解题原则讲义.docx

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1、新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列四级阅读强化提高班四级阅读强化提高班 主讲：唐思宇主讲：唐思宇仔细阅读仔细阅读三个基本原则：三个基本原则：1、 先题后文原则先题后文原则先看题干再管文章两个要点：、四级阅读多考察文章的细节 、题目可以提示阅读思路2、 顺序原则顺序原则题目顺序与行文顺序一致两个要点：、根据题目顺序判断所考信息的大致段落、定位模糊的题目可以“夹逼”3、 定位原则定位原则每个题都要回原文去找最佳定位范围：句子至少定位至段不要有任何一道题“不知道考哪里”！根据定位原则题目可以分为三种基本题型根据定位原则题目可以分为三种基本题型细节题细节题用题干可以找到一或几句话（三句及之内）段落题段

2、落题用题干只能找到一或几个段落（三段及之内）全文题全文题用题干什么也找不到解题原则与技巧解题原则与技巧一、一、 细节题细节题什么样的题是细节题？新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列题干问的是文中具体的人、或具体的事题干的一些词或短语在文中能找到题干的说法与文中某（几）个句子很像或者直接问一句话、一个词、一个短语的意思比如说：What does Senator Charles Schumer advocate? (2012-6)文章第四段：In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on再比如说Why did the Federal Aviation Auth

3、ority require the black boxes to be painted orange or yellow? (2010-6)文章第四段：the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow又比如说：The word “deterrent”（Line 2, Para.1）most probably refers to something that _ (2010.12)细节题多不多？占所有题目的 90%

4、08-12 年的 100 题中考虑 89 道怎么做？找准题干问的那句话是关键！定位定位词的选择：、数字、时间等非英文最好、人名、地名、组织名等大写专有名词、也可以考虑一般名词、以及长的“特难杂”的词。定位用的名词有：专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、实在不行，就考虑一般动词或形容词，但注意改写新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列最有用的几句话：三句原则定位句+前句+后句细节题的正确答案一定来自于文中某句话例题：64. Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage? (2012-6)A) To rende

5、r better service to its users.B) To conform to the Federal guidelines.C) To improve its users connectivity.D) To expand its scope of business.答案：A解析：定位至四段首句，render better 改写原文 improve。原文：According to Facebooks vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service

6、, and if people dont share information, they have a “less satisfying experience.”65. What dies Senator Charles Schumer advocate? (2012-6)A) Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.B) Banning the sharing of users personal information.C) Formulating regulations for social-networking sites.D) Re

7、moving ads from all social-networking sites.答案：C解析：定位至六段二句，set guidelines 改写原文 formulate regualtions。原文：The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set gui

8、delines for social-networking sites.常考例题：常考例题：“因果题因果题”：问某事的原因或结果新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列显性因果：定位句前后明确给出因果关系词或表达why, because, reason, due to, stem from隐性因果：定位句前后没有明确因果关系词或表达1、 寻找定位句前后正确细节2、 该细节与定位句能够构成逻辑上的因果关系。“研究发现题研究发现题”：问某研究的发现或结论“研究”：study, research, experiment, poll“发现”：show, suggest, indicate, discover

9、, find, support, believe语义题：语义题：问某个词、词组或某句话的意思周边信息原则：常要应用三句原则，只看本句或本词基本没戏总结：总结：定位原则：找准定位句定位原则：找准定位句三句原则：确定解题句三句原则：确定解题句对应解题句出答案对应解题句出答案例题：59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965? (2010-6)A) New materials became available by that time.B) Too much space was needed for its installation.C) The earl

10、y models often got damaged in the crash.D) The early models didnt provide the needed data.答案：C原文：Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane - the area least subject to impact - from its original position

11、 in the landing wells.62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints? (2008-12)A. Most customers wont bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B. Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C. Few customers believe the service will

12、be improved.D. Customers have no easy access to store managers.答案：B新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列原文：Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear compl

13、aints, and often find out62. William Farrs study and other studies show that _. (2010-12)A social life provides an effective cure for illnessB being sociable helps improve ones quality of lifeC women benefit more than men from marriageD marriage contributes a great deal to longevity答案：D原文：The effect

14、 was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a mans60. What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line 1 par

15、a.9)? (2008-12)A. a casual attitude towards ones health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about ones disease because of fear答案：D原文：Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men ar

16、e scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill二、二、 段落题段落题什么样？什么样？题干一般就问“某个段落说了啥”题干问的东西在文中或段中出现了很多次比如：What do you learn from the last paragraph?What can we inferred from the last paragraph?What is said about global warming the first paragraph?新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列The

17、author suggest at the end of the message that couples should 多不多？占所有题的额近 10%08-12 年 100 道题中考了 8 道怎么做？怎么做？经常喜欢考察段落重点句首末对应原则：首末对应原则：看段落首句、尾句段中逻辑原则段中逻辑原则：段中转折、递进、因果等逻辑关系段中复现原则段中复现原则：段中一些反复重复出现的概念或说法常考例题59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion _. (2009-6)A) can attend var

18、ious trade shows freeB) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable pricesD) are gaining more and more support答案：D原文：Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its par

19、ticipation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago.66. The au

20、thor suggests at the end of the passage that couples should _. (2011-12)A) put their money together instead of keeping it separately B) make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets C) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship D) avoid arguing about money matters to remain r

21、omantic 答案：C原文：But you both need to know what youre doing, whos paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you dont have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.“新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列57. What is said about global warming in the first parag

22、raph?A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B) It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.答案：D原文：Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st cent

23、ury, but- regardless of whether it is or isnt - we wont do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.三、三、 全文题全文题什么样？什么样

24、？题干一般就问“整篇文章说了啥” “作者想要表达啥” “作者是个啥态度看法”题干问的东西全文到处有一般出现在第一题或最后一题比如：What is the passage mainly about?What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?What is the message the author intends to covey?What does the author think of green fashion?多不多？占所有题的 5%以内08-12 年 100 道题中考 2 道怎么做？怎么做？经常考察文章结构重点首段首句首（二）段中的转折后句文首的提问与回答末段总结新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列答案特征答案特征正确选项特征正确选项特征对应1.正确选项一定是对应自文中一句话2.一般不会含推理、甚至凭空臆想，也切忌照搬常识改写1.正确选项常会被原文原句进行同义改写2.可能是同义词替换、或是句式变换、以及合理概括错误选项特征错误选项特征反：与原文信息相反或对立无：出现原文未提及的信息偏：与原文信息范围不一致非：选项答非所问选词填空选词填空做题步骤做题步骤1.将每个选项的词性标注清楚2.同词性的选项放在一起 3.做题前先阅读首句 4.每个空先判断词性，再根据就近的信息和句子选择意思最适合或通顺的选项