开题报告 (320).doc

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1、华北水利水电大学本科生毕业设计（论文）开题报告学生姓名王程艺学号201323304专业英语（商务）题目名称浅析活着中文化负载词的翻译(An Analysis of the Culture-Loaded Expressions in To Live)研究或设计概述（500字左右）The purpose of the thesis: Undergraduate thesis for English majors can fully measure the students English language application capacity, as well as the ability t

2、o analyze and solve problems. This paper, by analyzing the Chinese-English translation of the culture-loaded expressions in To Live, explores how the translator grasped the culture-loaded expressions to make target readers have a deep understanding of the culture of other countries and appreciate th

3、e original social and cultural connotations that need to be expressed. As for the paper, it finally comes to the conclusion that some culture-loaded expressions are useful in English translation。The significance of the research: Language is not only the component part of a culture, but also the carr

4、ier of it. The features of a culture are always reflected in its language. As the basic unit of language, vocabulary is surely the most direct reflection of some peculiar things in a culture. These words reflect some certain nations models of activity which are gradually formed in their long history

5、 process and are distinct from other nations. The literary works with strong national character often contain vast culture-loaded words. The best goal of cross-cultural translation is to help readers of the target language get the same communicative messages from the translated text with what acquir

6、ed from the source text by readers in the source language. Because of the huge culture-gap between the source language and the target language, the translated text and the source text would be hardly equivalent, and translation can only get close to the source text in the most large extent. Culture-

7、loaded expressions play an important role in literary translation, and to a big extent, the success of literary translation and communication between English and Chinese national literatures depends on the translation of culture-loaded expressions. The particularity and complexity of cultural factor

8、 determines the flexibility of using different translation methods in translating culture-loaded expressions. Since it is almost impossible to find the complete equivalent culture-loaded pair between Chinese and English, translators will have to choose various methods to compensate and adjust this k

9、ind of distinction. Each of these methods has its own advantages and the translator should make use of them flexibly. To reach the best goal of cross-cultural translation, namely, to convey the communicative meanings in the source text, it is necessary to study and analyze the concrete methods and i

10、nfluential factors in translating Chinese culture-loaded expressions in To Live. Firstly, it can help translators to explore the regularity of translation methods of culture-loaded expressions and reflect the cultural connotations in the source text. Secondly, it can help foreigners understand many

11、Chinese words with particular meanings. Thirdly, it can help us spread the Chinese culture better to the foreign world, and further, to improve the communications and developments among different cultures.Owing to the different geographical locations, living surroundings, social systems, religious b

12、eliefs, historical backgrounds, lifestyles and ways of thinking, people who live in different countries form many cultural traditions that are different in a thousand ways. When those various cultural traditions are reflected in the lexical system, there come some terms which are called culture-load

13、ed expressions that contain rich culture meanings and suggest the cultural features of their own language. Culture-loaded expressions are alike to the phenomenon called culture vacancy and culture default which means the cultural information borrowed from source language expressions does not have eq

14、uivalence in the target language.主要内容The content of the thesis: By a deep exploration of the different aspects of culture-loaded expressions in To Live, this paper indicates that, in the long historical process, the vocabulary of a particular nation is clearly different from other nations. It is of

15、practical significance to make an analysis of how to accurately and faithfully translate these culture-loaded expressions. This will help readers of another country to have a better understanding of the Chinese culture and promote the development of intercultural communication.Outline1 Abstract2 Int

16、roduction3 Researches on To Live and culture-loaded words3.1 An overview of researches on the English version of To Live 3.2 Researches on culture-loaded words in China 3.3 Researches on culture-loaded words abroad 3.4 Classification of culture-loaded words4 Analysis of Translation of Culture-loaded

17、 words in To Live 4.1 Literal Translation 4.2 Free Translation5 Factors in the translation of culture-loaded words in To Live 5.1 Language functions and text categories 5.2 Target language readers acceptability 5.3 Intentions of the text and translator6 Conclusion7 Bibliography主要参考文献（不少于10篇）1 陈思和：逼近

18、世纪末的批评文丛笔走龙蛇，山东友谊出版社，1997.5 2 舒婷：朦胧诗选，83页，春风文艺出版社，19893 张承志：张承志散文，41页，人民文学出版社，2005.5 4 宗白华：介绍两本关于中国画学的书并论中国的绘画，美学与意境，99页，人民出版社，1987 5邓炎昌 ,刘润清. Language and Culture M . 北京:外语教学与研究出版社 , 1989.6Eugene A. Nida. Language, Culture and Translating M .上海 :上海外语教育出版社 , 1993. 7Larry A.Samovar, Richard E.Porter,

19、 Lisa A.Stefani. Communication Between Cultures M. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社 , 2000.8 平洪,张国扬. 英语习语与英美文化 M . 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社 , 2000.9 张培基. 英汉翻译教程M . 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1983.10 张虹然. 如何翻译汉语中的文化负载词. 翻译实践，8/2010，总第251期.Literature review: The language of all nations loads a deep culture connotation of its own nation, beca

20、use the lexical system of a nations language can reflect its nations cultural value orientation most directly and sensitively. Owing to the differences between China and western word in history, social habits, ways of thinking, national conditions and so on, there are many difficulties to translate

21、from Chinese to English. However, there is only about 40% equivalent words between Chinese and English, western Equivalence Theory can just solve a small part of translation problems rather than most of them (Xu Yuanchong, 2003). Culture-loaded expressions cannot be translated in some extent, so its

22、 difficult to translate them. They are called the lexical vacancy, that is to say, the words with culture message loaded in the source language have no corresponding expressions in the target language (Bao Huinan & Bao Ang, 2004). Based on Leechs categorization, they are considered as the cultural c

23、ontents about culture-loaded expressions. That is to say, culture-loaded expressions are the direct or indirect reflection of one special culture. (Leech, 1980) Aixel, a Spanish translator and translation theorist, puts forward his opinion in culture-specific items in translation. Some items appeari

24、ng in the source text do not have equivalent items in the target readers cultural system or these items have different textual status with those in the target readers cultural system, thus leading to a translation difficulty while transferring the function and meaning of the source text to the targe

25、t text”采取的主要技术路线或方法The author adopted four concrete methods in the process of discussing this thesis; include case study, citation, reference method, induction method. And research method includes using contrast, examples and analysis to support my thesisand inductive and summary method.时间安排指导教师意见签 名：年 月 日备注