新导向大学英语 (1).pdf

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1、1ScriptsOne-minute Presentation SkillWhats the Education System like in ChinaChinese children over six years old are allowed to enter primary school.After six years educationhere,they spend three years in junior middle school.This nine-year education they receive is callednational compulsory educati

2、on which requires all school-age children to be educated free of charge.Following compulsory education,Chinese students will sit their first important lifetime test-thesenior high school entrance examination(Zhongkao).Based on the results and personal choices,87%students step into senior secondary e

3、ducation.And 57%go to regular senior secondary schools togain culture and science knowledge while 43%enter secondary vocational schools to be trained withskills for employment.In most provinces,those who enter regular schools will be divided into classes focusing on socialsciences-Chinese,English,ma

4、thematics,politics,history,geography;or natural sciences-Chinese,English,mathematics,physics,chemistry,biology.Whichever one they choose decideswhat they will be tested on during the college entrance exam or Gaokao,their second important test.The total point of the examination is 750.In fact,there a

5、re six foreign languages that can be chosen.English is the most popular.Whether students enter the university they prefer depends on their finalscores and the enrollment mark of the university.Therefore,Gaokao is greatly significant to Chinese.Thats why most senior students in high school work hard

6、to prepare for the examination under hugepressure.However,China has implemented historic education system reform.Gaokao will adopt a 3+3 model.All subjects require higher level Chinese,especially in traditional Chinese culture.Chinese educationpoints to comprehensive personal development-oriented ed

7、ucation.Gaokao tends to select examineeson the basis of majors.（https:/ for SpeakingTED:Every Kid Needs a Champion1 I have spent my entire life either at the schoolhouse,on the way to the schoolhouse,or talkingabout what happens in the schoolhouse.Both my parents were educators,my maternal grandpare

8、ntswere educators,and for the past 40 years,Ive done the same thing.And so,needless to say,overthose years Ive had a chance to look at education reform from a lot of perspectives.Some of thosereforms have been good.Some of them have been not so good.And we know why kids drop out.Weknow why kids dont

9、 learn.Its either poverty,low attendance,negative peer influences.We knowwhy.But one of the things that we never discuss or we rarely discuss is the value and importance ofhuman connection,relationships.2 James Comer says that no significant learning can occur without a significant relationship.Geor

10、geWashington Carver1says all learning is understanding relationships.Everyone in this room has beenaffected by a teacher or an adult.For years,I have watched people teach.I have looked at the bestand Ive looked at some of the worst.3 Acolleague said to me one time,They dont pay me to like the kids.T

11、hey pay me to teach a lesson.The kids should learn it.I should teach it,they should learn it.Case closed.“Well”,I said to her,You know,kids dont learn from people they dont like.4 She said,Thats just a bunch of hooey2.5And I said to her,Well,your year is going to be long and arduous3,dear.6 Needless

12、 to say,it was.Some people think that you can either have it in you to build a relationship,or you dont.I think Stephen Covey4had the right idea.He said you ought to just throw in a fewsimple things,like seeking first to understand,as opposed to being understood.Simple things,like1George Washington

13、Carver,was an American botanist and inventor.He actively promoted alternative crops to cotton andmethods to prevent soil depletion.2hooey:nonsense.3arduous:difficult and tiring.4Stephen Richards Covey was an American educator,author,businessman,and keynote speaker.His most popular book is The7 Habit

14、s of Highly Effective People.3apologizing.You ever thought about that?Tell a kid youre sorry,theyre in shock.7 I taught a lesson once on ratios.Im not real good with math,but I was working on it.And I gotback and looked at that teacher edition.Id taught the whole lesson wrong.So I came back to class

15、the next day and I said,Look,guys,I need to apologize.I taught the whole lesson wrong.Im sosorry.8 They said,Thats okay,Ms.Pierson.You were so excited,we just let you go.9 I have had classes that were so low,so academically deficient,that I cried.I wondered,How am Igoing to take this group,in nine m

16、onths,from where they are to where they need to be?And it wasdifficult,it was awfully hard.How do I raise the self-esteem of a child and his academic achievementat the same time?10 One year I came up with a bright idea.I told all my students,You were chosen to be in my classbecause I am the best tea

17、cher and you are the best students,they put us all together so we could showeverybody else how to do it.11 One of the students said,Really?12 I said,Really.We have to show the other classes how to do it,so when we walk down the hall,people will notice us,so you cant make noise.You just have to strut

18、.13 And I gave them a saying to say:I am somebody.I was somebody when I came.Ill be a bettersomebody when I leave.I am powerful,and I am strong.I deserve the education that I get here.Ihave things to do,people to impress,and places to go.14And they said,Yeah!15 You say it long enough,it starts to be

19、 a part of you.16 I gave a quiz,20 questions.Astudent missed 18.I put a+2 on his paper and a big smiley face.17 He said,Ms.Pierson,is this an F?18 I said,Yes.19 He said,Then whyd you put a smiley face?20 I said,Because youre on a roll.You got two right.You didnt miss them all.21 I said,And when we r

20、eview this,wont you do better?22 He said,Yes,maam,I can do better.423 You see,-18 sucks all the life out of you.+2 said,I aint all bad.24 How powerful would our world be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks,who were notafraid to think,and who had a champion?Every child deserves a champio

21、n,an adult who will nevergive up on them,who understands the power of connection,and insists that they become the bestthat they can possibly be.25 Is this job tough?You betcha.Oh God,you betcha.But it is not impossible.We can do this.Wereeducators.Were born to make a difference.26 Thank you so much.

22、(869 words)（https:/ for SpeakingNews item 1The issue of school start times has become increasingly important in recent years.A growing numberof sleep research studies have pointed to high schoolers need for more sleep.The American Psychological Association,or APA,says that more than half of teens be

23、tween ages 15and 17 sleep for 7 or fewer hours per night.Teens like to stay up at night.They tend to go to bed late and wake up late in the morning.Thesehabits are a result of biology,according to theAPA.Changing the sleep schedule of teens may not work.Simply going to bed earlier does notnecessaril

24、y make someone less tired in the early morning hours,says a statement on theorganizations website.TheAmerican Medical Association,orAMA,has also advocated for later start times.At last years annual AMA meeting,Board Member William E.Kobler said,Sleep deprivation is agrowing public health issue affec

25、ting our nations adolescents,putting them at risk for mental,physical and emotional distress and disorders.In 2016,the group issued a new policy proposal that encourages middle schools and high schools tostart no earlier than 8:30 a.m.(https:/ item 2A majority of Americans say they would change thei

26、r choice of college,degree or field of study,ifthey could do it over again.Gallup,an American research-based company,and the Strada Education Network reported in Junethat 51 percent ofAmericans regret one of their college education choices.The study also found that 36 percent of Americans said they

27、would change their major if they could.Twenty-eight percent of Americans said they would choose a different college or university.And 12percent said they would choose a different degree program.Precious A.Smith is the Deputy Director for the Center for Academic Excellence at HowardUniversity.Smith d

28、oes not want people to think that 51 percent of American college graduates areunhappy with what they are currently doing.6She says the students“might have just made different choices if they had different information at thetime they were picking a major or picking an institution to graduate from.”St

29、udents often end up choosing between a career that will make them happy and a career that willmake a lot of money,she says.Many students therefore end up picking a major that they are not verysatisfied with.(https:/ ConversationAliceHello,Neil.You went to university,didnt you?NeilYes.University-the

30、best days of my life.I made fantastic friends,went to great partiesAliceDid some work?NeilWell,yeah,I did some work,but probably not enough.AliceWell,the subject of todays show is student mental health.So,Neil,do you think youre looking backat your university days through rose-tinted spectacles?And

31、that means looking at a situation as beingbetter than it really was.NeilI did feel out of my comfort zone when I arrived.Yes,everyone seemed to know everyone knewwhere to go.AliceYes,well,being out of your comfort zone means being in a situation that you arent familiar with andwhich makes you feel n

32、ervous.Did you talk to anyone about your feelings,Neil?Or did you get anycounselling?And that means professional help with personal or psychological problems.NeilWhat?No,not me.Im one of those men who isnt good at talking about their feelings,Alice.I justfelt a bit homesick,thats all-I missed my fri

33、ends and family.Well,I do think that university lifecan be more stressful than people realize.7AliceYes.Now in the UK,there has been a rise in students using counselling services.Well,lets listen toKirsty,a student at Exeter University,talking about why she has had problems.And heres a questionfor y

34、ou while you listen:Did she enjoy her first days in college?Kirsty McMurron,student at Exeter UniversityNo.The thing is it is a real balancing act.When I first got to university I dont think Id reallyrealized that Id forgotten how to make friends you know,Id been with the same school friends forseve

35、n years,and so I was trying to balance you know social success with academic success whilstlearning how to look after myself at quite a young age.And I think thats the experience of a lot ofyoung people.And people really struggle with it.NeilWhats a balancing act,Alice?AliceIts where you try to give

36、 your attention to two or more things at the same time.So here,Kirsty istrying to balance making new friends with doing her academic work and learning to look afterherself.(http:/www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english/ep-151210)Passage 1University students are different.They

37、 come from different parts of the country,speak variousdialects,and follow their distinctive regional customs.However,a closer look at their purposes oflearning at university will enable us to classify them roughly into three groups:Those who learn out of instinct,those who learn for a promising fut

38、ure,and those who learn with nodefinite purposes.Firstly,there are a handful of students who learn without fatigue simply because they like to learn.They read a great deal of British and American novels because they are keenly interested in literature.Others sit in front of the computer screen,worki

39、ng on one new program after another all day and allnight because they have discovered beauty in complicated signal patterns,and dream of becoming“Bill Gates”one day.Secondly,there are job-oriented who work hard for a better career.It is arguable that the majority ofuniversity students fall into this

40、 category.After enrolling in the hottest specialty of the moment,theythrow themselves into books,whether they like them or not,so as to absorbthe most knowledge and to obtain all the available certificates,which may serve as a competitiveedge in the cut-throat human resources market in four yearstim

41、e.Thirdly,there is a small fraction of students who learn without an aim.They take courses,finish8assignments,enjoy life on campus,but lead a directionless life.The do not know what they are doing,nor what they are willing to do,nor what they will be doing after college.They are a group of“sleepers.

42、”Students from all parts of the country gather in the same university.After four years,they part tocontinue their various lives.However,it is almost certain those that who learn out of instinct will behappy,those who learn with a determination will be professionally successful at least,and those who

43、learn without an aim will end up with nothing.(https:/ 2I used to be a poor learner.It wasnt because I was lazy or unmotivated.I was a poor learner becauseI didnt know how to learn effectively.I thought I was learning while I wrote out the information Iwas trying to learn over and over.I thought I w

44、as learning when I memorized facts on flash cards thenight before the test.I thought I was learning when I stayed up half the night studying for the exam.But I was not learning.I was getting by.And despite very good grades,I didnt retain much.Now,after all these years I have learned how to learn.Res

45、earch shows that sleep and exercise areimportant for creativity and learning.Now instead of staying up half the night studying,I get plentyof rest.I study for about 25 minutes,then I take a break walking around the block or do jumpingjacks by my desk.Although rest is important to learning,so is bein

46、g focused.I turn off my email andother distractions while I am trying to learn.Research shows that a distracted mind is not actuallyfocused and multi-tasking is a fallacy.Who knew?I used to highlight areas I wanted to remember.Now I know if I highlight more than a sentence foreach paragraph,I am kid

47、ding myself.I should only highlight the most important concepts from thetext.Highlighting doesnt help me learn.Recalling the important concepts and key ideas help me learn.Speaking of recall,instead ofpassively reading the material I am trying to learn.I recall or teach myself what I have just read outloud.Or I write it down as if I am explaining it to someone else,like I am doing here.If I can explainthe material to others or to myself,I am on my way to learning the material.