2022年非谓语动词用法总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 非谓语动词用法总结 非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,同 时也是较难把握的难点之一；它贯穿于英语学习 和考试过程的始终；但是,只要仔细分析、透彻 懂得、看透本质、精确把握,就肯定能在高考中 运筹帷幄,游刃有余；一非谓语动词区分简表to do doing done 类别 区分含义主 动 被 动主动或正在被动或完成同 位 或 将进行来名师归纳总结 成分名词主 动 名 词 主过去分词语、宾语、语、宾语、表语、作 定 语 、 状表语定语表用途语、补语、表不定式 现 在 分 词 定语 多 表 状第 1 页,共 47 页- - - - - - -精选

2、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 定 语 、 状语、状语、补语态语、补语否认 not to notdoing notdone do 时态一 般 ： to 一般： doing 一般： done do 进行：本身进行：无进 行 ： to 完成： having 完成：本身be doing done 完 成 ： to 只作状语have done 名师归纳总结 语态一般被动：一般被本身第 2 页,共 47 页to be 动:being done done 进行被动：进 行 被 动 ：to be being done being 完 成 被 动 ：done having - - - - - -

3、 -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 完成被动：been done to have been done 作用作 目 的 状作时间状语、 条作时间状语、语、条件状件状语、缘由状条件状语、原语、缘由状语、结果状语、因状语、方式语、结果状方式状语、 相伴状语、相伴状语状语、让步状语语、让步状语二不定式的用法 不定式不行作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾 语、表语、定语表用途 、状语或补足语；高考 对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作 用、否认、省略、连词不定式等；作主语 不定式作主语表示详细的动作,通常指一件已知名师归纳总结 - - - -

4、 - - -第 3 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 的事或目的；不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数；eg:To say is a thing,to do is another. 说是一回事,做是另外一回事； 2不定式短语较长时,通常放在谓语之后,用 it 作形式主语；eg: It is important to learn English well. 学好英语是重要的； It is necessary for us to do the job well. 我们做好这项工作是必要的； It is a great honor to be invited to give

5、 a speech here. 被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极 大的荣幸； 2. 作宾语 1 常 只 用 不 定 式 作 宾 语 的 动 词 有 ：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend ,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 等；eg: He refused 我. to help me. 他拒绝帮忙She has agr

6、eed to come tomorrow.他已同意明天来. 2 不定式较长时,作宾语,也可用 在后面；it 代替,放eg;I find it difficult to do the job well. 3 “ 特殊疑问词 不定式 to do 词特点,可作宾语；结构” 具出名eg: She didn t know whether to go or not. They havent decided when and where to build the school. 4不定式可作介but,except,besides除 之外 的宾语, 介词前有实义动词do 的任何一种名师归纳总结 形式,后边的不

7、定式就无to, 否就必带 to ；the 第 5 页,共 47 页eg: I want to do nothing but play - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - computer games；I have no choice but to wait；3. 动词不定式作表语1不定式作表语放在be 和其他系动词后, 说明主语的内容； 同样,“ 特殊疑问词不定式”具出名词特点,也可作表语；eg: My job is to sweep the floor. His goal was to enter the key university of Beiji

8、ng. The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well. 2 不定式作主语时, 表语也必需为不定式,结构必需保持一样；eg:To see is to believe. 3 假如主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实 义动词 do 的某种形式,那么作表语的不定式可 以省去 to. eg: The first thing to do is find her. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The only thing he cou

9、ld do was tell the truth. 4. 不定式作定语不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后；eg: I have something important to tell you. 不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系； His wish to an artist has never come true. 不定式与被修饰名词构成同位关系； He is the right man to do the job. 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系； The little girl was unhappy because she had no friends to play with. 不定式

10、与被修饰名词构成主动关系； 注：假设不定式为不及物动词,其后须加上相应的介词； 5. 不定式作状语不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、缘由和结果,可位于句首或句末,但句首时通常用逗号隔名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 开；eg: We set off early that morning to catch the first bus.目的To get a good result,she worked very hard. 目的I feel it an honor to be invited to the party.

11、 条件 She was very happy prize. 缘由 to get the first He worked hard only to fail. 结果 注：1. 不定式常用在 so as 或 in order 后,与它们一起作谓语,表示目的,但 式不行置于句首；so as 引起的不定eg:In order to avoid mistakes,check your homework. 2. 不定式表目的常和only连用,往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不愿得到的结果；名师归纳总结 eg:He hurried to the station only to find 第 8 页,共 47 页

12、- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - the train had left. 3 “ 形容词 enough不定式” 和“too 形容词或副词 不表情感 不定式”状语；也可作结果eg: He is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to raise the stone. 但“too 表情感形容词pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious 等to do ” 表示确定意义,too 前面可用 only,but等词修饰；eg: They were only too anxious to l

13、eave. 他们只是太急于离开了； She is only too pleased to go home. 她特别兴奋可以回家了； 6. 不定式作补语不定式作补语表示动作的完成；宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系； 1 后接动词不定式作宾补的常见动词有：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg,request,require,beg,get,advise,persuade,invite,order,remind,permit,allow,s

14、end,callon,wouldlike/love,arrange for,depend on等；eg: She wanted me to arrive there early. Our headmaster hard. call on us to work 2动词不定式可作感官动词五看二听一感 觉即： see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel 和使让动词let,make,have 等后面的宾补时,不定式符号 to 要省略,但假如句子变被动结构,必需带 to. 表示动作的完成；eg: He made them climb the

15、hill. They were made to climb the hill. 3 动词不定式可作形容词的补足语动词不定式可作形容词的补足语,句型为：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一主语系动词表语adj 为convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/impossible/pleasent等to do.注：to do常用主动表被动,其中 的宾语； do 为 vt, 主语为 to do二 主语 find/think/consider/believe 等宾语 adj to do

16、. 注：其中 to do 常用主动表被动,其中 do 为 vt, 主语为 to do 的宾语； ：He is easy to fool “ 特殊疑问词不定式to do ” 具出名词特征 , 可 作 宾 补； 谓 语 动 词 多 为show,know,teach,tell 等； eg:I ll tell you how to get there 7 不定式作评注性状语或插入语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 不定式可以作评注性状语或插入语,放在句子前面、中间或末尾；常见的有 to be frank,to be ho

17、nest,to tell the truth,to begin with,to start with,to be short 等；eg:To begin with,I thinkyou are wrong. 三动名词用法 动名词具有动词和名词的特点,有一般式和完成 式,有主动式和被动式,可作主语、宾语、表语 和定语 .否认形式在其前面加 not. 1动名词作主语 动名词作主语表示抽象动作,指一件已知的事或 体会；eg: Driving a car on the crowded road is boring. Reading is my hobby. 2 常 只 用 动 名 词 作 宾 语 的

18、动 词 有 ：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider 考 虑 dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - ,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest 等；eg: I can t imagine marrying her. She managed to escape being punished. 以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：give up,belong to,loo

19、k forward to,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,have difficulty/troublein,have agood/wonderful time in 等；eg: I m looking forward to hearing from you soon. He gave up smoking three years. 3 动名词可作表语动名词可作表语, 一般为主语的内容.表示一般性或习惯性的动作；在概念上可以和主语划等号；把主语和表语倒过来,句子的基本含义不变；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1

20、3 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eg:His hobby is painting. 4 动名词可作定语 动名词可作定语, 表示所修饰事物的功能或用途；eg:He often studies in the reading room. 四现在分词 现在分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特点,在句 中作定语、状语、补语和表语；1 作定语现在分词作定语, 单个 v.-ing放在被修饰的名词前；假如短语作定语,就放在所修饰词的后面；动词 -ing作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系,表示动作正在同时进行或常常性发生；eg: the falling leaves the leav

21、es which are falling the rising sun the sun which is rising I saw him go into the house facing south. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 作状语动词 -ing或其短语作状语时,可以表示时间、 条件、缘由、结果、让步、方式、相伴等；表示时间关系的动词 -ing短语可由连词while或 when引出；eg:Hearing the news,they got excited.时间 Having finished hi

22、s homework,she was playing on the playground. 缘由 Studying hard,you are sure to get the first prize. 条件 3 作补语现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行,宾语与作补语的现在分词之间是主动关系；后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词五看二听一感觉 see,look at,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen 名师归纳总结 to,feel使让动词 have,get以及其他类动第 15 页,共 47 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 词

23、 leave,keep,catch,set 行；等；表示动作正在进eg: I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday. Don t leave him waiting outside the room. 作表语现在分词作表语相当于形容词,常表示主语所具有的特点,含有主动意味；大多数使动词的现在分词通常可作表语,常见的有：interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasin g,exciting,moving,disappointing,surpring ,encouraging 等；eg: His st

24、ory was very moving. The speech is really boring. 作评注性状语或插入语可以作评注性状语或插入语 或末尾；,放在句子前面、 中间名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 五过去分词 过去分词既有副词的特点又有动词的特点,在句 中可作定语、状语、补语、表语等成分；1作定语 过去分词作定语,它和被修饰词之间是被动、完 成关系,单个过去分词作定语放在前,过去分词 短语作定语放在后；其中及物动词的过去分词表 示完成或被动概念,不及物动词的过去分词只表 示完成概念,没有被动的意味；e

25、g: the risen sun the sun which has risen fallen leavesleaves which has fallen This is the house built several years ago. This is the house which was built sveral years ago. 2 作状语过去分词在句中作状语,说明动作发生的背景或情形；它和被修饰词之间是被动关系；它在句中名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 可以作时间、条件、缘由、方式、让步和相伴状

26、语；eg: Tired out,they stopped to have a rest. 缘由 Taken around the city,we were impressed by the citys new look. ,he Though warned of the danger still went skating on the thin ice. 3 作补语 及物动词的过去分词作补语,和宾语之间构成被 动关系；不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表状态和 完成；1 可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词五 have,get,make 等,看二听一感觉 ,使役动词 以及其他类动 keep,leave

27、,like,want,wish 等；eg: I can t get the car going. I had my leg broken last week. 4作表语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 过去分词作表语表示被动意义,主语常是人,一 般用来表示感受和状态,可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：astonished,delighted,disappointed,excite d,experienced,exhausted,frightened,inter ested,puzzled,qualitied,sat

28、isfied,upset 等, 有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语；如： be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered with,be dressed in,be seated,be locked 等；能用这些分词作表语的系动词有 be,get,remain,stay 等；eg: The door remained locked. We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech. 六非谓语动词的独立结构 非谓语动词的独立结构为“ 名词或代词非谓语动词”或“with 名词 / 代词非谓语动

29、词”；在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子即：非名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 谓语动词的规律主语与主句主语不一样,须保留之后所构成的结构 ；可放在句首或句尾；一 名词或代词非谓语动词1名词 / 代词不定式名词或代词通常为动作的执行者,与不定式构成规律上的主谓关系,可位于句首或句末；eg:He will send me follow in a year. 100 first,the rest to 2 名词 / 代词现在分词 名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行 者,与现在分词构成规律上的主谓关系；eg:T

30、ime permiting,we finish the work.表条件 trees turns Spring coming on,the green.表时间 3名词 / 代词过去分词 名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承担者；与过去分词构成规律上的动宾关系或系表关名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 系；eg: The sigal given,the bus started. Their strength exhausted,they sank down one by one.表缘由 二 with 名词 / 代

31、词非谓语动词1with 名词 / 代词不定式 不定式和宾语之间是被动关系,表示动作尚未发生；eg:With nothing to do,they went out for a walk. 表缘由2with名词 / 代词现在分词宾语和动词 -ing之间是主动关系, 表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生；eg:The boy slept with the light burning.表相伴3 with名词 / 代词过去分词不定式和宾语之间是被动关系,表示动作已经完成；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eg:They s

32、tayed inside with the door locked.表相伴七非谓语动词的区分问题一动词后接to do不定式仍是动名词1只能接 to do不定式的动词有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend ,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等； 2 常 只 用 动 名 词 作 宾 语 的 动 词 有 ：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider 考 虑 dislike,enjoy,escape,excus

33、e,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss等；错过,practise,risk,resist,suggest3动词后二者都可跟,意义不同的有：名师归纳总结 forget to do sth 遗忘要做某事第 22 页,共 47 页forget doing sth 遗忘做过某事regret to do sth 后悔要做某事- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - regret doing sth 后悔做过某事go on to do sth go on doing sth stop to do sth 接着做另外一件事 接着做同一件事 停下来开头

34、做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事try to do sth 尽力做某事try doing sth 试着做某事mean to do sth 准备意欲,妄想做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事can t help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事can t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 4 动 词 后 二 者 都 可 跟 , 意 义 相 同 的 有 ：begin,start,like,love,prefer,hate等；但是区别在于：后接动名词时表示常常性的动作,后接 不定式时表示的是详细的特定的动作；eg:I like playing footbal

35、l,but I dont like play now. 名师归纳总结 重点提示： 在以下情形下begin和 start后只接第 23 页,共 47 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 不定式：.主语是物不是人；eg:Spring came on and the snow began to melt. .二者用于进行时 eg:It s begin to rain. .二者后接表示心理活动或状态的动词；eg:I began to realize how stupid I was. .二者后接不定式的被动式；eg:The new type of comput

36、er began to be developed in the 1980s. do 二 “感 官 动 词 宾 语 宾 补 to sth/doing sth” 的区分感官动词宾语宾补或全过程to do sth 表示事实感官动词宾语宾补doing sth 表示片段或进行名师归纳总结 eg:The missing boys were last seen 第 24 页,共 47 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - playing near the river. Did you see a pencil-box lying on the ground just

37、now. 三个别“ 使让动词宾语宾补” 的特殊词的用法1have 宾语宾补have 宾语 do “ 让 做某事”,不定式作宾补可以指现在、将来或可能发生的动作；eg: They had me repeat the message. I won I won t have you say such things. t have you blame it on me. have 宾语 doing “ 让 始终做某事”,现在分词作宾补可以表示主语有意让别人去做或无意引起某人可能去做或表示遭受；eg: Tom tried to have her talking.But no use. 名师归纳总结 I

38、won t have you speaking to your 第 25 页,共 47 页parents like that. 注： have 宾语 doing - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 用于否认句, have 有容忍之意； Why should we have the boy standing in the corner the whole morning. have 宾语 done “ 让 被做”过去分词作宾补可表示主语有意识的行为或表示“ 遭受”、“ 经历” 动作违反主语的意愿eg:We ought to have her examine

39、d by a doctor. The old woman had her handbag stolen. 2get 宾语宾补get 宾语 to dohave 宾语 do “ 让做某事” 有时就是“ 说服或劝告某人做某事”eg:I will get the publisher to illustrate加上插图 the book. get 宾语 doing “ 使 静的物体 动起来” ,具有进行含义；eg:I shall soon get the machine working. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 26 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3get 宾语 done “ 让 被做”宾语 done 基本相同；eg:He got his wrist broken. 习题练习：用法与 have1.2022全国 INow that we ve discussed our problem,are pople happy with the decisions . A.taking B.take C.taken D.to take 2. 2022 全国 IThe children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom. 名师归纳总结 A.looked at