高考英语语法之情态动词.ppt

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1、Grammar情态动词情态动词v非推测性情态动词非推测性情态动词shall,will,must,mustnt,should,would的用法的用法v情态动词情态动词could,should/ought to,may/might,neednt+have done 表示表示假设的用法假设的用法v情态动词情态动词must,can/could,may/might,should/ought to表猜测的用法表猜测的用法v情态动词的一些惯用法情态动词的一些惯用法lshall 1.shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁

2、。警告，允诺或威胁。1)You shall go with me.(命令命令)2)You shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺允诺)3)He shall be punished.(威胁威胁)2.shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。见和向对方请示。4)Shall we begin our class?（征求意见）征求意见）5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示请示)3.用语条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，

3、多用于第三用语条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。人称中。6)“The interest _be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.A.may B.should C.must D.shalllmust,mustnt1.must用于肯定句中表示用于肯定句中表示“必须必须”-Must I hand in my exercises now?-Yes,you must.(No,you neednt./dont have to)我必须现在

4、交练习吗？是的，必须。（不，你不必）我必须现在交练习吗？是的，必须。（不，你不必）2.Must用语肯定句中表示用语肯定句中表示“偏偏偏偏”。Naturally,after I told her what to do,my daughter must go and do the opposite.自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情的事情 3.mustnt表示表示“禁止禁止”You mustnt play in the street.你不能在街上玩耍。你不能在街上玩耍。lused to 和和would的区别的区别1.在表示过去重复的习

5、惯时，在表示过去重复的习惯时，used to可用可用would代替。例如：代替。例如：He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.以前，他以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。晚间常在森林附近散步。He used to take a walk near the forest in the(而现在已经不在那里散步了而现在已经不在那里散步了)2.used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样而现在过去怎样而现在却不这样了却不这样了”的意思；而的意思；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，则单纯表示过去

6、的习惯性动作，常和常和often,everyday等连用。例如：等连用。例如：She isnt what she used to be.她跟过去不一样了。（表示对比，她跟过去不一样了。（表示对比，不可用不可用would）We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story.我们每天晚上坐在院子里，听他将故事。（表示过去的重复行为）我们每天晚上坐在院子里，听他将故事。（表示过去的重复行为）3.表示过去的状态，只能用表示过去的状态，只能用 used to，不可用不可用would。例如：例如：There used to be a

7、 park.以前这里有一个公园。以前这里有一个公园。should表示表示“居然，竟然居然，竟然”。I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。lwill表示表示“意愿意愿”。If you will attend the club,please sign your name here.如果你愿意参加俱乐部，请在这里签名。如果你愿意参加俱乐部，请在这里签名。lmay,can/could 表示表示“按规定许可或征求别人的允按规定许可或征求别

8、人的允许许”。I can park my car here.(按规定停车按规定停车)-Could/May I park my car here?(could表示语气表示语气更加委婉更加委婉)-No,you cant/mustnt.Yes,you can/may巩巩 固固 练练 习习1.-Wrtie to me when you get home.-I _.A.must B.should C.will D.can 2.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time,especially at a rai

9、lway station.A.should B.can C.must D.will3.-Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You_ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shant B.might not C.neednt D.shouldnt4.Why _ he think like that?I _ believe it.A.should;wont B.should;cant C.would;wont D.could;cant5._ she use

10、the computer in the office?-Yes,please.A.Will B.Would C.Can D.ShallCBABDMust+do/be doing 可以对现在、现可以对现在、现在进行的情况进行肯定的推测在进行的情况进行肯定的推测1.Judging from his accident,he must be from the south.听他的口音，听他的口音，他一定是南方人。他一定是南方人。2.Tom bought a lot of apples.He must like eating apples.汤姆买了很多苹果，他一定喜欢吃苹果。汤姆买了很多苹果，他一定喜欢吃

11、苹果。3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off.They must be sleeping now.现在已经是深夜十一点且灯都关了，他们一定是在睡觉了。现在已经是深夜十一点且灯都关了，他们一定是在睡觉了。Must+have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定作了某事”。1.It must have rained last night,for the road was very muddy.昨晚昨晚 一定是下雨了，一定是下雨了，因为地上很泥泞。因为地上很泥泞。2.We must have learn

12、ed 2,000 words by the end of last term.到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词 。3.He must have gone to Beijing.他一定已经去北京了。他一定已经去北京了。NOTICEvmust表推测时只能用于肯定句中。表推测时只能用于肯定句中。v与与must有关句子的反意疑问句。有关句子的反意疑问句。1.Judging from his accident,he must be from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples.He must like eating app

13、les,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off.They must be sleeping now,isnt,he?didnt he?arent they?因因must后是实意动词后是实意动词like因因must后是系动词后是系动词 be must后接的是后接的是be sleeping，是对正在进是对正在进行的情况推测行的情况推测1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term,hadnt we?3.He must have gone to Beijing,d

14、idnt it?hasnt he?若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句若句中不含任何时间状语，若句中不含任何时间状语，用现在完成时完成反意疑问句用现在完成时完成反意疑问句2.It must have rained last night,for the road was very muddy，can 后跟动词原形，表示小、对现在后跟动词原形，表示小、对现在情况的否定和疑问推测情况的否定和疑问推测1.Mr Li ha

15、s gone to Beijing,the man at the gate cant be him。李老师去北京了，门口的那个人不可能是他。李老师去北京了，门口的那个人不可能是他。2.The watch is not yours.Who elses can it be?这块表不是你的，它可能是谁的呢？这块表不是你的，它可能是谁的呢？can/could+have done表示对过去表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。定句和疑问句中。1.Can they have won the basketball match?他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？他们可能

16、赢了篮球赛吗？2.It couldnt have been Mr.Green.He has gone to New York.那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。may/might后跟动词原形，表示对现在后跟动词原形，表示对现在情况的推测。情况的推测。may/might+have done表表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许也许/或许或许/已经已经”。一般只用语肯定句和否。一般只用语肯定句和否定句中，不用与疑问句。定句中，不用与疑问句。might比比may更更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。委婉、含蓄和不肯定。1.He may/mi

17、ght be English.他可能是英国人。他可能是英国人。2.Its too late.I think he may have gone to bed.太晚了，我想他可能已经睡觉了。太晚了，我想他可能已经睡觉了。3.He may/might not have finished the work.他可能没有完成工作。他可能没有完成工作。should/ought to表示推测，意为表示推测，意为“理应，应该理应，应该”。They left yesterday.They should be home by now.他们昨天就离开了，现在理应到家了。他们昨天就离开了，现在理应到家了。巩巩 固固 练

18、练 习习 1.-What _ it be?-It _ be a mail box,for it is moving.It _ be a car.A.can;cant;must B.can;can;must C.can;mustnt;must D.must;mustnt can 2.-Isnt that Anns husband over there?-No.it _ be him-Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A.cant B.must not C.wont D,may not3.-When can I come for the photos?I need th

19、em tomorrow afternoon.-They _ be ready by 12:00.A.can B.should C.might D.need4.-are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might AABD5.-You may laugh,but Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian.-Oh,you _ be out of your mind.You will be hungr

20、y all the time.A.will B.may C.must D.should6.-I wonder why they are late?-They _ the train.A.cant have missed B.could missB.C.must have missed D.might miss7.-Show me your permit,please!-Oh,its not in my pocket.It _.A.might fall out B.could fall out C.should have fallen out D.must have fallen outCCD7

21、.-Has Mike started?He said he would join in the party.-He _.He is a man of keeping his word.A.could have left B.must have leftC.cant come D.wont be coming8.Everything has two sides.Beautiful songs,sometimes,_ be just noise to others.A.must B.may C.should D.could B.9.-There were already five people i

22、n the car,but they managed to take me as well.C.-It _ a comfortable journey.D.A.cant be B.mustnt have been E.C.should be D.couldnt have been F.10.Chinese must have the largest number of speakers,_.G.A.mustnt they B.havent they C.dont they D.didnt theyH.BBDClcould(不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示“本来能够而没能”，具有

23、婉转的批评和责备之意。1.I could have passed my exam easily,but I made too many stupid mistakes.我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该 犯的犯的错误。错误。2.You could have reported to me earlier.你本该早点告诉我的。你本该早点告诉我的。should/ought to+have done用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。1.You should have told him a week a

24、go.你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。2.You ought not to have taken the magazine out of the reading room.他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。lmight（不用may）+have done表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1.You might not have told her.你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）2.You might have come earlier

25、.你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）lneednt+have done表示做了本表示做了本来不必去做的事。来不必去做的事。1.She neednt have gone to the station yesterday.昨天她本不必到火车站去的昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）（昨天她去了）2.You neednt have bought it.你本可不必买它的。你本可不必买它的。（你买了）（你买了）巩巩 固固 练练 习习 1.Oh,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I _ so much fried chicken jus

26、t now.A.shouldnt eat B.shouldnt have eaten C.mustnt eat D.mustnt have eaten2.-Why hasnt Jane arrived yet?-She _ again in the morning?A.shouldnt have overslept B.may have turned off the alarm clockC.must have no one t o call herD.should have someone to wake her up3.-Did you go to the movie the day be

27、fore yesterday?-No.We _,but we decided not to.A.should have gone B.could go C.should go D.could have goneBBA4.As it turned out to be a small house party,we _ so formally.A.neednt dress B.B.didnt have to dress upC.Might not have dressed up D.neednt have dressed up5.Im rather surprised you havent repo

28、rted him to your teacher.In my opinion,you _ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.A.must have done B.might have done B.C.should have done D.could have done DC1.canmottoo/enough表示表示“无论怎么无论怎么也不（过也不（过分）分）”，“越越越好越好”。例如：。例如：You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好你越小心越好。You cannot remember enough Englis

29、h words.你记你记的英语单词越越好的英语单词越越好。2.cannot but+do sth表示表示“不得不，只好不得不，只好”。I cannot but admire your bravery.我不得不钦佩你的我不得不钦佩你的勇气勇气。I could not but choose to go.我只好去我只好去。3.may well may as well“may well+do”是一种常用结构是一种常用结构，意为，意为“（完全）能（完全）能，很可能，很可能，”相当于相当于be very likely to。例如例如：He may well be proud of his son.他大他大

30、 可为儿子高可为儿子高兴。兴。Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.她的模样变化太大，她的模样变化太大，你很可能人不出她了。你很可能人不出她了。“may as well+do”表示表示“最好，满可以，倒不如最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于，相当于had better或或 to have no strong reason not to。例如例如：You may as well stay here over the night.你最好你最好留在留在 这里过夜。这里过夜。You may as well do it at once.你最好马上做这件事你最好马上做这件事。We may as well stay where we are.我们留在现在我们留在现在的地方倒也不错的地方倒也不错。You may as well tell me the truth.你还是把镇想告你还是把镇想告诉我的好诉我的好。Thanks a lot!