考研英语真题解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！考研英语真题解析 考研英语真题 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。(10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work。Today is no di

2、fferent，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers。Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2。A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland。A different and not mutually

3、exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5，people will simply become lazy and depressed。6，today欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！s unemployed dont seem to be having a great time。One Gallup poll fo

4、und that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans。Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-pa

5、id jobs。Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future。But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease。Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment。In the 13 of work

6、，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure。Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown。“Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of

7、 Ireland in Galway。These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs。“When I come home from a hard days work，I often feel 18，”Danaher says，addin

8、g，“In a world in which I dont have to work，I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters。1。A boasting B denying C warning D ensuring 2。A inequality B instability C unreliability D uncertainty

9、 3。A policy Bguideline C resolution D prediction 4。A characterized Bdivided C balanced Dmeasured 5。A wisdom B meaning C glory D freedom 6。A Instead B Indeed C Thus D Nevertheless 7。A rich B urban Cworking D educated 8。A explanation B requirement C compensation D substitute 9。A under B beyond C along

10、side D among 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！10。A leave behind B make up C worry about D set aside 11。A statistically B occasionally C necessarily D economically 12。A chances B downsides C benefits D principles 13。A absence B height C face D course 14。A disturb B restore C exclude D y

11、ield 15。A model B practice C virtue D hardship 16。A tricky B lengthy C mysterious D scarce 17。A demands B standards C qualities D threats 18。A ignored B tired C confused D starved 19。A off B against C behind D into 20。A technological B professional C educational D interpersonal Section II Reading Co

12、mprehension Text 2 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！With so much focus on childrens use of screens，its easy for parents to forget about their own screen use。“Tech is designed to really suck on you in，”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play，“and digital products are there to pr

13、omote maximal engagement。It makes it hard to disengage，and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine。”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise。She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise star

14、ted 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children。During a separate observation，she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family。Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention。Infants

15、are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world，and if those faces are blank and unresponsive as they often are when absorbed in a deviceit can be extremely disconcerting foe the children。Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供

16、优质的文档！developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s。In it，a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention。“Par

17、ents dont have to be exquisitely parents at all times，but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need，”says Radesky。On the other hand，Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of scre

18、ens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children：“Its based on a somewhat fantasized，very white，very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30，000 words you are neglecting them。”Tronick belie

19、ves that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value to itparticularly if it gives parents time to have a shower，do housework or simply have a break from their child。Parents，he says，can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out

20、of the 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！way。This can make them feel happier，which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time。According to Jenny Radesky，digital products are designed to _。A simplify routine matters B absorb user attention C better interpersonal rela

21、tions D increase work efficiency Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices _。A takes away babies appetite B distracts childrens attention C slows down babies verbal development D reduces mother-child communication Radeskys cites the“still face experiment”to show that _。A it is

22、 easy for children to get used to blank expressions 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange C children are insensitive to changes in their parents mood D parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs The oppressive ideology me

23、ntioned by Tronick requires parents to_。A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies B teach their kids at least 30，000 words a year C ensure constant interaction with their children D remain concerned about kids use of screens According to Tronick，kid s use of screens may_。A give their parents so

24、me free time B make their parents more creative C help them with their homework D help them become more attentive 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Text 3 Today，widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving wo

25、rld often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year。After all，if everyone you know is going to college in the fall，it seems silly to stay back a year，doesnt it?And after going to school for 12 years，it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt ac

26、ademic。But while this may be true，its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years。Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated“race to the finish line，”whether that be toward graduate school，medical school or lucrative career。But despite common misconce

27、ptions，a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact，it probably enhances it。Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！

28、我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Rather than pulling students back，a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence，new responsibilities and environmental changesall things that first-year students often struggle with the most。Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to colle

29、ge and being thrown into a brand new environment，making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders。If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests，then consider its financial impact on future academic choices。According to th

30、e National Center for Education Statistics，nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once。This isnt surprising，considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applicati

31、ons，but switching to another after taking college classes。Its not necessarily a bad thing，but depending on the school，it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game。At Boston College，for example，you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing scho

32、ol from 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！another department。Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on。One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that。A they think it academically misleading B they have a

33、lot of fun to expect in college C it feels strange to do differently from others D it seems worthless to take off-campus courses Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps。A keep students from being unrealistic B lower risks in choosing careers C ease freshmen s financial b

34、urdens D relieve freshmen of pressures The word“acclimation”(Line 8，Para。3)is closest in meaning to。A adaptation 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B application C motivation D competition A gap year may save money for students by helping them。A avoid academic failures B establish long-t

35、erm goals C switch to another college D decide on the right major The most suitable title for this text would be。A In Favor of the Gap Year B The ABCs of the Gap Year C The Gap Year Comes Back D The Gap Year：A Dilemma Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states，the growing frequency o

36、f wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars，says 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Professor Max Moritz，a specialist in fire ecology and management。In 20XX，the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget f

37、ighting firesnearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago。In effect，fewer federal funds today are going towards the agencys other worksuch as forest conservation，watershed and cultural resources management，and infrastructure upkeepthat affect the lives of all Americans。Another

38、nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts。As Moritz puts it，how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole c

39、ountry，”he says。”We need to take a magnifying glass to that。Like，“Wait a minute，is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US

40、society today views fire，researchers say。For one thing，conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive。Over the past decade，the focus has been on climate changehow the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires。While climate is a key element，Moritz

41、says，it shouldnt come at the expense of the rest of the equation。“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked，and the interactions go both ways，”he says。Failing to recognize that，he notes，leads to“an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be。Our perception of the problem a

42、nd of what the solution is becomes very limited。”At the same time，people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity，says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado。But acknowledging fire s inevitable presence in human life is an attit

43、ude crucial to developing the laws，欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！policies，and practices that make it as safe as possible，she says。“We ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire，”Balch says。“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection

44、with fire today。”More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 20XX they。A exhausted unprecedented management efforts B consumed a record-high percentage of budget C severely damaged the ecology of western states D caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure Moritz calls for

45、 the use of“a magnifying glass”to。A raise more funds for fire-prone areas B avoid the redirection of federal money C find wildfire-free parts of the landscape D guarantee safer spending of public funds While admitting that climate is a key element，Moritz notes that。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们

46、将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A public debates have not settled yet B fire-fighting conditions are improving C other factors should not be overlooked D a shift in the view of fire has taken place The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to。A discover the fundamental makeup of nature B explor

47、e the mechanism of the human systems C maximize the role of landscape in human life D understand the interrelations of man and nature Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should。A do away with B come to terms with C pay a price for D keep away from Part B 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请

48、联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Directions：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column。There are two extra choices in the right column。Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。(10 points)The decline in American manufacturing i

49、s a common refrain，particularly from Donald Trump。“We dont make anything anymore，”he told Fox News，while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line。Without question，manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades，and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks co

50、uld hit manufacturing。But there is also a different way to look at the data。Across the country，factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge：instead of having too many workers，they may end up with too few。Despite trade competition and outsourcing，American manufacturing still needs to replace