考研英语(一)真题及答案解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word 2011 年考研英语(一)真题 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise

2、 precious to health.”But _some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does _short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _,a good laugh is unlike

3、ly to have _ benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does._,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the _,studies dating back to the 1930 s indicate that laughter.muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help_the effects of psychological str

4、ess.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _feedback,that improve an individual s emotional state._one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _ physical reactions.It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _they are sad but the

5、y become sad when te tears begin to flow.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word Although sadness also _ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz.1Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike 2Areflect Bdemand C

6、indicate Dproduce 3Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining 4Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve 5Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief 7Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected 8Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes 9Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmo

7、derate Denhance 10Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal 11AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for 12Awith Bon Cin Dat 13Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause 14Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 15Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond 16Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold 17Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent

8、 18Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted 19Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word 20AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConversely Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below

9、 each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.For the most

10、part,the response has been favorable,to say the least.“Hooray!At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however,is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilberts appointme

11、nt in the Times,calls him“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers

12、 as faint praise.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions,but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall,or anywhere e

13、lse,to hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.For the time,attention,and money of

14、the art-loving public,classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses,dance troupes,theater companies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.There recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher

15、 in artistic quality than todays live performances;moreover,they can be“consumed”at a time and place of the listeners choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical

16、 performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted:Alex Ross,a classical-music critic,has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into“a markedly different,more vibrant organization.”But w

17、hat will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough.If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed,they must first change the relationship between America s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们

18、将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word 21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment has Aincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is Ainfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers Aig

19、nore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text,which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThe

20、y are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic,the author feels 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word Adoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.

21、Text 2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was surprisingly straight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out and said he was leaving“to pursue my goal of running a company.”Broadcasting his ambition was“very much my

22、 decision,”McGee says.Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.It also sent

23、a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isnt alone.In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who do

24、nt get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.In the third quarter,C

25、EO turnover w欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word as down 23%from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a

26、better one is unconventional.For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sit

27、ting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005

28、 with ambitions to be a CEO.He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was its safer to

29、stay where you are,but thats been fundamentally inverted,”says one headhunter.“The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure,his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word Bfran

30、k.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2,senior executives quitting may be spurred by Atheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached”(Line 3,Par

31、agraph 4)most probably means Aapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Atop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the t

32、raditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs:Where to Go?BCEOs:All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a Net 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word DThe Only Way Out for Top Performers Text 3 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that y

33、ou got what you paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid”media such as television commercials and print advertisements still play a major role,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create“owned”media by sending e-mail alerts about produ

34、cts and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media,such marketers act as the initiator for users responses.But

35、in some cases,one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media for instance,when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that envir

36、onment.This trend,which we believe is still in its infancy,effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&Johnson,for example,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive p

37、roducts.Besides generating income,the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word of other companies marketing,and may help expand user traffic for all c

38、ompanies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker,more visible,and much more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the o

39、pposite of earned media:an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.Members of social networks,for instance,are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created

40、 them.If that happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.In such a case,the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful,and the learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated

41、some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign,which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create“earned”media when they are

42、A obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word 32.According to Paragraph

43、 2,sold media feature A a safe business environment.B random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media A invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be

44、responsible for fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments about them.34.Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example of A responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked m

45、edia.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！编辑版 word Its no surprise that Jennifer Senior

46、s insightful,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate My Life,”is arousing much chatter nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents eith

47、er happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior wr

48、ites that“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive

49、and newly single mom Sandra Bullock,as well as the usual“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news.Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom,or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting you regret having chil

50、dren is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?It doesnt seem quite fair,then,to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn t have had kids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that chil