世纪商务英语阅读第四版基础篇Unit4.ppt

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1、大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社世纪商务英语阅读第四版基础篇Unit4 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Unit Four L大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Leadership Do you want to be a leader?What elements does a good leader possess?Therere different styles of l

2、eadership.Achieving a rare marriage of personal style and corporate culture at Disney,Michael D.Eisnir is a perfect leader forthe Walt Disney Company.Apart from the topic of leadership,youll learn a reading techniqueskimming,which allows you to understand the main idea of an article quickly.大连理工大学出版

3、社大连理工大学出版社Career DevelopmentReading Skill FocusWords and ExpressionsPractical ReadingComprehensive Reading大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusSkimming(1)What is skimming?Skimming is used to quickly identify the main idea of a text.It is a reading technique that can help you to:Read more quickly;Dec

4、ide if the text is interesting and whether you should read it in more detail.Skimming is done at a speed three to four times faster than normal reading.People often skim when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusHow is“skimming”different

5、 from“scanning”?The term skimming is often confused with scanning.Remember:Skimming is used to obtain the gist(the overall sense)of a piece of text.For example use skimming to get the gist of a page of a textbook to decide whether it is useful and should therefore be read more slowly and in more det

6、ail.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Scanning is used to obtain specific information from a piece of text.For example,use scanning to find a particular number in a telephone directory.Sometimes you can use both reading methods.After you have skimmed a piece of text to decide whether the text is

7、 of interest,you may wish to use scanning techniques to locate specific information.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Skimming requires very speedy reading,without paying any attention to details,or the unknown words.As the objective of skimming is to identify quickly the main points in the mate

8、rial,it is often not necessary to understand everything in the material.Sometimes several words or phrases can imply the topic of a piece of text.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusHow do you skim read?As mentioned above,skimming is a reading method used to get the general ideas of reading materia

9、l without reading all of it.When skimming,you go through the passage quickly in order to get the gist of it,to know how it is organized,or to get an idea of the tone or the intention of the writer without paying any attention to details or the unknown words.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Dont

10、 read the whole text word-for-word.Use as many clues as possible to give you some background information.There might be pictures or images related to the topic,or an eye-catching title.Let your eyes skim over the surface of the text whilst thinking about any clues you have found about the subject,lo

11、ok out for key words.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus The following tips are useful while skimming.1.Read the title,subtitles and subheading to find 2.out what the text is about.2.Look at the illustrations to give you further information about the topic.3.Read the first and last sentence of eac

12、h paragraph.4.Dont read every word or every sentence.Let your eyes skim over the text,taking in key words.This is the first part of Skimming.Youll learn more about this technique in Unit 5.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusAGuided PracticeSample 1 Questions 1-2 are based on the following paragrap

13、h.Read the paragraph quickly,and then select the answer which you think is correct.Every second,1 hectare of the worlds rainforest is destroyed.Thats equivalent to two football fields.An area the size of New York City is lost every day.In a year that adds up to 31 million hectaresmore than the land

14、area of Poland.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus This alarming rate of destruction hasserious consequences for the environment;scientists estimate,for example,that 137 species of plant,insect or animal become extinct every day due to logging.In British Columbia,where,since 1990,thirteen rainfore

15、st valleys have been clear cut,大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus 142 species of salmon have already become extinct,and the habitats of grizzly bears,wolves and many other creatures are threatened.Logging,however,provides jobs,profits,taxes for the government and cheapproducts of all kinds for co

16、nsumers,so the government is reluctant to restrict or control it.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus1.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Scientists are worried about New York City.B.Logging is destroying the rainforests.C.Governments make money from logging.D.Salmon are an endangered species.2

17、.How many species of salmon have become extinct in BC?A.27 B.31 C.137 D.142()B()D大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus 第1 题是主旨大意题，通常可以通过skimming 的方法解答。第2 题是查找具体的信息，通过scanning便可找到答案。第1 行和第8 行的划线文字对于回答第1 题十分重要。这两个部分让我们知道了世界雨林受到毁坏；尽管logging 有这样和那样的好处,但logging 却是毁林的原因。整个段落的main idea是选项B，即Logging is dest

18、roying the rainforests。第5行和第6、7行的划线部分为第2题提供了答案。很显然选项D是正确的大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusSample 2 Much of Canadas forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper.Accordingto the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association,Canada supplies 34%of the worlds wood pulp and 49%of its newsprint paper.I

19、f these paper products could be produced in some other way,大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Canadian forests could be preserved.Recently,a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists:a plant called hemp.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill

20、 Focus Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Canadian forests are especially under threat.B.Hemp is a kind of plant.C.Canada is a major supplier of paper and pulp.D.Canada produces a lot of hemp.通过快速阅读，我们知道段落的第通过快速阅读，我们知道段落的第1 句和第句和第3 句是本句是本段说明的两方面的问题。从四个选项来看，段说明的两方面的问题。从四个选项来看，B 和和C 都都只是本段的部分内容，而只是本

21、段的部分内容，而D 项在本段并未提及，只有项在本段并未提及，只有A 能够概括出本段的大意能够概括出本段的大意大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusB.Challenge Yourself Read the following passages quickly，and choose the best answer to the questions that follow.Challenge 1 British and American scientists，drilling into the floor of the South Atlantic,have f

22、ound the last piece of a great continental jigsaw puzzle,it was announced Thursday.It is the final piece of evidence that South America and Africa were once part of the vast super-continent,Gondwanaland,along with Australia,New Zealand,and Antarctica.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusThe main ide

23、a of this paragraph is_.A.The drilling was done by British and B.American scientists.B.The jigsaw puzzle was announced on Thursday.C.Gondwanaland had been a vast super-continent.D.Missing piece of the continental puzzle has been found.()C大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusChallenge 2 Most people f

24、eel lonely sometimes but it usually lasts only between a few minutes and a few hours.This kind of loneliness is not serious.In fact,it is quite normal.For some people,though,loneliness can last years.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon in an attem

25、pt to better understand long-term loneliness.These researchers have already identified three different types of loneliness.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus The first kind of loneliness is temporary.This is the most common type.It usuallydisappears quickly and does not require any special attent

26、ion.The second kind,situational loneliness,is a natural result of a particular situation,for example,a divorce,the death of a loved one,or moving to a new place.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems,such as headaches and sleeplessness,it u

27、sually does not last for more than a year.Situational loneliness is easy to understand and to predict.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus The third kind is the most severe.Unlike the second type,chronic(慢性的)loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause.People who experienc

28、e habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others.Unfortunately,many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a per

29、sons social contacts,i.e.friends,family members,coworkers,etc.We depend on various people for different reasons.However,psychologists have found that the number of social contacts we have is not the only reason for loneliness.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus It is more important how many social

30、 contacts we think or expect we should have.In other words,though lonely people may have many social contacts,they sometimes feel they should have more.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Most researchers agree that the loneliest people are between the ages of 18 and 25.They found that more than 5

31、0 percent of the college freshmen were situationally lonely at the beginning of the semester,but had adjusted after a few months.Thirteen percent were still lonely after seven months due to shyness and fear.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus They felt very uncomfortable meeting newpeople，even tho

32、ugh they understood that their fear was not rational.The situationally lonelyfreshmen overcame their loneliness by making new friends,but the chronically lonely peopleremained unhappy because they were afraid to do so.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill Focus Psychologists are trying to find ways to hel

33、p habitually lonely people for two reasons.First of all,they are unhappy and unable to socialize.Secondly,researchers have found a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illnesses such as heart disease.While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal,healthy part of man,chronic

34、loneliness can be a very sad,and sometimes dangerous condition.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusWhat is the main idea of this passage?A.There are three different kinds of loneliness.B.Chronic loneliness is the most severe kind.C.Researchers want to cure loneliness.D.There is some difference betw

35、een being alone and being lonely.C()大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusChallenge 3 Important Differences Between MEMOS and ESSAYS Before you begin to write your first memo,it is important to understand the differences between writing memos and writing essays.A few of the most important distinction

36、s appearin the table below.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingMEMOESSAYAudienceA particular personAmbiguousFormatIntro,specific points,summary.Goal:provide informationIntro,thesis,evidence,conclusion.Goal:prove a pointIntroductionList-like,straightforwardAbstract summary,broadBody of the writing

37、 projectA series of short discussions followed by a summary.A series of paragraphs ofincreasingly finer detailfollowed by a conclusion.TransitionsDirect,straightforward language.Subheadings serve as transitions.Link ideas of previous paragraph with next paragraphs centralpoint.大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Read

38、ing Skill Focus As the table makes clear,a memo is very unlike the essays you write for other classes,and it is important that you appreciate the difference in style.A memo exists for a veryspecific purpose:to convey information to a colleague.Keep this in mind as you work andyou wont go wrong.大连理工大

39、学出版社大连理工大学出版社Reading Skill FocusThe passage is mainly about_.A.the importance of memo writingB.specific purpose of a memoC.a few important distinctions between memos and essaysD.the importance of understanding the differences between writing memos and writing essays()C大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive

40、 ReadingText ALeadershipWhat Makes a Good LeaderSuggested Reading Time:7 min 1.It goes without saying that good leadership is crucial to any successful business.But,what makes a good leader and how can someone develop himself or herself into being a good leader if they are not one to begin with?译文译文

41、 毋庸置疑，良好的领导力是企业发展成败的关键。然而，对于毋庸置疑，良好的领导力是企业发展成败的关键。然而，对于那些最初并不具有良好素质的领导者来说，要想成为一名优秀那些最初并不具有良好素质的领导者来说，要想成为一名优秀的领导者应具备哪些特质，以及如何将自己塑造成为一名优秀的领导者应具备哪些特质，以及如何将自己塑造成为一名优秀的领导者？的领导者？大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading The answer is that there are many factors that contribute to good leadership.And,whethe

42、r someone is naturally a good leader or not,anyone can become a good leader.译文译文 出色的领导者需要具备一些基本的特质。但是，无出色的领导者需要具备一些基本的特质。但是，无论你是否天生拥有这些特质，你都有机会将自己塑论你是否天生拥有这些特质，你都有机会将自己塑造成为一名优秀的领导者造成为一名优秀的领导者 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingGet Talking 2.One of those factors of good leadership is communicatio

43、n.Communication is one of the most key elements of leadership.Goodcommunication skills need to be learned to effectively become a good leader or manager.译文译文 善于沟通是领导者所需具备的特质之一。沟通力是体现善于沟通是领导者所需具备的特质之一。沟通力是体现领导力的重要因素之一。要想成为一名出色的领导者或领导力的重要因素之一。要想成为一名出色的领导者或经理人，你需要通过学习有效地培养良好的沟通能力经理人，你需要通过学习有效地培养良好的沟通能力

44、 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading When communication occurs,as a leader,you will be able to accurately convey your ideas and thoughts to those who work for you.In fact,simply being able to convey these things in the first place,much less accurately,puts you in the right direction for leadersh

45、ip.译文译文 如果你是一名领导者，在你与你的员工进行通时，你要够准确如果你是一名领导者，在你与你的员工进行通时，你要够准确地表达自己的观点和想法。事实上，正因为最初的你不能如此地表达自己的观点和想法。事实上，正因为最初的你不能如此准确地表达自己的观点和想法，才促使你为了今后能够成为一准确地表达自己的观点和想法，才促使你为了今后能够成为一名优秀的领导者而朝着这个目标不断地努力名优秀的领导者而朝着这个目标不断地努力 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading If employees have no idea what is on your mind,your

46、 leadership is going to falter.Employees are not typically minded readers.译文译文 如果你的员工未能充分领悟你的意图，这说明你还如果你的员工未能充分领悟你的意图，这说明你还并不具备良好的领导力，因为员工是不可能完全猜并不具备良好的领导力，因为员工是不可能完全猜透你的心思的透你的心思的 falter 蹒跚，踉跄大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 3.If there is a problem a certain employee is experiencing,good comm

47、unication can filter the problem out.You,as a leader,can dissect the problem and offer solutions in various ways.译文译文 当某一名员工遇到困难时，作为领导者的你能当某一名员工遇到困难时，作为领导者的你能够通过沟通找出问题，对问题进行细致的分析，够通过沟通找出问题，对问题进行细致的分析，并通过各种途径提出解决方案并通过各种途径提出解决方案 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading 4.Ideas that are given to employe

48、es work both ways,as well.Employees can give helpful feedback and generate new ideas to you that help the company as well,when good communication is present.译文译文 当领导者给予其员工意见或者建议时，双方都可当领导者给予其员工意见或者建议时，双方都可以从中受益。如果沟通顺畅，员工会针对你的意以从中受益。如果沟通顺畅，员工会针对你的意见和建议给出有益的反馈；而反馈意见有助与你见和建议给出有益的反馈；而反馈意见有助与你对公司将来的发展提出新的

49、设想对公司将来的发展提出新的设想 大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive ReadingGet Things Moving 5.Motivation is another variable that plays into good leadership.Employees tend to stagnate when motivation decreasesand it will decrease,without proper motivation.译文译文 懂得如何有效地激励员工是体现领导力的另一个重懂得如何有效地激励员工是体现领导力的另一个重要因素。当领导者减少对其员

50、工的激励，并没有采要因素。当领导者减少对其员工的激励，并没有采取有效的激励措施时，你的员工会逐渐丧失工作热取有效的激励措施时，你的员工会逐渐丧失工作热情并且变得停滞不前情并且变得停滞不前 stagnate(使)停滞不前；(使)不流动大连理工大学出版社大连理工大学出版社Comprehensive Reading Many leaders try to motivate the old-fashioned waythrough fear.(Do what I say or something bad will happen.)This is not advisable,since it tends