第19章梭菌属.ppt

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1、Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityMedical MicrobiologyDepartment of Microbiology,HMUDepartment of Microbiology,HMUDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University第二篇 致病性细菌第19

2、章梭菌属Clostridium 微生物学教研室微生物学教研室 钱钧钱钧Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University教学大纲n n掌握内容uu重要厌氧性细菌的种类及主要特点重要厌氧性细菌的种类及主要特点n n熟悉内容uu破伤风梭菌的生物学特性破伤风梭菌的生物学特性uu产气荚膜梭菌的微生物学检查法及防治原则产气荚膜梭菌的微生物学检查法及防治原则uu肉毒梭菌的形态及培养特性。肉毒梭菌的形态及培养特性。n n了解内容uu艰难梭菌的致病性艰难

3、梭菌的致病性Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University问题n n破伤风梭菌 uu致病条件致病条件 uu特异性防治原则特异性防治原则n n产气荚膜梭菌、肉毒梭菌uu致病物质致病物质 uu所致疾病所致疾病Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University梭菌属Clostridiu

4、mn n一群专性厌氧、革兰阳性的粗大杆菌n n特点uu革兰阳性革兰阳性uu专性厌氧专性厌氧uu形成芽胞，细菌膨胀呈梭形形成芽胞，细菌膨胀呈梭形uu外毒素致病外毒素致病uu广泛分布于自然界广泛分布于自然界Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University种类n n破伤风梭菌破伤风梭菌 Clostridium Clostridium TetaniTetaniuu破伤风破伤风n n产气荚膜梭菌产气荚膜梭菌 Clostridium Clostri

5、dium perfringensperfringensuu气性坏疽气性坏疽n n肉毒梭菌肉毒梭菌 Clostridium Clostridium botulinumbotulinumuu肉毒中毒肉毒中毒n n艰难梭菌艰难梭菌 Clostridium Clostridium difficiledifficileuu假膜性结肠炎假膜性结肠炎Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University破伤风梭菌Clostridium tetaniDepa

6、rtment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University生物学特性n n革兰阳性n n芽胞：一端膨大，呈鼓槌状n n专性厌氧Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment

7、 of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University致病性n n感染途径n n感染条件：厌氧微环境Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University致病物质n n破伤风痉挛毒素Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University致病机制Departmen

8、t of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University典型症状n n苦笑面容n n角弓反张n n其它Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University免疫性n n抗毒素免疫n n有效地获得抗毒素的途径Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityD

9、epartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University微生物学检查法n n临床诊断主要结合创伤史和特有体征n n微生物学检查对早期诊断意义不大Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University防治原则n n人工主动免疫 n n人工被动免疫 n n抗生素的使用 Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of M

10、icrobiology,Harbin Medical University产气荚膜梭菌ClostridiumClostridium perfringens perfringensDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University形态和染色n n革兰阳性大杆菌uu两端平切两端平切n n卵圆形芽胞uu中央，近极端中央，近极端Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartme

11、nt of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University厌氧培养n n厌氧培养极快，产气多n n汹涌发酵试验Stormy fermentationn n溶血Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical Universi

12、ty所致疾病n n气性坏疽（gas gangrene）n n食物中毒Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University微生物学检查法n n直接涂片镜检 n n分离培养与动物实验 n n取细菌培养液给小鼠或家兔静脉注射Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University防治原则n n及时

13、处理伤口n n扩创、清创n n早期可用多价抗毒素血清n n抗生素使用Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University肉毒梭菌ClostridiumClostridium botulinum botulinumDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University形态和染色n n革兰阳性

14、粗大杆菌n n专性厌氧n n椭圆形芽胞uu网球拍状网球拍状Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University致病物质n n肉毒毒素uu剧毒剧毒uu嗜神经性嗜神经性Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Me

15、dical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University所致疾病n n食物肉毒中毒n n婴儿肉毒中毒n n创伤肉毒中毒Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical Uni

16、versity微生物学检查法n n检出毒素uu细菌分离培养细菌分离培养uu将可疑食物或呕吐物制成悬液，离心沉淀后取将可疑食物或呕吐物制成悬液，离心沉淀后取上清液做动物试验上清液做动物试验Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University防治原则 n n加强食品管理和监督n n食品进食前加热煮沸n n治疗应尽早注射多价抗血清Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartm

17、ent of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityClostridiumClostridium difficile difficile艰难梭菌Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University生物学性状n n革兰阳性粗大杆菌n n芽胞呈卵圆形，位于菌体近极端n n专性厌氧n n营养要求较高Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepa

18、rtment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University致病性n n人类肠道中的正常菌群n n可引起抗生素相关性腹泻和假膜性结肠炎Department of Microbiology,Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology,Harbin Medical University小结n n破伤风梭菌uu致病条件；致病物质及致病机制；特异性防治致病条件；致病物质及致病机制；特异性防治原则原则n n产气荚膜梭菌uu主要生物学性状；致病物质与所致疾病主要生物学性状；致病物质与所致疾病n n肉毒梭菌uu致病物质、致病机制及所致疾病致病物质、致病机制及所致疾病