高中化学基础概念理论总结（Theoretical summary of basic concepts in senior high school chemistry）.doc

《高中化学基础概念理论总结（Theoretical summary of basic concepts in senior high school chemistry）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中化学基础概念理论总结（Theoretical summary of basic concepts in senior high school chemistry）.doc（8页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高中化学基础概念理论总结（Theoretical summary of basic concepts in senior high school chemistry）Theoretical summary of basic concepts in senior high school chemistry1. oxides that react with water to produce acids are acidic oxidesThe error is that an oxide that produces only acid can be defined as an acid oxide

2、The greater the bond energy in 2. molecules, the more stable the molecular chemical properties.Correct3. the metal activity order in which the metal in front of hydrogen can displace hydrogen from the acid solutionError, Sn, Pb and other reactions are not obvious, encountered weak acid almost does n

3、ot react; while in the strong oxidizing acid may not get H2, such as nitric acid4. the substance that reacts with the acid and reacts with the base is either an amphoteric oxide or an amphoteric hydroxideErrors such as SiO2 can react with HF/NaOH at the same time, but it is an acid oxide5. atom of t

4、he outermost layer of e- is less than or equal to 2 is a metal atom; the outer metal atom electron number is 1/2/3/4/5/6/7Wrong, outside the atomic nucleus of the outermost layer of e- is less than or equal to 2 can be He, H and other non metal atoms; the outer metal atom electron number is 1/2/3/4/

5、5/6, 117 metal elements in the outermost layer of 7e- has no clear conclusion6. nonmetal atoms are weak in oxidation, and the reducibility of their anions is strongerCorrect7. of the total number of protons, the same two kinds of particles have the same number of electrons can be: (1) atoms; (2) ato

6、ms and molecules; (3) molecules and molecules of atoms and ions; (4); (5) molecules and ions; (6) anion and cation cation (7); He Yang ionError, these groups are not: (4) atoms and ions; (5) molecules and ions; (6) anions and cations; (7) cations and cations8., salt and alkali react to produce new s

7、alts and bases; acids and bases react only to produce salts and waterWrong, such as 10HNO3+3Fe (OH) 2=3Fe (NO3) 3+NO = +8H2OThe two acids of 9.pH=2 and pH=4 are mixed, and the pH value of the mixture must be between 2 and 4Wrong, such as 2H2S+H2SO3=3S: +3H2O10. strong electrolytes are ionic in the i

8、onic equationThe strong electrolyte and H2SO4 that are insoluble in water should be written as moleculesThe 11. ionization compounds only H+ cation can make purple litmus redWrong, like water12. formic acid ionization equation is: HCOOH=H+ + COOH-Error first, ionization is reversible, followed by fo

9、rmate ion should be HCOO-13. ionic crystals are ionic compounds, and molecular crystals are covalent compoundsMany molecules are elementary substances14. generally, metal oxides, colloidal particles of metal hydroxides, are positively chargedCorrectIn the 15. element periodic table, the number of el

10、ements in each cycle satisfies 2n2 (n is the natural number)Yes, note that n is not a periodic ordinalThe strong solution of the 16. strong electrolyte is stronger than the concentrated solution of the weak electrolyteA weak solution with a strong electrolyte solubility, concentrated solution with a

11、 weak electrolyte due to incomplete ionization, a weak conductivity, such as a saturated solution of BaSO4In the 17. standard, the total number of carbon atoms in CO and CO2 mixed with 22.4L at any proportion is about NACorrect18. at the same pressure, with the quality of two kinds of gas volume rat

12、io is equal to two kinds of inverse gas densityCorrectThe diameter of the ultrafine powder particles in the 19. nanometer material is in the same order of magnitude as that of the colloidal particlesCorrect, both are 10-100nmWhen 20.1molOH- discharges completely during electrolysis, the circuit pass

13、es through NA electronsRight, 4OH- + O2 = 4e- = 2H2O21. the amount of Na2SO3, Na2S, NaHSO3 and H2SO3 in the same volume and mass concentration decreases in turnCorrect, it is suggested that the conservation of electricity from the angle of understandingThe relative atomic mass of 22. carbon -12 is 1

14、2, and the molar mass of carbon -12 is 12g/molCorrect23., electrolysis, electrophoresis, ionization and electrochemical corrosion all need to be carried out under electrified conditions, all of which are chemical changesError, ionization does not require energization, electrochemical corrosion itsel

15、f produces local current, electrophoresis is a physical changeTwenty-fourOil, starch, protein, phenol, ethylene, nitroglycerin, sodium alum, Al2S3, Mg3N2, CaC2, etc. under certain conditions can undergo hydrolysisError, ethylene hydrolysisThe presence of K+ and Cl- 25. potassium chloride crystal; so

16、dium peroxide in the presence of Na+ and O- for 1:1; Si, O atoms exist only in quartzThe error in Na+ and O2 2-, sodium hydroxide 2:1, without O-, the presence of impurities in quartz26., NA NO2 gas molecules in a standard condition, the volume of about 22.4LError, NO2 will partially double poly as

17、N2O427. at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, 32g oxygen contains NA oxygen molecules; 60gSiO2 contains NA molecules, 3NA atomsError, there are no molecules in SiO228. particles that make up molecular crystals must contain covalent bondsA rare gas in solid state in the form of a monatomic mo

18、lecule crystal29., colloids produce electrophoresis, so colloids do not carry chargesError, colloid with chargeThe smaller the pH value of the 30. solution is, the more hydrogen ion it containsError does not indicate volume31. only anions exist in ionic compoundsError. The anions in the solution exi

19、st in the form of hydrationThe melting of 32. atomic crystals requires destruction of polar bonds or nonpolar covalent bondsCorrect33.NH3, Cl2, SO2 and so on are all non electrolytesError, Cl2 is neither electrolyte nor non electrolyteThe melting point of 34. molecule crystals is not necessarily low

20、er than that of metal crystalsRight. For example, Hg is liquid at normal temperature35., the melting point of the same primary group elements does not necessarily rise from top to bottom, but the melting point of the hydride risesThe melting point of hydrides is not necessarily higher than that of h

21、ydrogen bonds36. after electrolysis of copper sulfate solution or silver nitrate solution, the acidity of the solution will increaseError, if Cu is used as anode, electrolytic acidity will be reducedIn 37. sodium chloride crystals, there are 6 nearest and equal sodium ions around each sodium ionWron

22、g, there are 1238. 1L 1mol/L FeCl3 solution is completely hydrolyzed to produce colloidal particles of NAThe error is far smaller than NA, and a colloidal particle in the colloid is made up of many ions39. in HF, PCl3, P4, CO2, SF6 and other molecules, all atoms meet the outermost 8e- structureError, HF and SF6 are not satisfied40., the outermost layer of metal elements less electronic, must be more than the outermost electronic number of metal elements more livelyErrors such as Ag and Ca