颐和园英文介绍.pdf

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1、Summer Palace,located in the northwest Beijing Haidian District,15 km fromthe Beijing City.Covering an area of about 290 hectares,the existing SummerPalace is Chinas largest,most complete preservation of the imperial garden,the Summer Palace,the palace was originally Qing Dynasty emperors andGarden颐

2、和园位于北京西北郊海淀区，距北京城区15 千米。占地约 290 公顷，颐和园是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的皇家园林，颐和园原是清朝帝王的行宫和花园.Situated in the western outskirts of Haidian District,the Summer Palace is 15 kilometers(9.3 miles)from central Beijing.Having the largest royalpark and being well preserved,it was designated,in 1960 by the State Council,as a

3、 Key Cultural Relics Protection Site of China.Containingexamples of the ancient arts,it also has graceful landscapes and magnificent constructions.The Summer Palace is the archetypal Chinese garden,and is ranked amongst the most noted and classical gardens of the world.In 1998,it was listed as one o

4、f the World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.Constructed in the Jin Dynasty(1115-1234),during the succeeding reign of feudal emperors;it was extended continuously.By the time of theQing Dynasty(1644-1911),it had become a luxurious royal garden providing royal families with rest and entertainment.Originally

5、called QingyiGarden(Garden of Clear Ripples),it was know as one of the famous three hills and five gardens(Longevity Hill,Jade Spring Mountain,andFragrant Hill;Garden of Clear Ripples,Garden of Everlasting Spring,Garden of Perfection and Brightness,Garden of Tranquility and Brightness,and Garden of

6、Tranquility and Pleasure).Like most of the gardens of Beijing,it could not elude the rampages of the Anglo-French allied force andwas destroyed by fire.In 1888,Empress Dowager Cixi embezzled navy funds to reconstruct it for her own benefit,changing its name to SummerPalace(Yiheyuan).She spent most o

7、f her later years there,dealing with state affairs and entertaining.In 1900,it suffered again,being ransacked bythe Eight-Power Allied Force.After the success of the 1911 Revolution,it was opened to the public.Composed mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake,The Summer Palace occupies an area of 2

8、94 hectares(726.5 acres),three quarters ofwhich is water.Guided by nature,artists designed the gardens exquisitely so that visitors would see marvelous views and be amazed by perfectexamples of refined craftwork using the finest materials.Centered on the Tower of Buddhist Incense(Foxiangge)the Summe

9、r Palace consists of over 3,000 structures including pavilions,towers,bridges,and corridors.The Summer Palace can be divided into four parts:the court area,front-hill area,front-lake area,and rear-hill and back-lakearea.Front-Hill Area:this area is the most magnificent area in the Summer Palace with

10、 the most constructions.Its layout is quite distinctive becauseof the central axis from the yard of Kunming Lake to the hilltop,on which important buildings are positioned including Gate of Dispelling Clouds,Hall of Dispelling Clouds,Hall of Moral Glory,Tower of Buddhist Incense,the Hall of the Sea

11、of Wisdom,etc.Rear-Hill and Back-Lake Area:although the constructions are fewer here,it has a unique landscape,with dense green trees,and winding paths.Visitors can feel a rare tranquility,and elegance.This area includes scenic spots such as Garden of Harmonious Interest and Suzhou Market Street.Cou

12、rt Area:this is where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu met officials,conducted state affairs and rested.Entering the EastPalace Gate,visitors may see the main palace buildings:the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity served as the office of the Emperor,the Hall ofJade Ripples where Guangxu live

13、d,the Hall of Joyful Longevity,Cixis residence,the Hall of Virtue and Harmony where Cixi was entertained.Front Lake Area:covering a larger part of the Summer Palace,opens up the vista of the lake.A breeze fluttering,waves gleam and willowskiss the ripples of the vast water.In this comfortable area t

14、here are the Eastern and Western Banks,the Seventeen-Arch Bridge,Nanhu Island,andso on.On the western bank float six distinct bridges amongst which the Jade-Belt Bridge is the most beautiful.1颐和园颐和园是我国现存最完好、规模最宏大的古代园林。位于北京市海淀区境内，距天安门 20 余公里，占地 290 公顷。颐和园原为封建帝王的行宫和花园，远在金贞元元年（1153 年）即在这里修建“西山八院”之一的“金山

15、行宫”。明弘治七年（1494年）修建了园静寺，后皇室在此建成好山园。1664 年清廷定都北京后，又将好山园更名为“瓮山行宫”。清乾隆年间，经过 15 年的修建工程，将该园改名为“清漪圆”。此时的清漪园，北自文昌阁至西宫门筑有围墙，东、南、西三面以昆明湖水为屏障，园内修建了许多亭台楼阁，桥廊斋榭，山清水秀，富丽堂皇。咸丰十年（1860 年），英法联军疯狂抢劫并焚烧了园内大部分建筑，除宝云阁（俗称“铜亭”）智慧海、多宝 琉璃塔幸存外，珍宝被洗劫一空，建筑夷为一片废墟。光绪十四年（1888 年）慈待太后挪用海军经费 3000 万两白银，在清漪园的废墟上兴建起颐和园。光绪二十六年（1900 年）颐和园

16、又遭八国联军的野蛮破坏，后慈禧又动用巨款重新修复。数百年来，这里一直是封建帝王、皇室的享乐之地，解放辟为公园。1961 年国务院公布颐和园为全国重点文物保护单位。颐和园包括万寿山、昆明湖两大部分，园内山水秀美，建筑宏伟。全园有各式建筑 3000 余间，园内布局可分为政治、生活、游览三个区域。政治活动区，以仁寿段为中心，是过去慈禧太后和光绪皇帝办理朝事、会见朝臣、使节的地方。生活居住区，以玉澜堂、宜芸馆、乐寿堂为主体，是慈禧、光绪及后妃居住之地。风景游览区，以万寿山前山、后山、后湖、昆明湖为主，是全园的主要组成部分。在世界古典园林中享有盛誉的颐和园，布局和谐，浑然一体。在高 60 米的万寿山前山

17、的中央，纵向自低而高排列着排 云门、排云股、德辉殿、佛香阁、智慧海等一组建筑，依山而立，步步高升，气派宏伟。以高大的佛香阁为主体，形成了全园的中心线。沿昆明湖北岸横向而建的长廊，长 728 米，共273 间，像一条彩带横跨于万寿山前，连结着东面前山建筑群。长廊中有精美柁画 14000 多幅，素有“画廊”之美称。位于颐和园东北角，万寿山东麓的谐趣园，具有浓重的江南园林特色，被誉为“园中之园”。占全园总面积四分之三的昆明湖，湖水清澈碧绿，景色宜人。在广阔的湖面上，有三个小岛点缀，其主要景物是西堤、西堤六桥、东堤、南湖岛、十七孔桥等。湖岸建有廓如亭、知春亭、凤凰墩等秀美建筑，其中位于湖西北岸的清晏舫

18、（石访）中西合璧，精巧华丽，是园中著名的水上建筑。后山后湖，林茂竹青，景色幽雅，到处是松林曲径，小桥流水，风格与前山迥然不同。山脚下的苏州河，曲折蜿蜒，时狭时阔，颇具江南特色。在岸边的树丛中建有多宝琉璃塔。后山还有一座仿西藏建筑 香岩宗印之阁，造型奇特。苏州街原为宫内的民间买卖街，现已修复并向游人开放。拥山抱水，绚丽多姿的颐和园，体现了我国造园艺术的高超水平。Situated in western outskirts of Beijing,the Summer Palace is 10 kilometers from the central city.It is Chinas leading

19、classical garden which enjoys a worldwide reputation.The Summer Palace was opened to the public in 1924 and included in the UNESCO world heritage list in 1998.A whole day is needed to view it in detail.The Summer Palace was first built in 1153 and served as an imperial palace for short stays away fr

20、om the capital.Empress Dowager Ci Xi rebuilt it in 1888 with a large sum of money which had been appropriated to build a Chinese navy.The two main elements of the garden are Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.Kunming Lake,with an exquisite building in the middle,takes up three quarters of the gardens 2

21、90 hectares.The garden consists of three parts:the political activity area,the empresss living quarter and the scenic area which separately centers on the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity(1),the Hall of Jade Ripples(2)and the Hall of Happiness and Longevity(3),and Longevity Hill(4)and Kunming Lake.

22、The groups of buildings,hills and lakes,together with the background of West Hills,give an ever changing scene.The buildings on the southern slope of Longevity Hill are characteristic of the garden.Cloud-Dispelling Hall,the Pavilion of the Buddhist Incense(5)and the Wisdom Sea(6)on the axis line are

23、 flanked by the Wheel Hall,Wufang Pavilion and Baoyun Pavilion and are major attractions.The Pavilion of the Buddhist Incense is 41 meters high and stands on a 20-meter-high terrace.At the foot of Longevity Hill is the 728-meter-long passageway which links the three areas together.The passageway is

24、famous for its paintings and at its western end is a 36-meter-long Marble Boat(7).The bridges of the western causeway of Kunming Lake are replicas of the bridges of famous Su and Bai causeways on West Lake in Hangzhou.The marble Seventeen-Arch Bridge which spans the Eastern Causeway to South Lake Is

25、land has balusters topped by 540 carved lions in different poses.Back Lake at the northern foot of Longevity Hill is natural and peaceful.On its bank is Suzhou Street,a replica of a commercial street in the old days.At the northeastern corner of the garden there is the Garden of Harmonious Interest

26、which imitates the famous Jichang Garden(8)in Wuxi,Jiangsu Province.Diminutive and elegant,it is known as a garden within a garden.2Notes:1.the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity仁寿殿2.the Hall of Jade Ripples玉澜堂3.the Hall of Happiness and Longevity乐寿堂4.the Longevity Hill万寿山5.the Pavilion of the Buddhist Incense佛香阁6.the Wisdom Sea智慧海7.the Marble Boat石舫8.Jichang Garden寄畅园3