2022年非谓语动词用法归纳 .pdf

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1、1 非谓语动词用法归纳主动被动1. doing 用在要求动词后；进行； 伴随； 性质； 特点；概括；抽象；一般3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首) 2. being done 正在进行的被动4. having been done 用于句首；要求动词后有过去时间或过去动作5. to do 用在要求动词后；目的；将来；具体7. to have done 在要求动词后表完成的动作(一般用在句中 ) 6. to be done 将来的被动8. to have been done 用在要求动词后有过去时间或过去动作9. done 被动；完成一般或普遍时间一、表格的用法1.doi

2、ng 的用法1在要求动词后作宾语：avoid 防止 appreciate 感激 /欣赏 acknowledge 承认 /自认admit 承认 advocate提倡 /主张 consider 考虑cant help 不禁cant stand 受不了 contemplate 细想 complete 完成 confess 坦白dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟 deny 否认dread 可怕 defer 拖延 detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有 /喜爱 envy 嫉妒endure 忍受 excuse 借口 escape逃跑 /逃避 finish 完成 forgive 原谅

3、fancy 梦想 /爱好 favor 造成 /偏爱 figure 描绘 /计算 hate 讨厌 imagine 设想 involve 卷入 /包含 keep保持 miss 错过 mention 说到 /讲到 mind 介意 pardon 原谅 /饶恕 permit 允许postpone 推迟 practice 实行 /实践 prevent 阻止 quit 放弃停止risk 冒险 recall 回想 resist 抵抗 /阻止resume恢复 repent 悔悟 resent怨恨 stand 坚持 /忍受 suggest建议 save 营救 /储蓄 tolerate 忍受worth 值得You

4、should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. 2表进行Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. 3表主动The man speaking English is Tom =

5、 The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. 4表伴随I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. 5表性质；特点The film is very moving. She is under

6、standing, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6概括性 ,一般性Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring 在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性 ,一般性 ) Our work is serving the people 7动名词的逻辑主语为；人称代词的所有格+动名词；名词s+动名词。例如：Tom insisted on my going with them 他坚持要我和他们一起去。He dislike

7、s his wifes working late 他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页2 2. being done 表示正在进行的被动The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticize

8、d by Mr. Chen, he felt sad. The building being built will be the tallest one in this city. = The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city. 3. having done 有先后动作表完成(一般用在句首) Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home. Having done the w

9、ork, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest. Having done the work, I went back home. Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders. 4. having been done 用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成,有过去时间或过去动作I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. (

10、 要求动词后 ) =I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then. = Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then I apprecia

11、te having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad to Mr. Wang. I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now. Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been finished, it was turned in. 5. to d

12、o 的用法 : (1)用在要求动词后: 接 to do 的动词作宾语attempt 企图 afford 负担得起arrange安排 appear似乎，显得ask 问 agree同意believe 认为、相信begin 开始 beg 请求bother 扰乱 /烦恼 care 关心，喜欢choose选择claim 要求consent 同意，赞同contrive 设法，图谋demand 要求destine 注定determine 决定dread害怕desire 愿望decide 决定enable能够expect 期望endeavor努力 fail 不能 hate憎恨 /厌恶 happen 碰巧hes

13、itate 犹豫hope 希望intend 想要incline 有 倾向long 渴望love爱 learn 学习mean 意欲，打算manage设法 neglect 无视 need需要 omit 忽略，漏offer 提供pretend 假装plan计划prefer 喜欢 /宁愿prepare 准备profess说明promise 承诺 /允许propose提议 refuse 拒绝 swear宣誓start开始 seek 找/寻觅try 试图 undertake 承接volunteer 志愿 vow 起 wish 希望want 想要(2)表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作(做表语 )。Our

14、work is to serve the people The person to do the job is Tom. = The person who will do the job is Tom. To do two things at a time is to do neither 一次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。如果主语是不定式表示条件，表语也是不定式表示结果。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。To work means to earn a living 工

15、作就是为了生活。如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job， plan，problem，purpose， thing，wish 等为中心的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页3 名词，或以what 引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。The function of Louis Sullivans architecture wa

16、s to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant省 to 的动词不定式1 情态动词( 除 ought 外， ought to)：2 使役动词let, have, make；在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。The boss made them work the whole night. = They were m

17、ade to work the whole night. 3 感官动词see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。I saw him dance. = he was seen to dance. 注：感官动词还可以接现在分词，表示一个短暂动作正在进行；不定式则表示动作的整个过程。I saw him dance.整个跳舞的过程I saw him dancing. 我看见他时，他正在跳舞。强调动作正在发生A cook will be immed

18、iately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked find sb. doing sth 意为 “ 发现某人正在做某事” 。4 表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather ，had better，might(just) as well ：rather than 置于句首时。Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bike. If you are planning to spend yo

19、ur money having fun this week, better _ it you ve got some big bills coming. A . forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget 5 why / why not 6 help 可带 to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth ：7 but 和 except：but 前是动词do 时，后面出现的动词用不带to 的动词不定式；是其他动词时，则要带to。He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe a

20、nything but to take the medicine. 8不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但假设主语部分中含有do 的各种形式时，符号to 可省去。Weve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home. 9 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。10当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and，but 或 or 连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to 常省略。但假设表示比照

21、、对照关系时，则不能省略。He wants to move to France and marry the girl. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. 6. to be done 将来的被动The work to be finished tomorrow is important.= The work that will be finished tomorrow is important. = The work that is to be done is

22、 difficult to finish. 7to have done 在要求动词后表完成的动作(一般用在句中) Mr. Chen is said to have done the job. = Mr. Chen is said that he did the job. Chinese men basketball team is reported to have accepted a good training before the Olympic Games. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页4 = Chine

23、se men basketball team is reported that they accepted a good training before the Olympic Games. 8. to have been done用在要求动词后有过去时间或过去动作The job is said to have been done by Mr. Chen. = The job is said that it was done by Mr. Chen. 9. done 被动；完成一般或普遍时间Seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball

24、.= When it is seen from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball. The work done is important.= The work that has been done is important = The work that was done is important People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. 二、出题形式1空格在句首：

25、1句子分前后两部分，后面分句的主语能发出前面的动作，前面空格用主动，否则用被动；2be interested in; be faced with; be devoted to; be delighted with; be addicted to; be seated on; be dressed in; (be) used/accustomed to; be armed with; be involved in; be concerned about/with; be attached to; 等在句首只能用-ed 形式Faced with so many difficulties, I wo

26、rk hard every day. Devoted to my work; I care nothing else. 2空格在句中：1空格前面的名词能发出后面的动作，空格用主动，否则用被动2要求动词后接doing 的动词；后接to do 的动词(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差异forget to do 忘记要去做某事此事未做forget doing 忘记做过某事此事已做过或已发生stop to do 停止、中断某件事 ，目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事remember to do 记住去做某事未做remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做

27、) regret to do 对要做的事遗憾regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、懊悔try to do 努力、企图做某事try doing 试验、试一试某种方法mean to do 打算，有意要 mean doing 意味着go on to do 继而去做另外一件事情go on doing 继续原先没有做完的事情propose to do 打算要做某事proposing doing 建议做某事like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念It is + no use, no good (fun, a great ple

28、asure, a waste of time, a bore.) 等名词 +doing sth. It is no use crying. 哭没有用。 It is no good objecting. 反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football 打篮球很有趣。It is a waste of time trying to explain 设法解释是浪费时间。It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive 等形容词 )+ doing sth It is useless speaking.光说没用。It

29、is nice seeing you again 真高兴又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper 晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car 开这种小车是浪费。3空格在句尾：1物+ need, want, deserve, demand, require + doing( = to be done ) The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 2参考使役动词make; let; get; have 的用法精选学习资料

30、 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页5 Sb(1) makes sb(2) do 前面的人让 /叫/使后面的人做某事Mr. Chen makes us do English exercise. Sb(1) makes sb(2) doing 前面的人让 /叫/使后面的人一直做某事有前提条件，表示抱怨或发牢骚Mr. Chen is too strict on our English study and he always makes us doing English exercise. Sb(2) is made to do 某人被

31、让 /叫/使去做某事We are made to do English exercise. Sb makes oneself / one s point done 某人让 /叫/使自己或自己的话/观点让别人听懂Mr. Chen speaks English slowly in order to make himself understood in the class. Sb makes sth done 某人把 /让/叫/使某事给别人做I have my hair cut. Sb has done sth某人已经做完了某事I have cut my hair. 3不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，

32、要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。I need a pen to write with 我需要一支笔写字。There is nothing to worry about 没有什么值得发愁的。I find a house to live in. I get a chair to sit on. 三、独立主谓结构：和以上所有句子只有一个逻辑主语不同，独立主谓结构有两个不同的主语。Weather permitting, we go out to have a picnic.= If the weather permits, we go out to have a

33、 picnic. Work done, I had a rest. = After the work had been done, I had a rest. Class being over, I went home. = Because the class was over, I went home. Kate being ill, I came to replace her position. = Because Kate was ill, I came to replace her position. Time _, I ll go on a picnic with you this

34、Sunday.A. permits B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting 更多例子：All things considered, he is a fairly good teacher of English. Spring having come, the trees begin to turn green. There being no pen, I had to write the letter with a pencil. We had to stay indoors instead of playing outside, it raining very hard. 注意：不要把后半部分写成一个句子：it was raining very hard. 在这种情况下， 前后句之间就必须加上连词and。 Breakfast over, my father went to his office. The summer vacation being over, John returned to school from his hometown. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页