英语的五种基本句型.ppt

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1、英语的五种基本句型以下五种基本句式是任何英语句子的基本组成部分，其他如定语、状语等均是句子的次要或附加部分。只要掌握了这五种基本句式，当遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句式进行分析，对句子的理解也就变得容易多了。在写作中，必须写好这些最基本的句型。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：（主谓表）（主谓表）基本句型三：基本句型三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补（主谓宾宾补）简单句的五个基本句型简单句的五个基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patter

2、ns）（1）主语+不及物动词：S+Vi.Birdsfly.鸟飞Theydisappeared.他们消失了。（2）主+连系动词+表语：S+V+P，例：Sheisauniversitystudent.她是一名大学生。Hehasbecomeapilot.他已成为一名飞行员。（3）主+及物动词+宾语：S+Vt+O，例：Helikesswimming.他喜欢游泳。（4）主+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语：S+Vt+O+O，例：Itoldmyfriendthegoodnews.我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。Theysentusatelegram.他们给我们拍了电报。（5）主+及物动词+宾语+补语：S+Vt+O+

3、C，例：TheynamedtheboyJack.他们给孩子起名叫杰克。Iwanteverythingreadybyeightoclock.一在下列各句子旁括号里写出的该句的结构类型：（主谓）（主谓表）（主谓宾）（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓宾宾补）例如：Ilovemusic.()1.Thiskindoffoodtastesterrible.()2.Farmersinourareagrowlotsofvegetables.()3.Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening.()4.Hismothertoldhimnottoplayonthestreet.()5.Timewou

4、ldprovemeright.()S v psvosvsvocSVOCSvPSVOC6.Yesterdayherfatherboughtherabicycleasabirthdaypresent.()7.Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.()8.Theymadehimdirectorofthecompany.()9.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingfaster.()10.Thesebookssellwell.()11.Wehearhersingnextdoor.()12.Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.()13

5、.IhopethatIhavesaidnothingtopainyou.()14.ItoldhimwhatIthinkofhim.()15.Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstaywithus.()SVOOSVOCSVOCSVOCSVSVOCSVPSVOSVOOSVOCSVOC三.辨认主句的基本类型。1.Theactiongrouphasalsofoundacceptablepapermadefrommaterialsotherthanwood,suchasagriculturalwaste.()2.ThegirlstudentfromShanghaiwillsurelywi

6、nthegoldmedal,whichwillchangeherfate.()3.Themostimportantideabehindthekindofpartyplanningdescribedhereisthatitbringsparentsandchildrenclosertogether.()4.ProfessorLifromBeijingUniversitywillgiveusalectureonhowtoimproveourEnglishintheschoolauditoriumonMondayafternoon.（）SVOc SVOSVPSVOO5.WhenAmericansvi

7、sitEuropeforthefirsttime,theyusuallyfindGermanymore“Foreign”thanFrancebecausetheGermantheyseeonsignsandadsseemsmuchmoredifferentfromEnglishthanFrenchdoes.()6.TheplanthathemadewasthathewouldkeepadiarytopractisehisEnglishwritingeveryday.()SVOCSVP辨认主句的基本类型。1.Ifinditisdifficulttocooperatewithwhoeveralwa

8、ysstickstotheirownopinions.()1.Ifinditdifficulttocooperatewithwhoeveralwaysstickstotheirownopinions.()2.Westudentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhatwehavelearnedtopractice.()基本句型一、主语+系动词+表语S+V+P系动词be（Linkverb）：主系表结构主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear

9、,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,fall,come,grow;（是系（是系动词动词）(表表语语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smells(闻闻)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.differ

10、ent.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.表表 语语 表语是对主语的补充说明，即表达主语的特征，通常在系动词之后，有下列形式：1、名词 I am a teacher.2、代词 Thats all.3、形容词 Kate is cute.4、副词 A new film is on tonight.5、介词词组 our classroom is on the third floor.6、不定式 We are to go hiking tomorrow.7、动名词 My job is teaching you English.8、表语从句 This is w

11、hat they saw last night.ReadingThisflowerisbeautiful.Thepurpose istohelpyoulearnwellItsounds nice.Ifeltverytired/good.Theeggwentbad.Youlook worried/ill.Thebossseemedsatisfiedwithmywork.Heremainedstandinginfrontofthehouse,notdaringtocomein.Hisface turned/wentred.Heturnedteacheratlast.Thesemachineshav

12、elain idlesincethefactoryclosed.這些机器自从工厂关闭后就一直闲置Thehousehasstood emptyformonths.房子几个月来都是空空的Ourlastattemptproved successful练习一练习一:指出表语部分指出表语部分1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican（名词）2.Isityours?3.Timeisup.4.Theweatherhasturnedcold.5.Thespeechisexciting.6.Threetimessevenistwentyone?7.HisjobistoteachEngli

13、sh.8Hishobbyisplayingfootball.9.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.10.Whatisexpectedisthatthepricesofthe11.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.练习二、练习二、填空1.Dellastoodthere,looking_(sadsadly)atherselfinthemirror.2.Dellalookedvery_(sadsadly),forherpetdogdiedlastnight.3.Thenewssounds_.(encourage)4.Theplaywasso_t

14、hatnearlyeverybodywas_totears.(move)。5.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_(seat)astheplanewasmakingalanding.6.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmayget_(run)overbyacar.7._(taste)sodelicious,thefoodinthismarketwassoldoutsoon.sadlysadencouragingmovingmovedseatedrunTasting练习三、单选

15、1.Thenews_.AprovestrueB.wasprovedtrueC.areprovedtrulyD.provedtruly2.She_redwithangerassoonassheheardthenews.A.wentB.stayedC.becameD.gets3.ONhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthecoalmine,she_pale.A.gotB.changedC.appearedD.went3.Hisvoicesounds_.A.wellB.beautifullyC.excellentD.wonderfullyAACDD5.Theweatherwi

16、ll_hotforanothertwoweeks.A.lastB.remainC.getD.turn6.Thehotweatherwill _anothertwodays.A.lastB.remainC.getD.turn6.Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealth_poor.A.remainsBmaintainsC.leavesD.gets7.Iwasntsureifhewasreallyinterestedorifhe_polite.A.wasjustbeingB.willjustbeC.hadjustbeenD.wouldjustbeAAA8.

17、Wehadthoughttheexaminationwouldbedifficult,butit_easy.A.turned B.cameC.appearedD.proved9.Theactresswhohadbeenthoughthighlyof_tobeagreatdisappointment.A.turnedoutB.seemedC.lookedD.became10.-Whydontyouputthemeatinthefridge?-Itwill_freshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayedCAB12.-Doyou

18、likethematerial?”-Yes,it_verysoft.”A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt13.Thedog_mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked14Theappletasted_.A.tobegoodB.sweetlyC.wellD.sweet15.Thepoorboy_blindat3.A.turnedB.wentC.becameD.looked16.whatalovelyday!Ihopeit_fine.A.stayedB.willstayC.willgetD.turn17Whenhis

19、brothertelephonedhimlastnight,he_asleep.A.keptB.gotC.fallD.fell18.Hisgirlfriend_asinger.A.hasturnedB.growC.hasbecomeD.turned19.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt21.Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyoucanthavetimetoget_beforetheparty.A.c

20、hangedB.changingC.tobechangedD.change22.Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It_goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.A.feelsB.isfeelingC.feltD.isfelt23.Hedidntenjoytheplaybecausehe_.A.wasboringB.boredC.wasboredD.boring单句改错：单句改错：1.Heisseriousill.2.Ittastesverybadly.3.Imafraidthattheynotinnowandtheyallagainst

21、mysuggestion.4.wearealwaysmovingwhenwehearthestory.5.HealsolookedsadlywhenIlookedsadlyattheresult.6.Hesaidthathisdreamisbecomeascientist7.Healsoveryhappytohearthenews.8.Thisisthatwewanttoknow.9.Imveryexciting.10.Myhobbyisread。serious-seriouslybadly-bad加aremoved第一个sadly-sad加to加isthat-whatexciting-exc

22、itedread-reading巩固练习：巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.Her job is to look after the children in th

23、e nursery.5他失业了。他失业了。6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了黄了7这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思很有意思He is out of work.The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting1.操场现在在学校前面操场现在在学校前面 (99)1.The playground is now in front of the school.2.60%of the students are against the idea of entrance fees.(02)2.对于这个免费进场的观点对于这个免费进场的观点百分之百分

24、之60%的学生反对的学生反对英语基本句型-1 主系表句型主系表句型与与高考书面表达高考书面表达基本句型基本句型 二：二：（主谓）主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动词1.Thesunwasshining.2.Themoonrose.3.Theuniverseremains.4.Weallbreathe,eat,anddrink.5.Whocares?6.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.8.Thepenwritessmoot

25、hlyStill water runs deep.(大智若愚大智若愚)It breaks.(天亮了天亮了)Every minute counts.(分秒必爭分秒必爭)It depends.The fish wont keep.(魚不新鮮魚不新鮮)He doesnt mix.(他不合群他不合群)这类动词有：rise,arise,remain,go,come,live,stay,work,die,talk,swim,bathe,matter,appear,disappear,fly,run,fall,stand，sit,laugh.exist,apologize,arrive,belong,agr

26、ee,listen，look,hang,lie,stop,study，move，sit,sleep,play.flow,last,begin,weigh,happen,occur,break out,take place,run out,come true.go up.etc.consistconsistof;bringbacktolifecomeintobeing （不及物（不及物动词动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and d

27、rink.laughed?woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。4 419191919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。5 5每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。6 6这个重五公斤。这个重五公斤。7 7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8 8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去

28、。9 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。1.She went home very late yesterday evening.2.The meeting will last two hours.3.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.4.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.5.Classes begin at eight every

29、 day.9.My grandfather gets up early in the morning.10.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.8.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.6.This box weighs five kilos.Translate the following sentences:11.会议有可能开两个半小时.12.我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边.1

30、3.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.14他把书放在书包里,而书包却找不到了.15.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.1.Themeetingwilllasttwoandahalfhours.2.TheschoolwhereIstudyliesbythebeautifullake.3.Thechancewhichshewantedtogetforalongtimecameatlast.4.Heputthebooksintheschoolbag,buttheschoolbagdisappeared.5.Thesleepingbabysmiles.16.Barkingdogsseldombite.爱叫的狗不咬人爱叫的

31、狗不咬人.17.Awillinghelperdoesntwaituntilheisasked.18.乐于助人者总是主动助人乐于助人者总是主动助人.19.18.虽然在下大雨,但火车还是准时到达.20.Thetrainarrivedontimethoughitrainedhard.21.19.他通过乞讨为生.22.Helivesbybegging.23.20.这里有些动物已经灭绝了.24.Someanimalsherehavediedout.25.21.可怜的TOM穿得破破烂烂.26.ThepoorTomdressedpoorly.22.这个病人不可不吃东西,但要吃不含糖的东西.23.我的腿还在疼

32、.24.火已经熄灭了.25.最后他们赢了.26.1937年爆发了抗日战争.27.她不再哭了.22.Thesickmanmustnotgowithoutfood,buthemusthaveadietwithoutsugar.23.Mylegstillhurts.24.Thefirehasgoneout.25.Theywonintheend.26.TheAnti-Japanesebrokeoutin1937.27.Shedidntcryanymore.28.他一直走到山边.29.这支笔很好写。30.这些苹果很好卖.31.水果不易保鲜.32.这种布很易洗.33.她高兴地跳起来了.28.Hewalke

33、dasfarasthehillside.29.Thepenwritessmoothly.30.Theseapplessellwell.31.Fruitscantkeepwell.32.Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.33.Hejumpedwithjoy.34.你做得很好。35.表坏了。36.用石头建成的房子比用木头建的房子更耐用一些.37.李教授,很多学生想见你.是让他们在这里等还是在外面等?38.她疼得哭了起来.34.Youaredoingwell/fine.35.Theclockdoesntworknow.36.Ahousebuiltofstoneslastslon

34、gerthanthatbuiltofwood.37.ProfessorLi,manystudentswanttoseeyou.Shalltheywaithereoroutside?38.Shecriedwithpain.39.校长笑着进来了。40.这间房子的窗户朝南.41.你是谁没关系.但你会干什么有关系.42.我在这里一直等到10点钟.43.他急急忙忙地走了.44.两天后,天放晴了.39.Theheadmastercameinwithalaugh/smile.40.Thewindowofthishousefacessouth.41.Itdoesntmatterwhoyouare,butitm

35、atterswhatyoucando.42.Iwaitedhereuntil10oclock.43.Heleftinahurry.44.Twodayslater,itclearedupintheend.45.汽车的价格会下降的.46.这本杂志什么时候会出版?47.这个工程什么时候开工?48.他为什么哭了?49.这个事情怎么发生的?50.除了你,还有三个人赢了。45.Thepriceofthecarwillgodown/fall.46.Whenwillthemagazinecomeout?47.Whenwilltheprojectstart?48.Whydidhecry?49.Howdidith

36、appen?50.Besidesyou,threeotherpeoplealsowon.翻译练习翻译练习1.学生们很努力学习。2.太阳每天从东方升起。3.他突然停了下来。4.蓝色的球在动。5.事故是昨天晚上发生的。6.墙上挂着一幅画。7.现在我爷爷住在城里8.那个老人在去年冬天死的。9.这衣服容易洗。10.这笔写起来很流畅11.火星上没有生命存在。12.这个盒子重五公斤。13.当他到达车站时候，火车已经开走了14.Jack为他所犯下的错误向John道歉15.他在学习上远远落后于他的同学。基本句型基本句型 三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作

37、，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（及物动词）分三类：（1）.S+Vt+名词/代词/从句（2）.S+Vt+todosth动词有：ask,decide,expect,help,hope,learn,refuse,want,wish（3）.S+Vt+doingsth动词有：considersuggest/adviselookforwardtoexcuse/pardonadmitputoff/delay/postponefancyavoidmisskeep/keeponpracticedenyfinishenjoy/appreciatef

38、orbidimagineriskcanthelpmindallow/permitescape提示：提示：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。（实义动词实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some appl

39、es.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.巩固练习：巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。1.I wrote a letter last night.2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out t

40、he plan successfully.5.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？6.I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.7.Jim cannot dress himself.8.All of us be

41、lieve that Jack is an honest boy.9.He did not know what to say.10.Do you mind my opening the window?基本句型基本句型 四：四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.2.Shecookedh

42、erhusbandadeliciousmeal.3.Igavemycarawash.4.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.5.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.（及物）及物）（多指人）（多指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 8.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 4.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothin

43、g.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.17.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.Mymother_.a.madeacaketomeb.madeacakemec.madeformeacaked.mademeacake改错：svoo1.Theteacherexplainedusthereason.2.AllowmeintroduceyoumyfriendMr.Smith.3.Hepromisedtolendtome1000yuan.4.Remembertokeepmeinformedtheexa

44、ctdateforthemeetingincaseImlate.巩固练习：巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma

45、 told me an interesting story last night.3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5.Shall I call you a taxi?6.The new machine will save you a lot of labour.7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.基本句型基本句型 五：五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同

46、特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。（及物）（宾语）（宾补）分六类：(1).S+Vt+O+adj动词有：get(ready),cut(short),drive(mad),turn(true),set(free),think,find,wish,paint,consider,etc.(2).S+Vt+O+todosth.动词有：tell,ask,order,invite,help,get,want,advise,cause,allow,etc.(3).S+Vt+O+dosth.动词有：feel/hear,listent

47、o/make,let,have,see,watch,notice,etc.(4).S+Vt+O+doingsth.动词有：feelfind/hearlistentoseewatchobservenotice/have,get,leave,keep,setsee,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel,etc.(5).S+Vt+O+done动词有：feelfind/hearlistentoseewatchobservenotice/have,make,get,leave,keepetc.(6).S+Vt+O+noun动词有make,call,elect

48、,think,find,consider,etc.（及物）（及物）（宾语宾语）（宾补宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.例如:1.Theyappointedhimmanager.2.Theypaintedth

49、edoorgreen.3.Thissetthemthinking.4.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.5.Whatmakeshimthinkso?6.Wesawhimout.7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.8.Isawthemgettingonthebus.复复 合合 宾宾 语语 有些及物动词除了接宾语外，还接补足语，即宾语补足语，用来说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语宾语+补语补语合称为复合宾语复合宾语。宾补可以有下列形式：1、名词 They named him John.2、形容词 I consider you bright.3、介词短语 Barry

50、found himself in trouble.4、分词 I saw them playing football.5、不定式 I saw them play football.Iwishyoutobehappy?5.副词Shewishedherselfhome.Dontleavemebehind.成分P5单选练习1.Thebossmadethem_12hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workedD.working2.Theyweremade_12hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workedD.working3.Theboywaslastseen_foo