2022年高一 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_动名词语法讲解GERUND 动名词即具有动作特点的名词.动名词是由动词原形+ ing构成,同现在分词形式一样,在句中可作主语,宾语,表语和定语.因此记住,不要以为一个动词加上ing 后都是现在进行式 .1 动名词的种类：动名词可分为两大类：1.1 名词性的动名词 Nominal Gerund ,例： Seeing is believing.Nominal Gerund可以加上定冠词 Definite article ,如 the或不定冠词Indefinite article ,如 a, an,其他可加在动名词前的仍有如：my, this, some, any, all, no

2、等等.举例如下：The mellow singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.singing 前加定冠词 the 及形容词 mellow . coming前加 theWe knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling in the bushes.rustling前加不定冠词 a 及形容词 faint从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词.但它和真正的名词仍是有区分的,那就是没有单数或复数之分.不过,有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词,如：saying, writing

3、, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding等等.它们都可以有复数的喔, 方法就是在它们的后面加个s,如： paintings .1.2 动词性的动名词 Verbal Gerund具有动词性特点可以带宾语, 例： Starving troops is necessary.Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher.上面的句子里的 writing 是动名词, 但前面有副词carelessly马虎

4、的,后面又有宾语 Objectessays.因此 writing 就有动词的特点. Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词the, a, an .2 动名词的形式：2.1 动名词的时态2.1.1 动名词的一般时：v-ing动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词的动作之后发生.I enjoy swimming in the big river.2.1.2 动名词的完成时：完成式having + v-ed动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生.We regret having been unable to inform you of the

5、meeting.The students having done the work so well made us very happy. She regret not having studied the computer hard.Do you remember having promised me that. Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important . Putting on more clothes is not so good .2.2 动名词的语态主动和被动当动名词和它的规律主语是被动关系时,

6、用动名词的被动形式来表示.2.2.1 一般式的被动形式being + v-ed He dislikes being interrupted in his speech. They couldnt stand being treated like that.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I cant really stand being treated like that.2.2.2 完成式的被动语态having been + v-edI heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team. Some of o

7、ur customers complained of having been treated rudely.2.2.3 在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后的动名词作为宾语 ,要用主动语态来表示被动的意思.The flowers in the garden want watering.Thats one of those questions that really dont need answering.2.3 动名词的否认形式： not + 动名词 直接在其前加否认词,not v-ing, not having doneHe pretend not know

8、ing it at all. We considered not doing it now.什么是动名词的规律主语了？在句子中,除了原有的主语之外,属于动名词的 主语 ,也就称为 规律主语 ,一般位于动名词的前面.His being looked down upon made him sick.2.4.1 做主语的动名词,在动名词前加 物主代词如：my, his. 或 名词全部格 如： Marys,Dogs.His coming here helped us a lot. 主语/规律主语 his, 动名词 comingToms escaping from the prison made tro

9、uble for the jailer. 主语 /规律主语 Tom,动名词 escaping2.4.2 作宾语 Object 的动名词有自己的规律主语时,在动名词前加物主代词 或 名词全部格Do you mind my smoking in the romm. 规律主语 my, 动名词 smoking He insisted on Marys staying there.规律主语 Mary, 动名词 staying 作为规律主语的名词 /代词为无生命时,就用通格of the:I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among in

10、timate friends. 规律主语 news2.4.3 在以下情形中,不能使用全部格：代词为 all, both, each, few, several, some, this等作为规律主语时 : I remember all of them saying it .数词、名词化形容词如the three, the old.作规律主语时：In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believeit.结构中的规律主语是名子或短语,或受从句或短语修饰时：Is there any chance of the people

11、in the back of the room talking a little louder.3 动名词的功能与用法3.1 在句子中用作主语Subject3.1.1 作主语 动名词做主语时,谓语动词通常为单数Listening to music gives me pleasure. Running is good exercise.Walking to school is a good idea.3.1.2 动名词可以用it先行词代替,而把动名词写在后面.it做形式主语Its no use waiting here, lets go home. Its very difficult clim

12、bing this mountain. 用 It + be + . +v-ing句型It is fun speaking English.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It is of great importance fighting against pollution.用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun等的句型 its no good; its no/little/hardlyany/ use; its not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhileIt is no use learning theory wit

13、hout practice. It is no fun being lost in rain.用 It is后接 useless, nice, harm, good, interesting, worthwhile等的句型It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.3.1.3 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型There is no joking about such matters. There is no getting along with him.3.2 动名词作宾语 Object3.2.1 作动词 / 动词短语的

14、宾语 置于动词或动词短语的后面例： I would appreciate back this afternoon.A you to call B you call C you calling D youre calling Key： C.换成 your calling 也对1. I cannot help laughing.我禁不住笑了起来 宾语 laughing2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister.宾语 quarrelling3. You should practice speaking English more.宾语 speaki

15、ng只能用动名词作宾语acknowledge 承认. admit 接受. appreciate; avoid 防止. celebrate; consider 认为 ; contemplate 凝视 凝视; deny 否认. defer 推迟 延期 ; delay耽搁. detest 憎恨,厌恶 ; discontinue; dislike不喜爱 ; dispute; enjoy享受. escape防止. excuse 原谅. explain; fancy 想象; finish 完成; forgive;hinder; imagine想象 ; keep; include包括. mention; m

16、ind 介意 ; miss 错过; it necessitates; pardon; postpone 推迟 ; practice 实践 ; prevent; recall; repent 后悔. report; resent 怨恨 ;resist 抗击 ; risk 冒风险 ;suggest 建议 ; understand仍有短语类：keep on 连续 dont mind不介意 cannot help 不禁 feel like; give up 舍弃 put off推迟leave off 停止 burst out 闯出 .另外仍有一些接 -ing 形式的常用说法cant help;it e

17、ntails; it involves; it means; spend money/time; theres no point in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/point.有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和 -ing 形式,但意义截然不容.例： remember to do/doing ：I remembered to post the letters. 指将来 /过去将来将要做的动作I remembered posting/h

18、aving posted the letters. 我记得做过这个动作forget 与 remember 的用法类似.regret 的用法：I regret to inform you that. 我很遗憾的通知你I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.为了 二十年前的离开 而遗憾.try to 努力与 try +-ing 试验：You really must try to overcome your shyness.Try practicing five hours a day3.2.2 作介词 Preposition 的宾语

19、Object1. Im sorry for giving you so much trouble. 介词 for ,宾语 giving2. The book is worth reading. 介词 worth,宾语 reading可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. I reached him by calling his office. 介词 by, 宾语 calling4. The police arrested 逮捕 him for speeding. 介词 for,宾语 speeding留意：在以下的句子结构中,介词in 被省略掉：1. She is busy in

20、correcting her exercises.2. He spent two hours in reading book.3. There is no use in talking with him now.4. Is it any good in taking cold water baths.3.2.3 作 名词+介词 的宾语1. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. pleasure of +宾语 speaking2. He takes a great interest in studying languages.

21、 interest in +宾语 studying这一类 名词+介词 的仍有：danger offear ofobjection todelight tohabit ofopportunity for /ofexcuse forexperience inlove inreason for.3.3 表语 predicativeThe nurses job is looking after the patients. My cats favorite activity is sleeping.Seeing is believing.3.4 作定语 Attribute 动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为

22、定语,表示该名词的用途或有关的动作.1. sleeping car卧车2. walking stick手杖3. printing shop印务馆4. reading room阅读室5. swimming pool泳池6. washing machine洗衣机7. dining room饭厅4 动名词复习中应留意的几个问题1动名词作宾语.以下动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagin

23、e, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit.以下动词短语接动名词：leave off,put off,give up, lookforwardto, feel like, havetrouble / difficultyin doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth.介词后要接动名词. what about 、how about 、without 、be fond of 、be good at 等介词后接动名词.留意 on / upon doing sth. =

24、 as soon as 引导的从句中.作此意讲时 on / upon 后也可以接名词.如 on his arrival. .动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区分：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand remember, forget, regret, try例句解析1. It began to rain. It began raining.2. It was beginning to snow.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. I love lying to lieon m

25、y back.4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to.5. I dont prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差异,但谓语动词用进行时,后面只跟不定式.2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语,假如表示某一特定的或详细的行动,多接不定式.例句解析1. I remember to meet her at the station. I remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday.I forgo

26、t to tell you about it. Now here it is.3. I regret not having working hard.I regret to hear of your sisters death.4. Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready.5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday.4. try to do sth. 设法,试图try doing sth. 试试看,试一试5. me

27、an to do sth.准备做 .,想要 mean doing sth. 意味着,就是want, require, need例句解析These desks need repairing. These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examinedThe patient required to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做need to be done 需要被做2. want doing want to be done3. require doing require to be done可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载