英语五种基本句型结构.ppt

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1、英语五种基本句型结构一.主 谓,一、句型1：Subject (主语)Verb (谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard. 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon. 3）Spring is coming.若不及物动词+介词也可以带宾语 The old man died of hunge

2、r. 不及物动词表见q群,二.主 谓 宾,二、句型3：Subject(主语)Verb (谓语)Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1) He took my arms. 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day. （不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4) I dont know what I should do n

3、ext. (从句),常见及物动词,1.abandon 2 absorb 3.abuse 4.accelerate 5.achieve 6.acquire 7.address 8.admire 9.adopt 10.affect 11.allocate 12.alter 13.analyse 14.appreciate 15.attain 16.attract 17.ban 18.bear 19.boost 20.break 21.cancel 22.catch 23.cause 24.celebrate 25.challenge 26. change 27. collect 28. comba

4、t 29.concentrate 30.conduct 31.confirm 32.confront 33.consume34.control 35.convey 38. cut 39. damage 40. debate 41.delay 42.deliver 43.demonstrate 44.deny 45.deserve 46. destroy 47.determine 48.develop 49. discuss,50.dismiss 51.display 52.disregard 53.disrupt 54.distract 55.distribute 56.earn 57.eas

5、e 58.eliminate 59.emphasise 60.employ 61.encounter 62.enforce 63.enhance 64.enrich 65.establish 66.examine/exam 67.exercise 68.exhibit 69. expand 70. exploit 71.explore 72.express 73.extend 75.facilitate 76. follow 77.form 79. foster 80.fulfil 81.gain 82. gather 83.generate 84.guarantee 86.handle 88

6、.hold 89. ignore 90. imitate 93.impose 94.improve 95.increase 98.lay 99.limit 100.lose,101.maintain 102.make 103.match 104. meet 107.obey 108.obtain 109. offer 111.oppose 112.overcome 113.overlook 114.perform 115.place 116.play 117.pose 118.possess 119.predict 120.preserve 121.prohibit 122.promote 1

7、23.protect 124.provide 126.pursue 127.raise 128.reach 129.receive 130.recognise 131.reduce 132.reform 133.reject 134.relieve 135.remove 136.repair 137.repeat 138. replace 139. resist 140.resolve 141.respect 142.restore 143.retain 144.reverse 145.review 146.satisfy 147.set 148.share 149.shift 150.sol

8、ve 151.spend 152.spoil 154.strengthen 155.supply 156.support 158.suspend 159.sustain 160.take 161.teach 162.transfer 163.transform 164.trigger 165.understand 166.undergo (经历)167.undertake 168.utilise 169.win 170.withdraw,三.主 系 表,三、句型2：Subject (主语)Link. V(系动词词)Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可

9、分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有： be, keep, stay, remain, look, seem, smell, taste, sound,等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious. 2) He looked worried just now. (2)表示变化。这类系动词有： become, get, turn, grow, go等。：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.,grow,

10、 turn, go变成，成为,1. grow常指逐渐地变成新状态，强调渐变的过程。 grow tall长高；grow louder（声音）大起来 2. 1)turn后面多接表示颜色的形容词作表语，也可以接表示天气的形容词作表语侧重指变得与原来截然不同。 The man turned blue with fear. The weather suddenly turned much colder. 2)注意turn后接名词作表语不带冠词 turn doctor=become a doctor=make a doctor 成为一名医生 3.1)go作为连系动词，通常与形容词连用，通常表示由好变坏或由

11、正常情况变成特殊情况。 go mad/crazy/blind/bad/hungry /wrong 2)go也可以接表示颜色的形容词作表语 Hearing this, she went red.,四.主 谓 间宾 直宾,句型4：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Indirect object (间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。 1) Her father bought her a

12、 dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children i

13、n the Long March.,英语中接双宾语的动词,award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 owe sb. sth. = owe sth.

14、 to sb. 欠某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱） post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听 return sb.sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人,英语中接双宾语的动词,1. 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看 tak

15、e sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人 teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth.

16、 = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人,2.双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词,book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物 draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取

17、某物 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物,2.双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词,order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare

18、 sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某歌 spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物 steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物 3、有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同。如bring，play等： Bring me todays paper. = Bring todays paper t

19、o for me.,五.主 谓 宾 宾补,五、句型5：Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 2) We made him our monitor.3) His father told him not to play in the street. 4）My fat

20、her likes to watch the boys playing basketball. 5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工

21、作。,接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词,advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某

22、事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事,force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do s

23、th. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事,request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事t

24、rain sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事汉语的“原谅某人做某事”， 英语可说成excuse forgive sb. for doing sth.汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth. 汉语的“安排某人做某事”，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demand o

25、f sb. to do sth.汉语的“感谢某人做某事”， 英语可说成 thank sb. for doing sth.汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.汉语的“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth,接现在分词作宾补的16个常用动词,catch sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事 discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 find sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事 get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 keep sb.

26、 doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事 have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事 listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事 look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事 stop sb. doing

27、 sth. 阻止某人做某事 prevent sb.（from）doing sth. 阻止某人做某事,a.主-系-表 b. 主-谓-宾 c. 主-谓d.主-谓-间宾-直宾 e. 主-谓-宾-宾补,1. The pain drove me mad. 2. Her explanation sounds crazy. 3. She threw him a kiss. 4. Time flies. 5. The cat caught the little mouse. 6. Many people consider the astronaut a great hero. 7. He has grown

28、very old. 8. Mike is healthy. 9. Architects design buildings. 10. She offered me some cake.,翻译练习,1.学生要保持课室清洁。 2.我发觉这本书很有趣。 3.我听到我的名字被人叫。hear 4.老师让学生一直在阅读课文。(keep) 5.我让别人修理我的车。（have，get） 6.他打算让他的孩子成为医生。（intend） 7.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物。 （用两种结构各翻译一句） 8.请把你的画给我看一下。（用两种结构各翻译一句） 9.我们必须避免再犯这样的错误。avoid 10.你介不介意我在这吸烟？mind 11.太阳每天从东方升起。 12.墙上挂着一幅画 13.这部小说很畅销。 sell 14.长大后他成为一位老师。(turn) 15.那种食物已经变质了。 16.我父母渐渐老了。,