语义翻译和交际翻译.ppt

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1、Peter Newmark“V”DiagramTranslation MethodsAbout Translation 论翻译论翻译Approaches to Translation 翻译探索翻译探索A Textbook of Translation 翻译教程翻译教程纽马克提出将文本划分为三大类：表达型文本表达型文本 (expressive text)信息型文本信息型文本 (informative text)号召型文本号召型文本 (vocative text)Peter Newmark 表达型文本表达型文本（强调原作者的 权威地位）严肃文学作品（抒情诗 小说 戏剧）权威言论（领导人政治演说）自

2、传 随笔 个人通信等 信息型文本信息型文本 （强调“真实性”）教材 专业报告 报刊文章 学术论文/著 会议纪要等 号召型文本号召型文本（号召读者思考感 受，并作出反应 或采取行动）告示 说明书 广告 宣传 劝导性文字 通俗小说等语义翻译语义翻译 交际翻译交际翻译SL Text emphasis TL emphasis Word for word Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative

3、translation“V”DiagramSL Text emphasis TL emphasis Word for word Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative translationSL Text emphasis TL emphasis Word for word Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful

4、 translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative translationSL Text emphasis TL emphasis Word for word Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative translationSL Text emphasis TL emphasis Word for w

5、ord Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative translationSL Text emphasis TL emphasis Word for word Adaptation Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Comm

6、unicative translation Word-for-word Translation Literal Translation Faithful Translation Free Translation Adaptation Idiomatic Translation Semantic Translation Communicative TranslationTranslation MethodsWord-for-word Translation 逐字翻译逐字翻译 The SL word-order is preserved and the words translated singl

7、y by their most common meanings,out of context.例例1：If Main Street didnt understand this,Wall Street did.原译原译：如果主街不理解，华尔街是理解的。改译改译：这一点，一般人不理解，华尔街那些大老板们却是明白的。例例2：He is as good as dead.原译原译：他同死一样好。改译改译：他几乎死去。Literal Translation 直译直译 The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equ

8、ivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly,out of context.当译出语和译入语在引申义和语用上相吻合时，可采用直译。直译要求再现原文的思想内容和艺术风格，要求保存原文的语法结构和基本句型，要求保存原文的比喻形象和修辞色彩，总之，直译要求双语在词语形式上 和句法结构上的对应和对等。例例1 1：I read his letter with both surprise and excitement,surprise because he is still around,excitement because he n

9、ever forgot me.译文：我读到他的来信，既惊又喜。惊的是他还健在，喜的是译文：我读到他的来信，既惊又喜。惊的是他还健在，喜的是 他一直没有忘记我。他一直没有忘记我。例例2 2：crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪 armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 chain reaction 连锁反应 gentlemens agreement 君子协定Faithful Translation 忠实翻译忠实翻译It attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the co

10、nstraints of the TL grammatical structures.例例：挪威队的时尚装扮并未影响他们的比赛状态。本周一，挪威队以9比2的比分战胜法国队，在共有十国参加的小组循环赛中位列第二。译译：Norways fashion sense hasnt affected their form with Mondays 9-2 win over France putting them second in the table in the 10-nation round-group.Free Translation 意译意译It reproduces the matter wit

11、hout the manner,or the content without the form of the original.例例1：She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth;she thinks she can do what she likes.直译：直译：她嘴里含着银勺子出生，认为可以做任何她喜欢 做的事情。意译：意译：她生长在富贵之家，认为凡事都可以随心所欲。例例2：你不要班门弄斧。直译直译：Dont display your axe at Lu Bans door.意译：意译：Never offer to teach a fish

12、to swim.Adaptation 改编改编This is the“freest”form of translation.It is used for plays and poetry;the themes,characters,plots are preserved,the SL culture converted to the TL culture and the text rewritten.例1：白发三千丈，缘愁似个长。Long,long is my whitening hair,Long,long is it laden with care.例2：今又重阳，战地黄发分外香。And

13、now the Double Ninth comes round,How sweet are yellow flowers on the battleground!例：大：哦，爸爸吃完饭还要喝茶的。（向四凤）四凤，你怎么不把那一两四块八的龙井龙井沏上，尽叫爸爸生气。HAI:Well,well,so Father would like tea after his dinner.(To Sifeng)What do you mean by it,Sifeng?Upsetting Father like that!You should have made him a pot of best-qual

14、ity Lunching its only four dollars eighty an ounce.Idiomatic Translation习语翻译习语翻译/地道翻译地道翻译It reproduces the“message”of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original.例例1：挥金如土 spend money like water例例2：Love me,love

15、my dog.爱屋及乌Semantic Translation 语义翻译语义翻译It differs from faithful translation only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text,compromising on“meaning”where appropriate so that no assonance,word-play or repetition jars in the finished version.语义翻译强调的是原文信息的传递，它更倾向于以原作和

16、源语文化为基础，力求在最大程度上展现原作的味道，这种方法指导下翻译出来的作品更加忠实于原文。适用领域及范围：1.为了介绍或传播中国文化而作的翻译为了介绍或传播中国文化而作的翻译 儒教 Confucianism 磕头 kowtow 阴 ying 阳 yang 相声 cross-talk2.在翻译文学作品中，从传播中华文化的角度来说，可在翻译文学作品中，从传播中华文化的角度来说，可采用采用“语义翻译语义翻译”法法 如：谋事在人，成事在天。（红楼梦）杨宪益夫妇：Man proposes,Heaven disposes.3.中国人姓名的翻译方法中国人姓名的翻译方法4.新闻报道新闻报道 科技文献科技文献

17、 公文信函公文信函 宣传资料宣传资料 广告广告 公共场公共场所的通知标语所的通知标语 通俗小说通俗小说 。Communicative Translation 交际翻译交际翻译Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership.交际翻译注重功能的传达，它更倾向于译作和异语文化。在这种翻译方法指导下的作品，主要注重的是读者的反应，即追求的是原作的读者反应与译作的读者反应的一致，因此它更注重信息的翻译。例例1：如：谋事在人，成事在天。（红楼梦）霍克斯：Man proposes,God Disposes.例例2：国家二级企业原译：State Second-class Enterprise交际翻译法：State-level II Enterprise 例例3：Wet paint!语义翻译：湿油漆！交际翻译：油漆未干，请勿触摸！