2018年英语专业八级真题.pdf

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1、QUESTION BOOKLETQUESTION BOOKLET试卷用后随即销毁。严禁保留、出版或复印。TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2018)TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2018)-GRADE EIGHT-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIIT TIME LIMIIT：150 MIN150 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION 25 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION 25 MINSECTION A MINI-LECTURESECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this

2、section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the lecture ONCEONLY.While listening to mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task onANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.Make sure youfill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank

3、sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Nowlistento the mini-lecture.When it is over,you will be givenTHREEminutesto check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWSECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview.The interview will be divided intoTWO parts.At

4、 the end of eachpart,fivequestionswillbe askedaboutwhatwas said.Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each questiontherewillbe a ten-secondpause.Duringthe pause,you shouldreadthe fourchoicesof A),B),C)and D),and mark the best answerto each questionon ANSWERSHEET TWO.You

5、 have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now,listen to the first interview.Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of theinterview.Now listen to the interview.1.A.Announcement of results.B.Lack of a time schedule.C.Slowness in ballots counting.D.Direction of the electoral events.2.A.Other voices w

6、ithin Afghanistan wanted so.B.The date had been set previously.C.All the ballots had been counted.D.The UN advised them to do so.3.A.To calm the voters.B.To speed up the process.C.To stick to the election rules.D.To stop complaints from the labor.4.A.Unacceptable.B.Unreasonable.C.Insensible.D.Ill co

7、nsidered.5.A.Supportive.B.Ambivalent.C.Opposed.D.Neutral.Now listening to Part Two of the interview.Questions6 to 10 are based on Part Twoof the interview.6.A.Ensure the government includes all parties.B.Discuss who is going to be the winner.C.Supervise the counting of votes.D.Seek support from impo

8、rtant sectors.7.A.36%-24%.B.46%-34%.C.56%-44%.D.66%-54%.8.A.Both candidates.B.Electoral institutions.C.The United Nations.D.Not specified.9.A.It was unheard of.B.It was on a small scale.C.It was insignificant.D.It occurred elsewhere.10.A.Problems in the electoral process.B.Formation of a new governm

9、ent.C.Premature announcement of results.D.Democracy in Afghanistan.PARTPART READING COMPREHENSION 25 MIN READING COMPREHENSION 25 MINSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choicequestions.For each

10、multiple choice question,there are four suggested answersmarkedA,B,C and D.Choosethe one that you think is the best answerand mark youranswer on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEPASSAGE ONE (1)“Britains best export,”I was told by the Department of Immigrationin Canberra,“is people.”Close on 100,000 peopl

11、e have applied for assistedpassages in the first five months of the year,and half of these are eventuallyexpected to migrate to Australia.(2)The Australian are delighted.They are keenly ware that without a strongflowflowof immigrants into the workforce the development of the Australian economyis unl

12、ikely to proceed at the ambitious pace currently envisaged.The new mineraldiscoveries promise a splendid future,and theinjectioninjection of huge amounts ofAmerican and British capital should help to ensure that they are properlyexploited,but with unemployment in Australiadown to less than per cent,

13、thegovernment is understandably anxious to attract more skilled labor.(3)Australia is roughly the same size as the continental United States,buthas only twelve million inhabitants.Migration has accounted for half thepopulation increase in the last fouryears,and has contributed greatly to thecountrys

14、 impressive economic development.Britain has always been theprincipal source ninety per cent of Australians are of British descent,andBritain has provided one million migrants since the Second World War.(4)Australia has also given great attention to recruiting people elsewhere.Australians decided th

15、ey had an excellent potential source of applicants amongthe so-called“guest workers”who have crossed their own frontiers to workin other arts of Europe.There were estimated to be more than four million ofthem,and a large number were offered subsidized passages and guaranteed jobsin Australia.Italy h

16、as for some years been the second biggest source of migrants,and the Australians have also managed to attract a large number of Greeks andGermans.(5)One drawback with them,so far as the Australians are concerned,is thatintegration tends to be more difficult.Unlike the British,continental migrantshav

17、e to struggle with an unfamiliar language and new customs.Many naturallygravitategravitatetowards the Italian or Greek communities which have grown up in citiessuch as Sydney and Melbourne.These colonies have their own newspapers,theirown shops,and their own clubs.Their habitants are not Australians

18、,butEuropeans.(6)The governments avowed aim,however,is to maintain“a substantiallyhomogeneous society into which newcomers,from whatever sources,will mergethemselves”.By and large,therefore,Australia still prefers British migrants,and tends to be rather lessselectiveselective in their case than it i

19、s with others.(7)A far bigger cause of concerns than the growth of national groups,however,is the increasing number of migrants who return to their countries of origin.One reason is that people nowadays tend to be more mobile,and that it is easierthan in the past to save the return fare,but economic

20、 conditions also havesomething to do with it.A slower rate of growth invariably produces discontent and if this coincides with greater prosperity in Europe,a lot of people tendto feel that perhaps they were wrong to come here after all.(8)Several surveys have been conducted recently into the reasons

21、 why peoplego home.One noted that“flies,dirt,and outside lavatories”were on the listof complaints from British immigrants,and added that many people alsocomplained about“the crudity,bad manners,and unfriendliness oftheAustralians”.Another survey gave climate conditions,homesickness,and“thestark appe

22、arance of the Australian countryside”as the main reasons forleaving.(9)Most British migrants miss council housing the National Health scheme,and their relatives and former neighbor.Loneliness is a big factor,especiallyamong housewives.The men soon make new friends at work,but wives tend to findit mu

23、ch harder to get used to a different way of life.Many are housebound becauseofinadequatepublictransportinmostoutlyingsuburbs,andregularcorrespondence with their old friends at home only serves to increase theirdiscontent.One housewife was quoted recently as saying:“I even find I missthe people I use

24、d to hate at home.”(10)Rent are high,and there are long waiting lists for Housing Commissionhomes.Sickness can be an expensive business and the climate can be unexpectedlyrough.The gap between Australian and British wage packets is no longer big,and people are generally expected to work harder here

25、than they do at home.Professional men over forty often have difficulty in finding a decent job.Aboveall,perhaps,skilled immigrants often finds a considerable reluctance to accepttheir qualifications.(11)According to the journalAustralianManufacturer,the attitude of manyemployers and fellow workers i

26、s anything but friendly.“We Australians,”itstated in a recent issue,“are just too fond of painting the rosy picture ofthe big,warm-hearted Aussie.As a matter of fact,we are so busy blowing ourown trumpets that we have not not time to be warm-hearted and considerate.Godown“heart-break alley”among som

27、e of the migrants and find out just howexpansive the Aussie is to his immigrants.”11.The Australians want a strong flow of immigrants because .A.Immigrants speed up economic expansionB.unemployment is down to a low figureC.immigrants attract foreign capitalD.Australia is as large as the United State

28、s12.Australia prefers immigrants from Britain because .A.they are selected carefully before entryB.they are likely to form national groupsC.they easily merge into local communitiesD.they are fond of living in small towns13.In explaining why some migrants return to Europe the author .A.stresses their

29、 economic motivesB.emphasizes the variety of their motivesC.stresses loneliness and homesicknessD.emphasizes the difficulties of men over forty14.which of the following words is used literally,not metaphorically?A.“flow”(Para.2).B.“injection”(Para.2).C.“gravitate”(Para.5).D.“selective”(Para.6).15.Pa

30、ra.11 pictures the Australians as .A.unsympatheticB.ungenerousC.undemonstrativeD.unreliablePASSAGE TWOPASSAGE TWO (1)Some of the advantages of bilingualism include better performance attasks involving“executive function”(which involves the brains ability toplan and prioritize),better defense against

31、 dementia in old age andtheobviousthe ability to speak a second language.One purported advantage wasnot mentioned,though.Many multilinguals report different personalities,oreven different worldviews,when they speak their different languages.(2)Its an exciting notion,the idea that ones very self coul

32、d bebroadened by the mastery of two or more languages.In obvious ways(exposureto new friends,literature and so forth)the self really is broadened.Yet itis different to claimas many people do to have a different personality whenusing a different language.A formerEconomistcolleague,for example,reporte

33、dbeing ruder in Hebrew than in English.So what is going on here?(3)Benjamin Lee Whorf,an American linguist who died in 1941,held that eachlanguage encodes a worldview that significantly influences its speakers.Oftencalled“Whorfianism”,this idea has its sceptics,but there are still goodreasons to bel

34、ieve language shapes thought.(4)This influence is not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammarof a second language.Significantly,most people are not symmetrically bilingual.Many have learned one language at home from parents,and another later in life,usually at school.So bilinguals usually ha

35、ve different strengths and weaknessesin their different languages and they are not always best in their firstlanguage.For example,when tested in a foreign language,people are less likelyto fall into a cognitive trap(answering a test question with an obvious-seemingbut wrong answer)than when tested i

36、n their native language.In part this isbecause working in a second language slows down the thinking.No wonder peoplefeel different when speaking them.And no wonder they feel looser,morespontaneous,perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter,in the language theywere reared in from childhood.(5)What

37、of“crib”bilinguals,raised in two languages?Even they do notusually have perfectly symmetrical competence in their two languages.But evenfor a speaker whose two languages are very nearly the same in ability,thereis another big reason that person will feel different in the two languages.Thisisbecauset

38、hereisanimportantdistinctionbetweenbilingualismandbiculturalism.(6)Many bilinguals are not bicultural.But some are.And of those biculturalbilinguals,we should be little surprised that they feel different in their twolanguages.Experiments in psychology have shown the power of“priming”smallunnoticed f

39、actors that can affect behavior in big ways.Asking people to tella happy story,for example,will put them in a better mood.The choice betweentwo languages is a huge prime.Speaking Spanish rather than English,for abilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York,might conjure feelings offamily and ho

40、me.Switching to English might prime the same person to think ofschool and work.(7)So there are two very good reasons(asymmetrical ability,and priming)that make people feel different speaking their different languages.We are stillleft with a third kind of argument,though.An economist recently intervi

41、ewedhere at Prospero,Athanasia Chalari,said for example that:Greeks are very loud and they interrupt each other very often.The reasonfor that is the Greek grammar and syntax.When Greeks talk they begin theirsentences with verbs and the form of the verb includes a lot of information soyou already kno

42、w what they are talking about after the first word and caninterrupt more easily.(8)Is there something intrinsic to the Greek language that encourages Greeksto interrupt?People seem to enjoy telling tales about their languages inherentproperties,andhowtheyinfluencetheirspeakers.AgroupofFrenchintellec

43、tual worthies once proposed,rather self-flatteringly,that French bethe sole legal language of the EU,because of its supposedly unmatchable rigorand precision.Some Germans believe that frequently putting the verb at the endof a sentence makes the language especially logical.But language myths are not

44、always self-flattering:many speakers think their languages are unusuallyillogical or difficultwitness the plethoraof books alongthe lines of Onlyin English do you park on a driveway and drive on a parkway;English must bethe craziest language in the world!We also see some unsurprising overlap withnat

45、ional stereotypes and self-stereotypes:French,rigorous;German,logical;English,playful.Of course.(9)In this case,Ms Chalari,a scholar,at least proposed a specific andplausible line of causation from grammar to personality:in Greek,the verb comesfirst,and it carries a lot of information,hence easy int

46、errupting.The problemis that many unrelated languages all around the world put the verb at thebeginning of sentences.Many languages all around the world are heavilyinflected,encoding lots of information in verbs.It would be a striking findingif all of these unrelated languages had speakers more pron

47、e to interrupting eachother.Welsh,for example,is also both verb-first and about as heavily inflectedas Greek,but the Welsh are not known as pushy conversationalists.16.According to the author,which of the following advantages of bilingualismis commonly accepted?A.Personality improvement.B.Better tas

48、k performance.C.Change of worldviews.D.Avoidance of old-age disease.17.According to the passage,that language influences thought may be relatedto .A.the vocabulary of a second language B.the grammar of a second language C.the improved test performance in a second language D.the slowdown of thinking

49、in a second language18.What is the authors response to the question at the beginning of Para.8?A.Its just one of the popular tales of national stereotypes.B.Some properties inherent can make a language logical.C.German and French are good examples of Whorfianism.D.There is adequate evidence to suppo

50、rt a positive answer.19.Which of the following statements concerning Para.9 is correct?A.Ms.Chalaris theory about the Greek language is well grounded.B.Speakers of many other languages are also prone to interrupting.C.Grammar is unnecessarily a condition for change in personality.D.Many unrelated la