2022年人教版化学九年《分子和原子》word教案六 .pdf

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1、名师精编优秀教案课题 2 分子和原子课题分析从本课题开始，学生将对微观世界有所了解。首先认识物质的可分性 分子、原子的存在，然后通过认识分子、原子在化学反应中的不同变化来形成分子、原子的概念。本课题首先从学生熟悉的日常现象（水的蒸发、凝结和挥发）及品红在水中的扩散现象提出问题，引起学生思考，接着用简单的几句话将人类对分子、原子的原始思索与现代结论联系起来。课时分配：2 课时整体设计三维目标1.知识与技能（1）认识物质的微粒性，知道构成物质的微粒有质量小、体积小、不断运动、有间隔等基本特征；知道分子、原子、离子等微小粒子是构成物质的微粒；（2）知道原子和分子的相同点、不同点及联系；能运用分子、原

2、子的观点解释一些简单的生活和实验现象；（3）学会运用分子的观点来区别物理变化和化学变化、纯净物和混合物。2.过程与方法（1）能从常见的现象入手进行合理的想象和推理；（2）通过讨论分析能主动和他人进行交流，敢于表达自己的见解。3.情感态度与价值观（1）激发对物质微粒的探究欲，建立“世界是物质的，物质是可分的”的辩证唯物主义物质观。（2）感受物质无限可分的哲学思想，唤起学生对科学的好奇与向往。教学重点认识物质的微粒性；能用微粒的观点解释日常生活中的问题。教学难点形成物质的微粒性的观点；化学反应的实质。教具准备200 mL 容量瓶、烧杯、注射器、量筒、胶头滴管、温度计、浓氨水、酒精、水、酚酞、黄豆、

3、小米、多媒体教学课件。第一课时分子及其特点教学过程导入新课世界是由各种各样的物质组成的，那么物质又是由什么构成的呢？这节课我们从微观的角度来研究这个问题。推进新课演示将蔗糖溶于水。提问蔗糖为什么看不见了？难道消失了吗？回答水变甜了，说明蔗糖并没有消失。分子及其特点分析蔗糖分散成了我们肉眼看不见的一种粒子 分子。就像生活中有时我们能闻到香味，但是却看不到这种物质。图片展示分子的图片名师精编优秀教案显微镜下苯分子的图象显微镜下C60分子的图象1.分子是真实存在的分析一滴水中就含有15 万亿亿个水分子。假如有人问你：“一个人每口喝下一亿个水分子，每秒钟喝一口，需要多久才能把一滴水中的水分子全部喝到肚

4、子里去？”说出来一定吓你一跳。原来，按照上面所说的喝水速度，喝完一滴水，竟需要五十万年！2.分子的特点：（1）分子的质量和体积都很小实验已知酚酞和氨气都是由分子构成的物质，它们溶于水可分别得到酚酞溶液和氨水。图 A、B 烧杯中的溶液会发生变化吗？（1）取一小烧杯，加水，加酚酞，搅拌，观察颜色。（2）取少量上述溶液置于试管中，向其中慢慢滴入浓氨水，观察颜色变化。（3）将烧杯中的酚酞溶液分别倒入A、B 两个小烧杯中，另取一个小烧杯C 加浓氨水，用大烧杯罩住A、C 两个小烧杯（如图）。观察有什么现象？这一现象说明了什么？现象：（1）溶液为无色；（2）溶液变红；（3）A 中溶液由无色变红色，B 中溶液

5、仍为无色。提问为什么（3）中 A 烧杯变红呢？回答氨水使酚酞变红。提问是氨水使酚酞变红，但氨水并没有与酚酞接触呀？氨长“脚”“跑”A 中去了？结论分子在不断地运动。实验A 组实验：一杯热水、一杯冷水，同时放入质量相当的红墨水，观察现象。B 组实验：取温度计两支，一支放入冷水杯中，一支放入热水杯中。现象：A 组热水中红墨水扩散较快；冷水中红墨水扩散较慢；B 组中热水中的温度计水银上升快，冷水中则慢。结论：温度越高，分子的运动速率越快。所以湿衣服在阳光下比在阴凉处干得快。（2）分子在不停地做无规则运动。温度越高，分子的运动速率越快实验100 mL 水+100 mL 酒精混合现象：观察到混合后的体积

6、小于200 mL。结论：分子间有间隔。【实验】取一注射器，吸入一定体积的空气，用手指顶住针筒小孔，将栓塞慢慢推入。再吸入等体积的水，用手指顶住针筒的小孔，将栓塞慢慢推入。现象：吸有空气的注射器比吸有水的注射器容易推进。结论：气态物质粒子间隔较大，固态、液态物质的粒子间隔比较小。文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y

7、7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L

8、3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:

9、CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C

10、8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10

11、 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3

12、V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J1

13、0 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3名师精编优秀教案（3）分子之间有间隔。气态分子间的间隔较大讨论水温升高，液态水变成蒸气“跑”走了，温度下降水蒸气凝成雪花。水的三态变化可以用关于分子的哪些知识来解释？不同状态水分子的排列结论一定量的水，在它的三态变化中，分子的数目、大小不变，分子间的距离（间隔）变化。分析钢轨为什么是一段一段的中间留有缝隙？这也是因为分子间有间隔，当温度发生变化时，分子间间隔发生变化，体积就会发生变化。课堂练习1.收获季节，一进入四会、广宁、德庆的橘园，就可以闻到柑橘的香味。这是因为()A.分子在不停地

14、运动B.分子间有间隔C.分子的质量很小D.分子还可再分2.由分子构成的物质，发生化学反应的实质是()A.分子间距离发生了变化B.分子运动状态发生了变化C.分子间相互作用力发生了变化D.分子破裂后重新组合成新的分子答案：1.A 2.D 课堂小结本节课主要学习了构成物质的基本粒子（分子）的有关知识。知道了物质的微粒性，并且可以用分子、原子的观点来解释生活中的一些常见现象。板书设计课题 2 分子和原子分子及其特点1.分子是真实存在的2.分子的特点：（1）分子的质量和体积都很小（2）分子在不停地做无规则运动。温度越高，分子的运动速率越快（3）分子之间有间隔。气态分子间的间隔较大布置作业1.上册课本P5

15、3页习题 1、2、3 2.公安干警在缉毒行动中，训练有素的缉毒犬屡建奇功，它可以嗅出毒品的原因是（）A.分子在不断运动B.分子是可分的C.分子体积极小D.分子间有空隙3.生活中的下列现象，可用分子的知识加以解释，其中正确的是()A.热胀冷缩是因为分子大小随温度而改变B.蔗糖溶解是因为分子很小C.墙内开花墙外香是因为分子在不断运动D.气体易被压缩是因为气体分子间隔很小答案：2.A 3.C 教学反思文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10

16、 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3

17、V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J1

18、0 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y

19、7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L

20、3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:

21、CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C

22、8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3名师精编优秀教案本节运用多媒体的图象和动感设计，把宏观的实验现象与微观粒子的理解较好地联系了起来，从而形象地表现微观世界的变化。注重情境创设，运用多媒体(电脑、投影、录像、实验)为学生提供大量宏观、微观、直接、形象、抽象的信息，让学生自己去感觉、发现。同时教师又及时提供协作学习引起学习者探索新知的强烈欲望，从而培养起学生创新探究的精神和信心。文档编码:CR9J4C8T

23、8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 H

24、J2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3

25、V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10

26、ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O

27、8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文

28、档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3文档编码:CR9J4C8T8X10 HJ2J3V3V4J10 ZS1Y7O8R4L3