2023年考研英语完形填空真题解析.doc

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1、1. 2023年考研英语完形填空真题解析Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes2. that young adults experience. 3. And they also need to 4. give serious 21 thought to5. how they can be best 22 accommodate such changes. 6. Growing bodies need movement and 23exercise , 7. but not ju

2、st in ways that emphasize competition. 但是不能只注重比赛8. 24 Because they are adjusting to their new bodies 9. and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, 一大堆10. teenagers are especially self-conscious 11. and need the 25 confidence 12. that comes from achieving success 13. and knowing t

3、hat their accomplishments 14. are 26 admired by others. 15. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition 16. that it would be 27 to plan activities 17. in which there are more winners than losers, 因此安排一些赢者多，输者少的活动是很明智的18. 28 for example , 19. publishing newslette

4、rs 出版时事通讯 刊印业务通讯20. with many student-written book reviews, 21. 29 displaying student artwork, and 22. sponsoring book discussion clubs. 赞助23. A variety of small clubs 24. can provide 30 multiple opportunities for leadership, 为培养领导才干提供多种机会 25. multiple 多种的，倍数， 26. leadership 领导能力，领导层27. as well as f

5、or practice in successful 31 group dynamics. 为成功的群体动力提供练习28. dynamics 力学，动力学29. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, 30. and many shy students 31. need the 32 security of some kind of organization 需要加入某个组织以获得安全感32. with a supportive adult 33 barely visible in the backgrounda) 需要有一位成人在

6、只有后台看到见的地方提供支持In these activities, 33. it is important to remember that the young teens 34. have 34 short attention spans. 注意力连续时间很短35. A variety of activities should be organized 36. 35 so that participants can remain active as long as they want 这样参与活动的人就能想活动多久就活动多久37. and then go on to 36something

7、 else 然后就可以做一些其它的事情38. without feeling guilty 39. and without letting the other participants 37 down . 也不会让其它参与者失望40. This does not mean that 这并不是说41. adults must accept irresponsibility. 大人必须接受不负责任的做法42. 38 On the contrary 43. they can help students acquire a sense of commitment 获得一种责任感44. by 39pla

8、nning for roles 45. that are within their 40 capability 他们力所能及46. and their attention spans 又在他们注意力时间范围47. and by having clearly stated rules. 通过制定清楚的活动规则Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21

9、 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes

10、 from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written

11、 book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of orga

12、nization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling gu

13、ilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.A thoughtBideaC opinionD

14、advice22.A strengthenB accommodateC stimulateD enhance23.A careB nutritionC exerciseD leisure24.A IfB AlthoughC WhereasD Because25.A assistanceB guidanceC confidenceD tolerance26.A claimedB admiredC ignoredD surpassed27.A improperB riskyC fairD wise28.A in effectB as a resultC for exampleD in a sens

15、e29.A displayingB describingC creatingD exchanging30.A durableB excessiveC surplusD multiple31.A groupB individualC personnelD corporation32.A consentB insuranceC admissionD security33.A particularlyB barelyC definitelyD rarely34.A similarB longC differentD short35.A if onlyB now thatC so thatD even

16、 if36.A everythingB anythingC nothingD something37.A offB downC outD alone38.A On the contraryC On the wholeB On the averageD On the other hand39.A makingB standingC planningD taking40.A capabilityB responsibilityC proficiencyD efficiency文章背景这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。重要介绍了老师需要了解青少年经历的情感、智力和身体上的变化。他

17、们还需要认真思考他们如何才可以最佳地适应这些变化。成长中的身体需要运动和锻炼，但并不只是通过强调竞争的方法来锻炼。由于他们正在适应他们身体的新变化和许多新的智力和情感挑战，青少年特别敏感，他们需要信心，这种信心来自于取得成功并知道别人羡慕他们的成就。答案详解21. 【解析】A 语义辨析/ 固定搭配题。第二句中的And说明该句是对上句的补充，be aware of 意识到，想到 与A项thought思考，思想意思一致，而与B项idea 主意，观点，想法，C项opinion意见和D项advice 建议不相照应; 四个词都可以和give连用，但是idea 和opinion是可数名词，前面需要不定冠词

18、an, 而give an idea to和give an opinion to的对象都应是人。 D干扰性最大，容易选错，但是give advice to 的对象也应当是人，而要想与后面的how从句衔接则必须使用介词on,故不对的。22.【解析】B 语义辨析题。根据原文的含义，教师应当关注的是如何可以使他们(young adults)很好地适应这些变化。此题的难点在于对accommodate一词词义的理解，也许很多考生只了解它的第一个意思提供住宿，而不熟悉此外两个重要的意思是使满意;使适应。此题的选择尚有一个重要的线索，就是紧接着下文中的adjust to(适应)，两者语义相近。23.【解析】C

19、 语义辨析题。本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。Growing bodies need movement and, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 并列连词and拟定空格处的词汇与movement相似或者属于同类事物;转折词but not指示方向，but not just in ways that emphasize competition.拟定要选择的名词是一种运动竞技项目。不难发现，四个选项中只有C. exercise 表达练习，锻炼，是一种竞技运动。 因此，对的答案是B. exercise 练习。24.【解析】D 逻辑关系

20、题。they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and 从句they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, 青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战;主句teenagers are especi

21、ally selfconscious 他们的自我意识强。不难发现，两个句子是因果关系。因此，对的答案为D. because。 句子Becauce they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and 由于青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战,所以他们的自我意识强并且。25.【解析】C 语义衔接题。本题目选择名词，后面的定语从句提供信息选择答案。顺

22、着上一题的线索：句子叙述到Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and need thethat comes from achieving success and knowing。并列连词and拟定供选的词汇与selfconscious并列，表达一种性格特性;定语从句that comes from achieving success 取得

23、成功所需要的，限定该词汇的性质。他们所需要的是来自于取得成功被别人钦佩的信心。因此，对的答案为C。26.【解析】B 语义衔接题。本题目选择动词的过去分词形式，在句子中构成被动语态，充当谓语动词。句子叙述到Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving

24、 success and knowing that their accomplishments areby others.由于他们正在调整自己以适应身体的变化和许多新的智力上和情感上的挑战，所以他们自我意识很强并且需要信心，这种信心来自于他们所取得的成功以及他们的成就被别人。句子中的主语提供信息决定答案。顺着上一题的线索，此处关键在于accomplishments和什么动词搭配。从上文已经推定此处动词的意思应为钦佩，崇敬，所以选B.admired.27.【解析】D 语义衔接题。本题目选择形容词，在句子中充当表语。句子叙述到However, the typical teenage lifesty

25、le is already filled with so much competition that it would beto plan activities in which there are more winners than losers然而，典型的青年人的生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，那么组织一些赢者多于输家的活动是之举。句子中 it是形式主语，不定式短语 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers是真正的主语，主语提供信息决定答案。A.improper不合适的和B.risky冒险的是否认的意义，

26、 与整个句意不符;C.fair公平的， 这里讨论的是行为的性质， 与公平与否无关。 所以选D.wise。28.【解析】C 逻辑关系题。本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后的逻辑关系。句子叙述到However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,publishing newsletters with many student

27、written book reviews, .空格后面列举了几个并列结构，不难发现该逻辑关系为举例列举。选项前后是例证关系，后面列举的行为均属于用来具体说明前面的activities, 形成照应关系。选项A. in effect 事实上;B. as a result 结果是;C. for example 例如;D. in a sense 从某种意义上说。因此，对的答案为C. for example 例如。然而，典型的青少年生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，以至于组织一些胜者多败者少的活动是明智的，例如出版学生书写的读书笔记。29.【解析】A 逻辑关系/ 语义衔接题。本题目选择动词的动名词形式，

28、在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到 However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many studentwritten book reviews,student artwork, and sponsoring book disc

29、ussion clubs. 解题时需看清句中平列的逻辑关系，出版涉及许多学生所作的书评的简报，(展示)学生创作的艺术品， 举办读书座谈俱乐部等。不难发现，选项A. displaying 展示，展出，展出学生的艺术作品，符合语句含义，同时与出版学生书写的读书笔记构成并列关系。因此，对的答案为A。30.【解析】D 词汇辨析题。该题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语。句子叙述到A variety of small clubs can provideopportunities for leadership, 各种各样的小型俱乐部可以提供的机会锻炼孩子们的领导力。选择形容词，被修饰的名词提供信息。选项A.

30、durable 耐用的;持久的;与opportunities不搭配;B. excessive 过度的;C. surplus 过剩的;都有过度之义， 具有否认的意思， 与文意不符。对的选项D.multiple多样的与句子主语中的variety相照应。31.【解析】A 逻辑关系/ 语义衔接题。与上文相连， opportunities后面两个for说明提供的是什么样的机会;由as well as连接的介词短语与前一个for引导介词短语是并列关系， 译为不仅提供机会并且提供机会，前者leadership是个体能力，后者则是指在成功的集体活动中得到锻炼的机会，所以选A。32.【解析】D 语义衔接题。本题

31、存在一个意思上的相应关系， 即the of organization与the support of adult相应，可以判断D对的。 本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。句子叙述到Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need theof some kind of organization 交朋友对于年轻人极其重要，并且许多腼腆的学生需要的某种组织给予的，并且需要有一个成年人在幕后给予支持。选项A. consent 内容， 含量;满意， 满足B. insurance 保险，安全保障;C.

32、 admission 认可，允许进入;D. security 安全，安全感。33.【解析】B 语义衔接题。with引导一个介词复合结构作定语， 修饰organization， 其中支持他们的成人只能在背后出现， 这与B.barely仅仅，刚好的意思一致。 Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adultvisible in the background. 腼

33、腆的学生需要加入某种团队以获得安全感，在幕后有成年人的支持。rarely罕见地一般表否认，不合语义;barely 是肯定的意义，相称于常见的only。34.【解析】D 语义衔接题。第二段讲的是如何组织活动，使学生保持持久的爱好和注意。之所以如此， 是由于青少年的注意周期(attention spans)不够长，这一点也可凭借常识判断。 同时，下文中participants can remain active as long as they want. 参与者能尽也许长的保持活跃的心态的信息也证明了青少年的故意注意时限很短。因此，对的答案为D。35.【解析】C 逻辑衔接题。做35题时要联系36，

34、37题分析。全句要表达的意思是应当组织各种各样的活动， 让参与者按照自己的意愿尽也许长期的保持活跃状态， 然后还可以过渡到别的活动上去，既不会让他们感到内疚，又不会让别的参与者失望。在第35题前后的两个句子中，第二句说明的是第一句的活动组织所要达成的目的，所以选C。A. if only只要，但愿，引起虚拟条件状语从句，且从句经常独立出现，表达说话人的意愿;B. now that 既然， 引起因素状语从句;D. even if 即使， 引起让步状语从句。36.【解析】D 词汇辨析题。本题目选择不定代词。句子叙述到A variety of activities should be organize

35、d so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on toelse without feeling guilty and 应当组织各种各样的活动以至于参与者能保持活跃的心态。随后参与别的活动而不感到内疚。由于没有任何活动的范围，因此只能是不定的另一项活动。选项B. anything 任何一件事最具迷惑性，它表达在某个范围内的任何一件事。由于句子中没有指出活动范围，因此，对的答案为D。37.【解析】B 固定搭配题。本题目选择与let构成的搭配，在句子中与前面的短语without feeling g

36、uilty 没有感到内疚并列。句子叙述到A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants. 应当组织各种各样的活动以至于参与者能保持活跃的心态。随后参与别的某一个活动而不感到内疚，并且不会让参与者。选项A. letoff 准许暂停;放开;下车;

37、发射B. letdown 让扫兴，失望;C. letout 泄露;D. letalone 放任，不干涉38.【解析】A 逻辑衔接题。本题选择体现逻辑关系的短语，体现前后两个句子的逻辑关系。句子叙述到This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.they can help students acquire a sense of commitment 这并不意味着成年人就没有责任，他们可以帮助学生获得一种责任感 两句间形成对比关系，所以选A。 On the other hand 另一方面必须与On the one hand

38、一方面构成搭配。因此，对的答案为A。39.【解析】C 惯用衔接题。本题目选择与for构成的搭配，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到On the contrary they can help students acquire a sense of commitment byfor roles .相反，他们可以通过角色帮助学生获得一种责任感。选项A. make for 向方向走;B. stand for 代表，表达;C. plan for 为做计划;D. take for 误认为， 把看做因此，对的答案为C. plan for 为做计划。相反，他们可以通过为学生设计或安排角色为角色做计划来帮助学生获

39、得一种责任感。40.【解析】A 语义辨析题。本题目选择名词，roles后面的that引导定语从句，修饰前文的roles，阐述这些角色应当在学生的能力范围和注意力保持期间内， 并且要把规则交代清楚。句子中On the contrary they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within theirand their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules. 相反，他们可以通过为角色做计划来帮助学生获得一种责

40、任感。这些角色是在之内的并且是在注意力限度内的角色。选项A. capabilities 能力，能力范围内的角色，符合句子含义。参考译文教师应当了解青少年智力、情绪和身体各方面的变化，同时他们也应当慎重关注青少年如何适应这些变化。不断成长的身体需要运动和锻炼，而不仅仅是为了进行竞争，由于总是要适应新的身体状况和情感方面的诸多挑战。他们的自我意识特别强烈，需要给他们成功的信心，看到自己的成就，他们就想得到别人的赞扬。但是典型的青少年的生活中已经充斥着太多的竞争，所以聪明的做法是组织一些获胜者多于失败者的活动，例如，出版刊有许多学生撰写书评的通讯，展出学生的艺术品，主办有关书籍辩论的俱乐部。各种小型俱乐部可以提供多种多样的机会，锻炼孩子的领导才干也可以借助集体的力量成功地提供实践机会。交朋友对青少年来说是十分重要的，许多害羞的学生需要某种组织的安全感，并且需要有一个成年人在幕后给予支持。在这些活动中，记住下面的一点很重要：青少年的注意力集中的时间很短。应当组织各种各样的活动来迎合他们，使他们可以保持能动性，然后参与别的活动，这样他们就不会感到不安，也不会使其他参与者失望。但这并不意味着成年人一点责任也没有，相反，成年人可以通过对青少年的能力和注意力所及活动的策划以及通过对游戏规则的清楚阐述，帮助学生获得一种参与感。