八年级-下册英语重要考点归纳.doc

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1、|八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳M1重要语法：感官性系统词：feel(摸起来)、look(看起来) 、smell( 闻起来) 、 taste(尝起来 ) sound(听起来), 后接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句要借助助动词。The silk dress feels soft. The flowers look very beautiful. Does it smell nice? The song doesnt sound be noisy.2. What a delicious smell! 多么香啊！感叹句结构：What+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词 +（主语+谓语）！W

2、hat an interesting book it is! What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+ （主语+ 谓语）！What bad weather it is today!What good students they are! How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语！How fast he is running!How delicious it smells!How I miss the days we spent together!我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子！3.Im afraid+句子:恐怕 Im afraid he has no time today.4. be done 做好了

3、 Is your homework done?你的作业做好了吗？ Dinner is done!晚饭做好了！5. have a try 试一试；尝一尝6.have a sweet tooth 喜好甜食7.thanks for=thank you for+名词/动词-ing 。因而感谢你。Thanks for your help.=Thanks for helping me . Thank you for inviting me to your party. 8. hear from=get /receive a letter from收到的来信9.cant wait to do sth.迫不及

4、待去做某事 I cant wait to see you.10.人+ spend+时间（in）doing sth.。=It takes +人+ 时间+to do sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事He spent two days (in) reading the novel.=It took him two days to read the novel.11.too 也（置于句末，前加逗号） also 也 (置于居中 be 或情态动词之后)as well 也（置于句末，前不加逗号）12.be proud of以为豪 My parents are proud of me.13. How do y

5、ou feel about+名词/动词-ing ？=What do you think of+名词/ 动词-ing？你觉得 怎么样？ How do you feel about the film?=What do you think of the film?How do you feel about coming to China?=What do you think of coming to China?14. be afraid of+名词/ 动词-ing ：害怕. I am afaid of dog/going out at night. 对名词或名词短语感叹用 what对形容词、副词或

6、动词感叹用how|be afraid of doing sth.=be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事She is afraid of sleeping alone at night.= She is afraid to sleep alone at night.15. What does sb. look like?某人长得怎么样（问外表）答：short/tall/young/prettyWhat is sb like?某人性格怎么样？（问性格或品质）答：quiet/nice/strict/kind.-What does your English teacher look l

7、ike? -He is tall with pair of glasses.-What is your English teacher like? -He is strict but friendly.M2重要语法：现在完成时（一）：描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历或体验，对现在造成的影响。结构：have/has +动词过去分词 (否定) havent/hasnt +动词过去分词 含义：已经/曾经做过 还没有做过标志词：already、ever、never、yet、just 等。I have seen the movie.我已经看过这部电影。 （我现在了解该电影了。 ）He has a

8、lready finished his homework.他已经完成了作业。 （他可以交作业了）We havent had dinner yet. 我们还没有吃晚饭。 （我们现在饿） Have you ever entered a speaking competition?你曾经参加过演讲比赛吗？（变一般疑问句把 have/has 提到句首） Yes, I have./No, I havent. 2.enter a competition=take part in a competition 参加竞赛3.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 He often helps me

9、 learn English.4. afford sth.买得起某物 I cant afford the new bike.afford to do sth. 付得起钱去做某事 =have enough money to buy sth.She cant afford to go to school.她没钱去上学。5. stop to do sth.=stop and then do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事Im tired. Lets stop to have a rest.我累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧！Its time for class now.

10、Lets stop talking.上课时间到了！让我们不要讲话了！6. make up 编写 make up a story 编故事 make it/them up (代词要放中间)7.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事8. fifteen-year-old 十五岁的（复合形容词中的名词 不能加 s ,作定语）fifteen years old 十五岁 （短语，不能作定语，常作表语）He is fifteen years old.=He is a fifteen-year-old boy.9.at the moment =now 此刻（常用于现在进行时中）10. hav

11、e/has been to+某地：曾经去过某地（人已经回来，常与次数连用）have/has gone to +某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能与次数连用）have/has been in +某地：在某地呆/逗留（常与 for +时间段连用）I have been to Hong Kong twice.He isnt here now. He has gone to the USA.We have been in China for 20 years.11. be different from与.不同12.find it +形容词+ to do sth. 发现做某事是. 的（ it 是形式宾语，无

12、义，替代后面不定式）I find it easy to learn maths. 我发现学数学很容易。|Tony finds it hard to speak Chinese. 托尼发现说汉语很难。13. so far 到目前为止（常用于现在完成时）So far I have learnt 3，000 English words.14. all over the world=around the world 全世界15.count down 倒数 M31. already 已经（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中或句末）I have already known himyet 尚，还（常用于现在完成时否

13、定句或疑问句句末）Has it arrived yet？just 刚刚（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中）They have just arrived.2. What are your up to?=What are you doing?你在忙什么？3.Im not sure how to make it.= Im not sure how I can make it.4. Thats why .那就是的原因了。5. in order to+动词原形：为了 He works so hard in order to get the best score.so that+句子=in order that

14、+句子：为了 He works so hard so that (in order that) he can get the best score.6. there is(现在完成时形式)there has been 已经有 /存在there are(现在完成时形式)there have been 已经有/ 存在There have been many buildings in our village since 15 years ago.7.go around 围绕 转8. none of +名词复数/宾格+动词（单/复形）：没有一个（既指人也指物）no one +动词（单）=nobody（

15、仅指人，不与 of 连用，常用于 who 提出的问题）None of the students know(s) the anwer. 没有一个学生知道答案。-How many people are there in the room? None.一个也没有（强调数量）No one knows the answer. Whos in the classroom?- No one.没有人（强调有没有人）9. be called被称为 10.a small part of .的一小部分municate with与联系 12.finish doing sth.完成做某事 13.write back 回

16、信M4重要语法：1.现在完成时（二）：描述一个动作或状态从过去持续到现在乃至将来有多长时间。常与 “for+时间段/since+时间点”、so far、recently （最近） 、in the last 10 years（最近十年）等表示持续的时间连用，也用于 how long 问句中。I have learnt English for 6 years. He has lived here since he was born.China has changed a lot in the last 30 years. How long have you learnt English?特别注意：

17、在现在完成时（二）中，与 “for+时间段/since+时间点”或 how long 问句中，动词必须为可延续性动词（learn, stay, live ） ，不能为短暂性动词(buy, borrow, die),若为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。如：|buy haveborrow-keep/have leave-be away die-be dead come/go/reachbe in join the party-be in the party错误： I have bought the bike for 3 days.(buy 为短暂性动词，不能与 for +时间段连用) 正确：

18、 I have had/kept the bike for 3 days.(将 buy 改为延续性动词 have2. （问）- How long?多久.? （答）-For +时间段/since+时间点。How long have you been like this? 你这样多久了？I have been ill for about three days.我生病大约三天了。3.catch a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧 take ones temperature 测量某人的体温do exercise 锻炼 fast food 快餐 not usually 不经常 three

19、 times a day 一天三次4. be harmful to 对.有害 Playing computer games is harmful to your eyes.5. by doing通过做. decide（not） to do sth. 决心（不）做某事 in excellent /bad condition 身体状况良好/差 ride to work=go to work by bike 骑车上班arrive at/in=get to = reach 到达 with a smile on ones face 面带笑脸go for a run 去跑步 feel awful 感到不适

20、 all over 浑身；遍及6. tooto太 而不能 The boy is too young to go to school.7.choose sb. to do sth.选择某人去干某事 on the way 在路上M51.Its time to (动词)do sth.=Its time for（名词）sth.该做某事的时候了。Its time to have class.=Its time for class.play games.= games.eat dinner.= dinner2.fight （fought foutht） sb.打某人 fight with sb.与某人打架

21、 fight for为而战3. fly through 飞越 climb up 爬上 4. I want to be someone like him.我想成为想他那样的人。5. keep doing something 不断做某事 keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事keep sb from doing sth. =stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事Keep trying, and youll succeed（成功）. 不断尝试，你就会成功！6. cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 She couldnt help cry

22、ing when she heard the news.I cant help missing you when I see the photos.The little boy cant help dancing with the rock music.7.over=more than 超过8.win the heart of sb.赢得某人的心The boy won the heart of the beautiful girl.9.make a terrible mess 弄得一团糟10.expect to do sth. 期待做某事 I expect to see you soon.11

23、.ever since +句子( 一般过去时)常用于现在完成时）We have known each other ever since we were young.|12. in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代in 1980 在 1980 年（没有 the 和 s）13.find real life hard to understand=find it hard to understand real hard 发现现实生活难以理解find +宾格+ 形容词+ to do=find it +形容词+to do+宾格：发现做是 的14. as well as=with/and also 和

24、；以及；也；像一样好He can speak English as well as French.他会说英语，也会说法语。Tony as well as his parents lives in China now.托尼和他的父母现在住在国。（动词要根据就远原则，与 as well as 前的主语人称和数一致）I can speak English as well as him.我的英语说得想他一样好。e to life 复活/恢复生气16.be popular with sb.收到某人的欢迎17.几种时态区别:时态 概念 谓语动词形式 时间标志词一般现在时：经常发生或习惯性地动作 动词原形/

25、三单 often usually sometimes every day/week一般过去式： 过去发生的动作或状态 动词过去式 yesterday ago just now ,last week/year现在完成时：已经或曾经干过某事，对现在的影响 have/has+过去分词 already yet just never. 过去发生的动作持续到现在或将来有多久。 for+时间段、since+ 时间点， so far, rencentlyM61. take up 占据（空间/时间）The desk took up too much room.Playing computer games has

26、 taken up most of his time. 从事 He took up art at school. 他在学校教美术。2. find somewhere to sit down 找地方坐下3. a bit of +不可数名词= a little of a bit of food/orange juice a bit of a mess 有点乱a bit +形容词/副词= a little a bit tired/hungry 区别：not a bit:一点也不 not a little: 很/非常4. must 一定（表推测） It must be really valuable.

27、 他一定很值钱。5. as+(形容词/副词) 原级 +as: 像 一样 He is as tall as his brother.否定：not as as 不如. Tom is not as tall as his brother.6. in ones life 在（某人）一生中|7. make sb./sth. +动词原形：使某人/某物做某事 Dont make me laugh. The boss made the worker work for a long time.类似：let sb./sth. +动词原形 ：让某人/ 某物做某事8. grow as a person 长大成人9.

28、someothers一些另外一些10. develop ones interest 培养某人的兴趣11. as well as=besides 除了.之外，还包括.As well as Tom, his parents came to the party.汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚会。12. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事13. come out 出版；外出；14. as a result 结果 as a result of.由于.=because ofHe didnt work hard, as a result, he didnt pass the ex

29、am.15. be interested in+名词 /动词-ing: 对感兴趣I am very interested in maths. Are you interested in dancing?16. sb. spend+时间+ doing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事。= It takes sb.+时间+ to do sth.He usually spends lots of time playing computer games.=It usually takes him lots of time to play computer games.M71. prepare for为

30、.做准备= get ready for2. make a list of列的清单3. get ready 把 准备好4.It sounds crazy. 这听起来很荒唐。5. I dont know what to take.（简单句= I dont know what I should take.（复合句）6. at the end of 在.的尽头 /结尾7. Is 200 dollars enough?（金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数）50 years is long time. 100 metres is a short distance.8. had better +动词原形：最

31、好做某事 You had better stay home at night.否定：had better not +动词原形：最好不要做某事：Youd better not go out now.9. by the way 顺便说一下 go crazy 变疯 in a group of 20 二十人一组10. offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物 He offered the poor lots of food and water. offer to do sth. 自愿去做某事 They offered to help me.11. learn a

32、bout 了解 at the same time 同时 be well trained 受过良好培训 depend on 依赖；取决于14. provide sb. sth.提供某人某物= provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.15. set tests 安排考试 form close friendships with 与. 结成亲密的友谊stay in touch with和保持联系 take trips to到去旅行at least 至少 fill out 填写 |M81. 重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子 。本模块重点：由 tha

33、t 引导的宾语从句， that 无义，可省 , 后接陈述句作宾语。宾语从句复合句=主句 + 引导词 + 宾语从句。I can hardly believe (that) were in the city centre.Tony guesses that the park is very popular.Lingling suggests that they spend the day there.Lingling doesnt think the park will be busy.主句和从句的时态关系：主句：一般现在时 从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态She says (that) she w

34、orks from Monday to Friday.（从句为一般现在时）She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. （从句为一般将来时）My grandparents often tell me they lived a hard life in the past.（从句为一般过去时）Xiaoming says he has already finished his homework. （从句为现在完成时）主句：一般过去时 从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态He said (that) there were no classes

35、 yesterday afternoon. （从句用一般过去时）He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. （从句用过去将来时）Our teacher told us he had taught here for 20 years. （从句用过去完成时）特殊情况：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句 等不以时间改变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快)The teacher told

36、us the earth goes around the sun. （客观事实）She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. （客观事实）My father told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.（客观真理）注意：当主句的谓语动词是 think 或 believe，宾语从句要表达否定时，要把从句的否定转移到主句上。 I dont think he is going to help you with your English.

37、 We dont believe that we have won the basketball match.2. hardly 几乎不= almost notHe can hardly believe the result, can he?（前否后肯）3. so that 如此以至于The little boy is so young that he cant go to school.=The little boy is too young to go to school.= The little boy is not old enough to go to school.so that

38、以便；为了 =in order tharHe got up early so that he could catch up the early bus.4. hear sb./sth.+动词原形 ：听见某人/某物（经常/过去）做.|hear sb./sth.+动词-ing : 听见某人/ 某物正在做.I often hear her play the piano in her room.I heard her play the piano in her room last night.I hear her playing the piano in her room now.5. be famo

39、us for 因而著名be famous as+职业/ 身份：作为而出名This park is famous for its lake.Luxun is famous as a writer.6. allow doing sth.允许做某事 They dont allow smoking here allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 His parents allowed him to go out with me.allow+that 从句：He allowed that they were right. 他承认他们是对的7. Its better (for sb.)

40、to do sth.（对某人来说）最好去做某事。Its better for you to stop smoking.=You had better stop smoking.8. point out 指出 point at/to指着（近物/远物） 9. at the top of 在的顶部 move about 四处走动 10. promise to do sth.答应做某事 He promised to help us.promise not to do sth. 保证不做某事 Tony promised not to talk in class.promise +that 从句: My

41、parents promise that they will buy me a new shirt.11.have a wonderful time 玩得开心 magic land 仙境 square kilometer 平方公里by a small lake 在小湖边 wake sb. up 唤醒某人 12. without doing 没有做 . We came out without making any noise.13.It is a pity that+从句。真遗憾 . Its a pity that you have missed the party.14.walk down t

42、he path 顺路而下15.put leaves off plants 从植物扯下叶子16. the second largest 第二大. (the +序数词+最高级：第几最.)17.fall asleep 入睡M91.重要语法： if/whether 引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whether 意为“是否” ，用在将直接引语（说话人说得话）为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语（转述他人的话）的复合句中做引导词，转化后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直接引语） “Are you a teacher?” he asks.（间接引语）He asks if/whether I am a t

43、eacher.（直接引语） “Have you finished your home work?”the teacher asked him.（间接引语）The teacher asked if/whether I had finished my home work.间接引语也就是 if/whether 引导的宾语从句He wants to know if it will rain tomorrow.I dont know whether he is at home or not.注：if 和 whether 一般情况下可以互换使用，但如下情况，不能用 if,只能用whether:在动词不定式

44、之前只能用 whether 基本结构：主句+if/whether+宾语从句（用陈述语序）|I dont know whether to accept or refuse（拒绝）. 在 whether or not 的固定搭配中。Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介词后，只能用 whether。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether 。Whether it is true or not, I cant tell.用 if 会引起歧义时，只用 wheth

45、er。如用 whether 可避免歧义。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（what/where/when/which/why/how/how many）直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时，用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词，但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直引） “What s your name?”Mr. Li asks me.（间引）Mr. Li asks what my name is.（直引） “Why did he ask for help?” he asked.（间引）He asked why he asked for help.间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。Where do

46、es he come from? I dont know.（合并句子）I dont know where he comes from. （合并后，原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，故要改为陈述句，因为它不再是问句了）How can I get there? Can you tell me? （合并句子）Can you tell me how I can get there?（解析同上）注：if/whether 和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与that 引导的宾语从句复合句一样，需注意主从句时态的变化。2. mention sth. to sb.向某人提及某事3. take a

47、message （for sb.） ：（为某人）捎口信4.打电话用语： Whos calling?=Whos that speaking?你是哪位？Is that (speaking)?你是吗？This is speaking.我是Could/May I speak to?我可以和.说话吗？5. have a problem with sb. 和某人之间出了问题6.get separated 分开7. explain sth. to sb.向某人解析某事 Please explain the meaning to me.explain +疑问词+不定式：Could you explain how to do it well?explain +宾语从句：Could you explain what happened then?8.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 He refused to help me.9. feel/be sure of.对有把握10. regret to do sth. 遗憾地（要）做某事（