1986～2012考研英语真题及答案.docx

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1、1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II: Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)On Wednesday afternoons

2、 Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or16she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here andthere, and17a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. And then, withall the things she needed18she would leave the market for

3、 the streets of the town to spendanother hour _19_ she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look20without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitatedfor a moment before

4、 stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped21before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: This fine chair is yours22less than a pound a week,“ and very small at the bottom, Cash price eighty-nine poundsfifty. A pound a week.23_, she could almost pay that ou

5、t of her housekeeping money andnever miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her24. Can I help you, Madam? She lookedround at the assistant who had come softly to her _25.“Oh, well, no, she said. I was just looking/* Weve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If youll just come up, you will find someth

6、ing to suit you.Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didnt need, left the shop hurriedly.16. A soB moreC elseD another17. A takingB makingC fixingD keeping18. A buyB boughtC buyingD to have bought19. A in a wayB by the wayC in the wayD on the way20. A behindBroundC b

7、ackD on21. A doubtedB wonderedC puzzledD delighted22. A atB forC withD in23. A WhyB WhenC HowD What24. A jumpB leapC laughD wonder25. A placeB backC sideD frontSection III: Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Re

8、ad the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work

9、, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general jud

10、gments. We can call these people “generalists. And these generalists are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist

11、understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a trained man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist - and especially the administrator - deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving.

12、He is an educated man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need the

13、m in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or

14、 people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.26. There is an increasing demand for.A all round peopl

15、e in their own fieldsB people whose job is to organize other peoples workC generalists whose educational background is either technical or professionalD specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others27. The specialist is.A a man whose job is to train other peopleB a

16、man who has been trained in more than one fieldsC a man who can see the forest rather than the treesD a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters28. The administrator is.A a trained“ man who is more a specialist than a generalistB a man who sees the trees as well as the fore

17、stC a man who is very strong in the humanitiesD a man who is an educated specialist29. During your training period, it is important.A to try to be a generalistB to choose a profitable jobC to find an organization which fits youD to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist30. A m

18、ans first job.A is never the right job for himB should not be regarded as his final jobC should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobD is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobTest 2At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still w

19、rapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundame

20、ntally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most u

21、nobstructed water areas of the world - the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current from the land is so forceful that i

22、t makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia - a

23、region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.31. The best title for this selection would be.A IcelandB Land of OpportunityC The Unknown ContinentD Utopia at Last32

24、. At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was.A very limitedB vastC fairly richD nonexistent33. Antarctica is bordered by the.A Pacific OceanB Indian OceanC Atlantic OceanD All three34. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by.A cold airB calm seasC iceD lack of kno

25、wledge about the continent35. According to this article.A 2,000 people live on the Antarctic ContinentB a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South PoleC weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlements impractical D only a handful of natives inhabit Antarct

26、icaTranslate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards. (71) If one considers the enormous variety of cou

27、rses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. (72) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think fbr himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. (

28、73) Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time fbr independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. (74) Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all

29、rounders“ with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn t taken a degree in Modem Languages, I shouldnt have ended up as

30、 an interpreter, but its too late now. I couldnt go back and begin all over again.(75) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of ones time at university. (76) This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning. (77) He is immediately

31、accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about. (78) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste the

32、ir opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of

33、 graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.1986年参考答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)I. B2.C3.A4.A5.D6.B7.A8.D9.C10.CII. C12.A13.D14.D15.CSection II: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)16. A17.D18.B19.C20.B21. D22.B23.A24.A25.CSe

34、ction III: Reading Comprehension (10 points)26. B27.D28.C29.D30.B31. C32.A33.D34.A35.C71 .如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程,我们就不难发现,对个学生来说, 要选门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。72 .如果个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识,为了扩大思想境界 和学会独立思考,那么毫无疑问,进大学对他是有好处的。73 .学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束,气氛往往令人感到过于拘束,使学生没有充分时间 对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解。74 .我认为大多数学生,尤其是那些没有偏重某门课程的

35、“全面发展的学生“，经过一年 左右的时间対各门不同学科的钻研,将会从中获益。75 .当然,关于个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间，还有另外一个方面。76 .某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。77 .他毕业马上就被一所他自己选中的大学所接受,再花三、四年时间,以优异的成绩 取得荣誉学位，成为一名专家,但对外界的一切却几乎无所知。78 .因此,如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会,就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面 更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II: Reading ComprehensionText 1For

36、centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix, which could carry man straight up, but was only a desig

37、n and was never tested.The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwa

38、rds, and then settled back to earth. The vehicle was called a helicopter.Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectat

39、ions were not fulfilled.The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction

40、and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task fo

41、r a helicopter. Among their other multitude of used: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.11. People expect that.A the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicoptersB helicopters would someday

42、 be able to transport large number of people from place to place as airliners are now doingC the imaginations fired by the Russian engineers invention would become a reality in the futureD their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today12. Helicopters work wit

43、h the aid of.A a combination of rotating devices in front and on topB a rotating device topsideC one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each endD a rotating fan underneath for lifting13. What is said about the development of the helicopter?A Helicopters have only been worked on

44、 by man since 1940.B Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters.C Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes.D Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals.14. How has the use of helicopters developed?A They have been widely

45、used for various purposes.B They are taking the place of high-flying jets.C They are used for rescue work.D They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.15. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?A For overseas passenger transportation.B For extremely high al

46、titude flights.C For high-speed transportation.D For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.Text 2In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the

47、Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women