大学英语大学英语 (1).pdf

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1、Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingoff and on(or on and off):from time to time;now and again;irregularlyIt has been raining on and off for a week.Thats why the clothes feel damp.As her patient slept soundly during the night,Nurse Betty was able to doze off

2、and on in a bedside chair.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingtake hold:become establishedThe idea of one child has taken hold in many Chinese families.老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。前戒烟。Old habits die hard.Thats why you should stop smokin

3、g before the habit takes hold.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingbore:vt.make(sb.)feel tired and lose interestThe speaker went on and on,and the audience grew bored by his speech.Tom Sawyer grew bored with painting the garden fence,so he thought of a way to

4、 make others paint for him.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Reading Collocation:讨厌至极的讨厌至极的人人/事事a crashing bore讨厌得要命的家伙讨厌得要命的家伙a frightful bore讨厌得令人无法忍受的人讨厌得令人无法忍受的人an insufferable bore极惹人厌烦的事极惹人厌烦的事an utter boreGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDet

5、ailed ReadingBefore Readingassociate:vt.join or connect together;connect or bring in the mind我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。I cant associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written.We often associate Egypt with pyramids.Jim wished to forget everything associated wi

6、th his former life.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingturn out:come out or gather as for a meeting,public event,etc.1)prove to be2)shut off3)produce;make4)Match the above definitions with the sentences below.A large group of protesters have turned out.The s

7、chool has turned out some great scholars.Turn out the light before you go to bed.The plan turned out a failure.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingcome out or gather as for a meeting,public event,etc.1)prove to be2)shut off3)produce;make4)Match the above def

8、initions with the sentences below.We are to turn out 100,000,586 computers next year to meet the market requirements.The experiment turned out to be a success.Crowds turned out for the procession.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readinganticipate:vt.expect(usu.f

9、ollowed by gerund or that-clause)The police had anticipated trouble from the soccer fans and were at the ground in large numbers.他们预测到他们预测到2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2012.该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词，该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词，不可用不定式代替。不可用不定式代替。N.B.Global Read

10、ingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingWe anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform.We anticipate hearing from you again.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingtedious:adj.boring and lasting for a lo

11、ng timeLaura found George to be tedious and decided not to see him anymore.The movie was so tedious that many viewers left before it was over.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readinginspire:vt.fill(sb.)with confidence,eagerness,etc.Martin Luther King,Jr.s speech

12、es inspired people to fight for equal treatment of African Americans.The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.Collocation:使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情inspire sth.in sb.(=inspire sb.with sth.)Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary R

13、eadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingrigid:adj.(often disapproving)fixed in behavior;based on correct or accepted rules如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话，他女儿就不会如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话，他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。这么年轻就离家出走了。If he had been a little less rigid about things,his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.The ri

14、gid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest days.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingFu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.severe:adj.The widow wore a severe black dress to her husbands funeral.1)completely plain海明

15、威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.2)stern;strictOnly those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingsevere 作作“严厉严厉”解时，可以用来形容人（解时，可以用来形容人（severe f

16、ather 严厉的父亲），人的面貌（严厉的父亲），人的面貌（severe look 严厉严厉的神色），人的态度（的神色），人的态度（The teacher is severe with his students.教师对学生很严厉教师对学生很严厉。）。）。3)causing very great pain,difficulty,worry,etc.The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在

17、激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。争形势中获胜。A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.severe,stern&strictCF:Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingstern 与与 severe 相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态容貌或态度度。例如例如：a stern fathe

18、r 和和 a severe father 都可以用，但含义稍有不都可以用，但含义稍有不同：同：a severe father指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多多；a stern father 则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多味较多。strict 相当于汉语的相当于汉语的“严格的严格的”，须先假定有一种客观，须先假定有一种客观的标准的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。例如（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。例如：CF:The teacher is strict with his students.Ther

19、e is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingtackle:vt.deal withThe question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it.Toshiba(东芝东芝)recently designed a robot that can t

20、ackle almost any kinds of housework.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingface up to:be brave enough to accept or deal with(a problem or difficulty)Yeltsin faced up to the fact that he was no longer fit for the Russian presidency and resigned on New Years Eve.

21、既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。Now that your daughter was born,youll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingsequence:n.connected line of events,ideas,etc.连续的歉收（连续的歉收（bad harvest）迫使一些非洲国家

22、请求外国）迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助（援助（foreign aid）。）。A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid.The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Reading你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第

23、二点与第一点衔接不上。不上。sequence 是指是指“先后衔接的次序先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦语无伦次次”中的中的“伦次伦次”。例如。例如：sequence&seriesCF:I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events.我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混

24、。Your argument lacks logical sequence,for your second point does not follow the first.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingseries 是指是指“系列系列”、“组组”，可以有先后衔接的次，可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列序，也可以没有，但一系列或一或一组的东西一定自成一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。例如个完整的单位。例如：CF:Professor Li will give a s

25、eries of lectures on the Middle East issue.李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。The post office has issued a series of stamps commemorating the Olympic Games.邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingCollocation：顺次，挨次顺次，挨次in sequence

26、紧接着，一个接着一个紧接着，一个接着一个in rapid sequence按次序，有条不紊按次序，有条不紊in regular sequence事情的先后顺序事情的先后顺序the sequence of eventsGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingrecall:vt.bring back to the mind;remember(usu.followed by noun/gerund,or that-clause)I recognize the face but cant

27、 recall her name.I dont recall ever meeting her.She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingrecall,remember&remind 这三个词都与这三个词都与“记忆记忆”有关，前两个词有时可通用。有关，前两个词有时可通用。recall“想起想起”，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其动作，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其

28、动作包含有意识的努力，因此常与包含有意识的努力，因此常与 can，could 等词连用，等词连用，强调一次的回忆。例如：强调一次的回忆。例如：CF:Try as I might,I could not recall where I had left the book.我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her.我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地方见过她。我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地方见过她。Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplem

29、entary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingremember“想起想起”，用处比较广泛用处比较广泛，指事物自然在，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。例如：记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。例如：CF:I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library.我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。You must remember this phone number.你必须记住这个电话号码。你必须记住这个电话号码。如果如果 remember 表示有意识的行动，常指表示

30、有意识的行动，常指“记住记住”。例。例如如：Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingremind 指指“使某人想起使某人想起”，“提醒提醒”，宾语是人。，宾语是人。具体用法如下具体用法如下：1)接宾语接宾语；2)接宾语接宾语+of+宾语宾语；3)接宾语接宾语+不定式不定式；4)接宾语接宾语+that-clause。例如例如：CF:1)If I forget it,please remind me.如果我忘了，请提醒我。如果我忘了，请提醒我。2)This reminds me of

31、 last year.这使我想起去年的事。这使我想起去年的事。Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Reading3)Remind me to write to my Mom.提醒我给妈妈写信。提醒我给妈妈写信。4)The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.看到钟我想起自己迟到了。看到钟我想起自己迟到了。Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingB

32、efore Readingargument:n.Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.1)a disagreement;a quarrelThere are many arguments against smoking.2)a reason given to support or disprove sth.那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。The famous professor can always drive

33、 home an argument.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingCollocation：加入加入/卷入争论卷入争论get into an argument中断一场争论中断一场争论break off an argument结束一场争论结束一场争论terminate an argument解决一场争论解决一场争论settle an argument激烈的争论激烈的争论a bitter/violent/heated argument提出论点提出论点put forward/o

34、ffer an argument驳倒一个论点驳倒一个论点confute an argumentGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingput down:write downPut down what you hear,please.管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。The housekeeper puts down the daily expenses in a little notebook.Global ReadingAfter ReadingS

35、upplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingviolate:vt.act againstA country isnt respected if it violates an international agreement.Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingcompose:vt.write or create(

36、music,poetry,etc.)The presidents speech is really brilliant.Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else?John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son.little LennonGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingcompose,consist of,comprise&consti

37、tute这组动词的一般含义为这组动词的一般含义为“组成组成”或或“构成构成”。compose 常见于被动语态，构成常见于被动语态，构成 be composed of 的的结构，表示结构，表示“由由构成构成”；在用于主动语态时；在用于主动语态时,一般一般包含着包含着“融合为一融合为一”的意思，而且主语或者是复数名的意思，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。例如：词或者是集体名词。例如：CF:Concrete is composed of cement,sand and gravel mixed with water.混凝土由水泥、沙、石子与水掺和而成。混凝土由水泥、沙、石子与水掺和而成。Eng

38、land,Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingconsist of 意为意为“由由构成构成”，强调结果是一个统一，强调结果是一个统一整体。例如：整体。例如：CF:New York City consists of five boroughs.纽约市由五个行政区组成。纽约市由五个行政区组成。co

39、mprise 可表示可表示“由由构成构成”；也可表示；也可表示“构成构成”。例。例如如：The committee comprises men of widely different views.这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。Fifty states comprise the United States.美国由美国由50个州组成。个州组成。Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingconstitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，的主

40、语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所所“构成构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。例如与组成成分是一致的。例如：CF:Seven days constitutes a week.七天构成一个星期。七天构成一个星期。Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingHave you all turned in your homework for last night?1The criminal turned herself in.t

41、urn in:1.hand in;give over2.deliver(a person or thing)to the police3.give back;returnMatch the above definitions with the sentences below.2For your final grade,each of you must turn in a 7-page paper.1You must turn in your uniform when you leave the army.3Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Rea

42、dingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingcommand:1.n.orderThe commander gave the command that all prisoners of war should be well treated.The rebellious army would not obey any command from the President.2.v.give an order(to)The captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately.船长命令船员立刻离船。船长命令船员立刻离船。

43、Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingIf you command wisely,youll be obeyed cheerfully.谚语谚语 指挥有方，人人乐从。指挥有方，人人乐从。He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.谚语谚语 不能指挥自己就不能指挥别人。不能指挥自己就不能指挥别人。像像 suggest,demand 等动词一样等动词一样,跟在跟在 command后面的后面的 that 从句

44、中要用虚拟语气，谓语用从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用“should+原原形动词形动词”或直接加原形动词，而不管从或直接加原形动词，而不管从句中的人称或时态。例如：句中的人称或时态。例如：NB:He commanded that all the gates(should)be shut.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingCollocation:get command of控制控制have a good command of能自由应用能自由应用have at ones comman

45、d能充分掌握能充分掌握take command of开始担任开始担任指挥指挥under(the)command of由由指挥；在指挥；在指挥之下指挥之下Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingcommand&ordercommand 暗含暗含“必须服从必须服从”的意思，比较正式。例如的意思，比较正式。例如:CF:The officer commanded his soldiers to open fire on the enemy.军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。军官命令士兵开枪射击敌

46、人。order 指一般的上级指一般的上级“命令命令”下级，较普通、常用。例如：下级，较普通、常用。例如：He was ordered to write a full report on the matter.他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingwhats more:in addition;more importantlyMs.Stewart manages a successful business and

47、gives a weekly TV cooking show.Whats more,she has already published three books on gardening.How can you love this man?He watches TV all day long,and whats more,he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months!你怎么会爱上这个人。他整天看电视，更有甚者，他好像你怎么会爱上这个人。他整天看电视，更有甚者，他好像几个月没刷牙了！几个月没刷牙了！Global ReadingAfter Rea

48、dingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readinghold back:1)prevent the expression of(feelings,tears,etc.)Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom,not even attempting to hold back the tears.2)make sb.or sth.stop moving forwardThe men built banks of earth to hold back the rising flood water.3)pr

49、event the development ofYou could become a good musician,but your lack of practice is holding you back.Global ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Reading4)keep(sth.)secret把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何细节。把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何细节。Tell me about it dont hold anything back.Global ReadingAfter Readin

50、gSupplementary ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore Readingavoid:vt.keep or get away from(usu.followed by noun/gerund)The little boy who had broken a neighbors window ran away to avoid punishment/being punished.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him,but he saw me and came running towards me.我横穿马路以便避开他，但