estigators were able to sneak weapons-both fake and realpast airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago s O Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has

14、 becomebut the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more p

15、eople are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win

16、for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is sticker shock.Passengers must pay$85 every five years to pro

17、cess their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck s fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.精品文档.The TSA cannot

18、 continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.According to Paragraph 1,Parkrun has_.A gained great popularity B created many jobs Cstrengthened community ties D become an of

19、ficial festival 22.The author believes that London s Olympic“legacy”has failed to _.A boost population growth B promote sport participation Cimprove the city s image D increase sport hours in schools 23.Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it _.A aims at discovering talents B focuses on m

20、ass competition C does not emphasize elitism D does not attract first-timers 24.With regard to mass sports,the author holds that governments should_.A organize“grassroots”sports events B supervise local sports associations C increase funds for sports clubs 精品文档.D invest in pubic sports facilities 25

21、.The author s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _.Atolerant B critical Cuncertain Dsympathetic Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii s last reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian societ

22、y.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT s planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some H

23、awaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world s most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea s peak rises above the bulk of our planet s dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of u

24、nsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed 精品文档.their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current con

25、troversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island s inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a reli

26、c of the past;it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii s shores inspires astronomers today to e

27、xplore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,a

28、s if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit t

29、he number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani s remark in Paragrap

30、h 1 indicates 精品文档.A its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site

31、due to A its geographical features B its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture

32、 will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today s astronomy A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventu

33、ally soften Hawaiians hostility.30.The author s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of 精品文档.A severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3 Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country s GD P measures“everything except that which makes life worthw

34、hile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures

35、things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,despite the warnings about what it

36、could do to their country s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meanin

37、gful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.精品文档.While all of these countries face their own challenges,th

38、ere are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries ha

39、ve seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country s success,the world looks very different.So,what Kennedy was referring to was that whil

40、e GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a person s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth pred

41、icted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31

42、.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he Apraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.精品文档.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.BGDP as the measure of success is widely def

43、ied in the UK.Cthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?AIt is sponsored by 163 countries.BIt excludes GDP as an indicator.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are

44、enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that Athe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best title for the t

45、ext?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK Lesson BGDP Figures,a Window on Global Economic Health CRebort F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP DBrexit,the UK s Gateway to Well-being 精品文档.Text 4 In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia g

46、overnor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell s trial failed to tell a jury

47、that it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governor s decisions on“specific”and“unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court d

48、id suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is“distasteful”and“nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act”.The court

49、 s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.”The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for th

50、e court,”assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts,to ensure equality of access to 精品文档.government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in prov