国内传统文化英语翻译.doc

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1、|1.香囊(scented sachet)，古代也称“香袋”，通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的 袋子，里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅 有用，而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异，有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它 们通常配有精致的图案，每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶 图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性 ;松树和仙鹤 图案象征长寿;石榴(guava) 图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品，而且 含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。翻译：Scented sachets, also called “fra

2、grant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually sewed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs. The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat, repelling insects and warding off evils. Scented sachets are not only useful, but also ornamental. They

3、come in different shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning.For instance,a double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a woman;patterns like lotus o

4、r peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical richness.2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类

5、的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不 可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要 本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。翻译：Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world. Originat

6、ed in Chinese primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of humans perception of life. Chinese ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”，which is essential to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation.

7、 To live and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human. From birth, a persons first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life. From primitive society to the present day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life

8、 and the national culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts.3.象棋(Chinese chess)两人玩的棋盘游戏，源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。 早期的象棋由三部分组成:棋子、骰 (dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子,它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有 9 行宽、10 行长，共 90 个交叉点，构成方形网格 (grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争，部署马匹、战车，根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军

9、队。目前，中国象棋已传至全世界，进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。|翻译：Chinese chess is a two-player board game sprang from military strategies in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods. The early-stage Chinese chess consisted of three components:chess pieces，dice and board. Theres no dice in modem Chinese chess. And tii

10、e game is dififerrait from its ancient counteipart in tenns of pieces and board.The board is 9 lines wide by 10 lines long, with a total of 90 crossing points.The grids formed are square. The pieces are placed and moved on the crossing points. The two players conduct a representational military batt

11、le on the board by deploying horses and chariots and organizing troops based on tbeir understanding of the layout of die game and the playing rules. Currently, Chinese chess has been introduced to the whole worid, giving a boost to the effort to carry on and develop traditional Chinese culture.4.围棋是

12、两位对弈者之间战略性的棋盘游戏(board game)。围棋已有 3000 多年的历史，可以说是所有古代棋类游戏的起源。围棋的规则很简单，但是有数不尽的策略。这就是围棋的魅力所在。下一盘围棋的时间短至 15 分钟，长至数天。但是多数情况下，下一盘围棋需要一或两个小时。围棋是综合科学、艺术和竞赛的游戏。围棋对于智力发展、性格培养和灵活的策略学习非常有益。难怪围棋已经流行了几千年，并逐渐成为一项国际文化游戏。翻译：Weiqi is a strategic board game between two players. With a history of over 3,000 years, the

13、game can be regarded as the originator of all ancient chess games.The rules of Weiqi are very simple but there are countless variations of strategies.This is where the beauty of the game lies. The time for one round of weiqi can be as short as 15 minutes or as long as a few days. In most cases, thou

14、gh, it takes one or two hours to finish one round. Weiqi is a game that combines science, art and competition. Its beneficial for intelligence development, personality cultivation and flexible strategy learning. Its no wonder the game having been popular for thousands of years and is gradually becom

15、ing an international cultural game.5.杂技(acrobatics) 是展现高超的平衡技巧和动作协调能力的表演。杂技常和广 泛使用体操技能的活动相联系，比如马戏(circus)、体操，但许多其他运动，如武术、芭蕾和跳水也可能采用杂技元素。吴桥是中国众所周知的杂技之乡。据说吴桥的所有居民，从学步孩童到白发老人，都多少会点杂技。年轻人在工作间隙练习杂技。许多家庭都有独特的技艺代代相传。中国乃至世界都有很多来自吴桥的杂技演员。中国杂技界有句话叫做:没有吴桥人不成杂技班。翻译：Acrobatics is the performance that shows excel

16、lent skills of balance and action coordination. Acrobatics is most often associated with activities that make extensiye use of gymnastic skills, such as circus and gymnastics, but many other activities，such as wushu,ballet and diving may also adopt elements of acrobatics.Wuqiao is well known as the

17、hometown of acrobatics in China. It is said that all residents in Wuqiao, from kids learning to walk to the old with grey some acrobatics. Young people practice the art during the breaks from work.Many families have their unique skills handed down through generations. There are acrobats from Wuqiao

18、|Aroughout China, even the world.As a Chinese acrobatics field, if you dont have an acrobat from Wuqiao, you cant have an acrobatics troupe.1.中国菜举世闻名，而菜名更是诙谐有趣，妙趣横生，充满中国人的智慧。很多菜名用字典雅瑰丽，充满吉祥喜庆之气，诸如把豆苗(bean seedling)比作“龙须”，鸡蛋美名“芙蓉(Confederate rose)”或“凤凰”，鸡爪称“凤爪”，豆腐(tofu)叫成“白玉”，等。不少菜名豪华气派，美不可言，有种汤叫“珍珠玛

19、瑙(agate)翡翠汤”，只是豆腐、番茄加青菜。一些含有祝贺或象征吉祥的菜名，如竹笋炒排骨是 “步步高升”。有些菜名采用的是成语，萝卜丝上放根红辣椒表示“踏雪寻梅”。翻译：Chinese dishes are world-famous, and the dish names are humorous, interesting and full of wits, fully embodying the wisdom of Chinese people. Many dishes are named with elegant and magnificent characters and are fu

20、ll of auspicious and festive atmosphere. For example, the bean seedling is called “dragon beard”， egg is called “Confederate rose” or “phoenix”，chicken claw is called “phoenix talon”，tofu is called“white jade” and so on.Many dish names are in luxurious style and their beauty is beyond words. For exa

21、mple，there is a soup called “soup of pearl, agate and jade”，but its ingredients are only tofu, tomatoes and vegetables. Some dish names express congratulation or symbolize auspiciousness, such as pork ribs fried with bamboo shoots is called “higher and higher Some dish names are idioms，such as turni

22、p strips with a red pepper is called “looking for plum flowers while treading on the snow”.2.景德镇(Jingdezhen)位于江西省东北部，以瓷器而闻名，历来被誉为中国的 “千年瓷都”。在景德镇出产的各类瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blue and white porcelain)最为突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期，景德镇青花瓷以其烧造精致而独占鳌头。新中国成立后，在景德镇设立了人民瓷厂(Peoples Porcelain Factory)专门生产青花瓷。景德镇青花瓷造型优美，色彩绚丽，装饰精美，是景德镇四大传

23、统名瓷之一，素有“永不凋谢的青花” 之称。青花瓷远销世界各地，受到世界人民的喜爱。翻译：Jingdezhen，located in the northeast of Jiangxi Province，is famous for porcelain and is honored as “home of porcelain for thousands of years” in China. Among different types of porcelain produced in Jingdezhen，blue and white porcelain is the most renowned.

24、Blue and white porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.Blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen ranked first for its fine production. After new China was founded, Peoples Porcelain Factory was set up in Jingdezhen to produce blue and white porcelain specially. Blue and white porcelain from Ji

25、ngdezhen is elegantly shaped，rich in color and delicately decorated. It is one of the four famous traditional types of porcelain in Jingdezhen, and enjoys the reputation of “ever-green blue and white porcelain”.Blue and white porcelain has been sold to countries all over the world and is liked by pe

26、ople around the world.3.脸谱(facial makeup)是指中国传统戏剧京剧里男演员脸部的彩色化妆。 它在色彩、形式和类型上有一定的格式。脸谱运用红色、黄色、白色、黑色、紫色、绿色和银色代表不同的人物性格。各角色的脸谱由油漆、粉和油彩画成，基 本形式是整脸、三块瓦脸|(San Kuai Wa Lian)和碎脸。这些脸谱类型被广泛用于代 表将军、官员、英雄、神灵和鬼魅。通过眼睛和鼻子周围形状各异的白色小块, 可以辨别出丑角(Chou actors)。有时这些小块以黑色勾勒，常称小花脸。翻译：Facial makeup refers to the colorful pai

27、nting on the face of the actors in Peking Opera, which is a traditional Chinese opera. It has certain format in terms of color,design and type. Red，yellow，white ，black，purple，green and silver are the main colors used for facial makeup to represent different characters. The facial designs for the rol

28、es are made by painting, powdering and coloring in the basic forms of Zheng Lzan(keeping the basic face pattern)，San Kuai Wa Lian(three-section face) and Sui Lian(fragmentary face).These types are widely used to represent generals,officials，heroes, gods and ghosts. The Chou (clown) actors can be rec

29、ognized by the patch of white in various shapes painted around the eyes and nose. Sometimes these patches are outlined in black, often called Xiao Hua Lian(partly painted face).4.唐朝时期，人们就在昌南建造窑坊(kiln),烧制出一种青白瓷(bluish white porcelain)。青白瓷色彩晶莹，有“人造玉器 ”的美称，因而远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。当时，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的瓷器很受欢迎

30、。 在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是备受珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。因此，欧洲人就以“昌南” 作为瓷器和生产瓷器的“中国”的代称。久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是 “瓷器”，即“中国” 了。翻译：In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns to make bluish white porcelain in Changnan. The bluish white porcelain was glittering and had the reputation of artificial jade, so it beca

31、me famous home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large amount. At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain,so porcelain from China，especially from Changnan，was warmly welcomed. In Europe，porcelain from Changnan was luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaining even one pi

32、ece of it would make people feel very proud. In this way，Europeans used Changnan as the code name for china (porcelain) and the place of its production，China. Gradually, Europeans forgot the original meaning of Changnan，only remembering it is “china”，namely“China”.5.刺绣(embroidery) 是中国艺术中一颗璀燦的明珠。从华丽的

33、龙袍到今日的时装，刺绣为我们的文化和生活增添了许多乐趣。中国记载的最古老的刺绣可追溯至商朝。在当时，刺绣象征着社会地位。随着国民经济的发展，刺绣走进普通人的生活。对于足不出户的女子来说，刺绣是一种优雅的工作。想象一下，一位美丽的年轻女子在家刺绣:一针一线，她为爱人绣一对鸳鸯(mandarin duck)。寒冷的冬日，屋子里充满香气。多么美丽动人的画面啊!翻译：Embroidery is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art. From the magnificent dragon robes worn by emperors to todays fashions,

34、embroidery adds a great deal of pleasure to our culture and life. The oldest embroidery on record in China dates from the Shang Dynasty. Embroidery in this period symbolized social status. As the national economy |developed, embroidery entered the life of the common people.Embroideiy was an elegant

35、task for ladies who were forbidden to go out of their homes. Imagine a beautiful young lady embroidering at home:stitch by stitch, she ;embroiders a pair of mandarin ducks for her lover. It is a cold winter day and the room is filled with sweet smell. What a touching and beautiful picture!1.中国是茶的故乡。

36、唐代以前，中国茶叶通过陆路和水路出口，先是出口到日本和朝鲜，之后出口到印度和中亚。明清时期，出口到了阿拉伯半岛 (Arabian Peninsula)。17 世纪早期，中国茶叶出口到欧洲，自此，欧洲的上层阶级开始饮茶。 中国文化渗透着茶的精神，全国有很多种茶叶、茶馆、茶的传说、茶工艺品和饮茶习俗。杭州西湖以产上等绿茶著称;在云南等中国西南省份，少数民族受外国文化影响较小，原始茶产地仍然保留着饮茶仪式和习俗。翻译：China is the hometown of tea. Before the Tang Dynasty, Chinese tea was exported by land and

37、sea，first to Japan and Korea, then to India and Central Asia,and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, to the Arabian Peninsula. In the early period of the 17th century, Chinese tea was exported to Europe，where the upper class started to drink tea. Tea spirit permeates Chinese culture, and throughout the

38、country there are many kinds of tea，teahouses, tea legends, tea artifacts and tea customs. The West Lake in Hangzhou is famous for its excellent green tea; and provinces in southwest China like Yunnan where flie ethnic groups were less affected by foreign cultures still keep tea ceremonies and custo

39、ms in original tea-growing areas.2.汉字(Chinese characters)是世界上最古老的文字之一，也是使用者最多的文 字。汉字多达 6 万个，但常用的基本汉字只有 6000 个左右。据权威专家估计，汉字有 5000 多年的历史，最初源于记录事情的图片。从古至今，从甲骨文 (Jiaguwen) 到我们今天书写用的楷体(Kaiti)，汉字的形式和结构发生了很大改变。历史上， 汉字被朝鲜、日本、越南等国借鉴，因此也促进了国际交流。在现代，中国人民用 各种方法将汉字输人电脑，进行信息处理。事实证明，汉字充满了生机与活力。翻译：The Chinese chara

40、cters are one of the oldest characters in the world, and are used by the most users. Chinese characters are up to 60,000, but only about 6,000 basic ones are often used. As authorities estimate, Chinese characters have a history of over 5,000 years, and they originate from pictures for keeping recor

41、ds. From ancient to modern times, the forms and structures of Chinese characters have changed much, evolving from Jiaguwen (oracle bone script), to Kaiti(regular script) we use now. In history, Chinese characters were borrowed by Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, thereby improving international communicati

42、on. In modern times, Chinese people have by many means solved the problem of inputting Chinese characters into computers to serve information processing. It has been borne out that Chinese characters are full of vigor and vitality.3.曲艺是指民谣、说书和相声等民间说唱艺术形式。作为中国古代的表演艺术，曲艺是不同表演类型的统称，表现形式为说、唱或二者兼有。作为独立的艺

43、术，曲艺兴起于唐朝中期，繁荣于宋朝。曲艺深植于中国，分为三大类型、 400 个曲种。三大类型是:说书、|说唱艺术、笑话。说书既可以只用语言，也可以配乐。北方最典型的无伴奏类型是评书(Pingshu)。笑话最重要的形式是相声。说唱艺术似乎听众最多。在口音或音乐方面，每种类型都有强烈的地方色彩。翻译：Quyi refers to folk vocal art forms such as ballad singing, story-telling and crosstalk. As an ancient performing art in China, quyi is a general term

44、that covers several different types of performances in which speech, singing or both are used. As an independent art, it was formed in the middle Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Deeply taking root in China, the art is divided into three styles and subdivided into 400 parts. The thre

45、e major styles are story-telling, story-singing, and joke-telling. Story-telling can be either words only, or words with music. One of the most representative non-music styles in the North is called Pingshu. The most important form of joke-telling is crosstalk. Story-singing seems to have the larges

46、t audience. Each style has a strong local flavor in either its accent or music.4.24 节气 (24 solar terms)是统称，包括 12 节气(12 major solar terms)和 12 中气 (12 minor solar terms),它们彼此之间相互关联。 24 节气反映了天气变化，指导农 业耕作，也影响着人们的生活。春秋战国时期，人们开始使用节气作为补充历法 (calendar)。公元前 104 年，24 节气最终确立。众所周知，中国是个有着悠久农业发 展史的国家。农业生产受自然规律影响极大

47、。在古代，农民根据太阳的运动安排 农业生产活动。24 节气考虑到了太阳的位置，这就是我们重视它的原因。翻译：The 24 solar terms is a whole name of the system that consists of 12 major solar terms and 12 minor solar teims linked with each other. It reflects the climate change, guides agriculture arrangements and also affects peoples life. In the Spring a

48、nd Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people began to use solar terms as the supplementary calendar. It was in 104 B,C. that the 24 solar terms were finally set down. As we all know, China is a country with a long history of agriculture. Agricultural production is largely influenced by the

49、 laws of nature. In ancient times, farmers arranged their agricultural activities according to the move of : the sun. It is the fact that the 24 solar terms takes into account the position of the sun that makes us attach importance to it.5.当来中国的游客发现一桌标准的 8 人晚宴有 4 道凉菜、4 道热菜，并配以汤和米饭时，他们往往会感到惊讶。一桌标准的宴席(banquet)包括 48 道准备好的凉菜，8 道热菜每次只上 1 道热菜，以及 2-4 道观赏大菜(whole-sized showpiece dish)。同坐一张桌子的人互相敬酒时通常会“干杯 (Gan Bei)”。“ 干杯”是指举起酒杯 ,将酒全部喝完，让玻璃杯或酒杯“连最后一滴也干了”。人们干杯时传递给别 人的信息是：自己是真诚、快乐的。向主人敬酒时，国人更愿意接受的方式是喝一小口而不是喝干整杯。翻译：Visitors to China are often surprised when a standard dinner for a ta